| 释义 |
leopard|ˈlɛpəd|
Forms: α. 4 labarde, lubard, 4–6 lebarde, libarde, lybard, 4–8 libard, 5 leberde, labbarde, 5–6 lybarde, lybbard(e, lyberd(e, liberd(e, 4–7 (and 8–9 arch.) libbard. β. 3 leupar, 3–5 lepard, 4–5 lupard(e, 4–6 leparde, 4 lepart, lip(p)ard, (5 lupart, lupaerd, lyepart(e, lyppart, 6 lyparde). γ. 4 leoperd(e, 4–5 leopart, 4, 6 leoparde, 4, 6– leopard.
[ME. leopard, also lebard, lubard, leupard, etc., a. OF. leopard, lebard, leupard, etc. (mod.F. léopard), ad. late L. leopardus (Hist. Aug.), ad. late Gr. λεόπαρδος (S. Ignat., Galen), also λεοντόπαρδος (and λεοντοπάρδαλος, ? 4th c.), f. λεοντ-, λέων lion + πάρδος pard.
The animal orig. so named was supposed to be a hybrid between lion and ‘pard’: cf. Plin. N.H. viii. xvii, ‘[Leones] quos pardi generavere’.]
1. a. A large carnivorous quadruped, Felis pardus, otherwise called the Panther, a native of Africa and southern Asia. Its coat is yellowish fawn shading to white under the body, with dark brown or black rosette-like spots. (In popular language, the name is often restricted to the smaller varieties of the species, the larger being called panthers.)
black leopard, a black-coated variety of the leopard, formerly regarded as a distinct species, found in Southern India and the Malay peninsula, Java, etc.
α13..Coer de L. 2182 Then answered Kyng Richard, In deed lyon, in thought libbard. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 13795 Was neuere lubard ne lyoun..þat was so wod. c1386Chaucer Monk's T. 271 Leons, leopardes [v.r. lebardis, luperdes] and Beres. a1400Isumbras 189 A labarde ther com and tuk that othir. c1440Promp. Parv. 291/2 Labbarde (K., S., P. lebbard), leopardus. c1440Gesta Rom. i. lx. 246 (Harl. MS.) A litle Ile, fulle of liounes, leberdes, berys, and oþere wylde bestes. 1531Elyot Gov. i. xviii, In the vacation season from warres they hunted lions, liberdes, and suche other bestis. a1599Spenser F.Q. vii. vii. 29 He in forrest greene had hunted late the Libbard or the Bore. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage vi. i. 466 The Libard is not hurtfull to men except they annoy him: but killeth and eateth Dogges. 1635Swan Spec. M. (1670) 396 There is no Leopard or Libbard but such as is begotten between the Lion and the Panther, or the Panther and the Lioness. 1784Cowper Task vi. 773 The lion, and the libbard, and the bear, Graze with the fearless flocks. 1820Keats Lamia ii. 185 Twelve sphered tables..rear'd On libbard's paws.
βa1290S. Eustace 410 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1881) 219 Liouns and leuparz..And bestes suiþe fel[l]e. a1300Cursor M. 11638 Moder, he said, haf þou na ward, Noþer o leon ne o lepard [Gött. lippard]. 1340Ayenb. 14 Vor þet bodi of þe bestes wes ase lipard. c1386Chaucer Knt.'s T. 1328 Aboute this kyng ther ran on euery part ful many a tame leon and leopard. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 159 Camelion is..in colour liche to a lupard. c1430Lydg. Reas. & Sens. (E.E.T.S.) 3249, I wot..thou woldest twynne And fle from hir..As doth an hare the lyppart. c1450Merlin 304 In that londe is the wolf that the lupart shall bynde. 1481Caxton Reynard (Arb.) 52 Tho spak sir firapeel the lupaerd whiche was sybbe somwhat to the kynge. 1483― Gold Leg. 416/1 There was a lyeparte there aboutes whiche destroyed the people of the contre. 1535Coverdale Ecclus. xxviii. 23 It shal..deuoure them as a leparde. 1635Swan Spec. M. ix. § 1 (1643) 435 The Panther is a beast little differing from a Leopard or Lippard.
γ13..K. Alis. 5228 Vnces grete, and leopardes. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xv. 93 Ac þere ne was lyoun ne leopart þat on laundes wenten..Þat ne fel to her feet. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xviii. xxii. (1495) 781 The Leoperde drynkith mylke of the wylde gote. c1450Merlin 304 Is not the leopart more of strength than is the wolf. 1535Coverdale Prov. xxvi. 13 The slouthfull sayeth: there is a leoparde in y⊇ waye. 1607Shakes. Timon iv. iii. 343 Wert thou a Leopard, thou wert Germane to the Lion, and the spottes of thy Kindred, were Iurors on thy life. 1727–46Thomson Summer 918 The lively shining leopard speckled o'er With many a spot, the beauty of the waste. 1834Pringle Afr. Sk. viii. 246 The South-African leopard differs from the panther..in the form of its spots.
b. Applied to other animals of the genus Felis, as American leopard, the jaguar, F. onca; hunting leopard, the cheetah (see hunting vbl. n. 3 b); snow leopard, the ounce, F. irbis.
2. With reference to its spotted coat, as a type of unchangeableness, after Jer. xiii. 23.
1382Wyclif Pref. Ep. St. Jerome vii. 71/1 [Mentions Jeremiah's allusion to] the leparde spuylide his colours. 1560Bible (Genev.) Jer. xiii. 23 Can the blacke More change his skin? or the leopard his spottes? 1593Shakes. Rich. II, i. i. 174. 1624 F. White Repl. Fisher 573 They haue washed off their Libbards spots. 1631R. Brathwait Eng. Gentlew. (1641) 308 The Blackmoore may sooner change his skin, the Leopard his spots. 1920New Statesman Apr. 20/1 For the moment the public is not likely to get a thorough grounding in economics, nor does the Press leopard show any signs of changing his spots. 1930D. Jerrold Lie about War 35 As for the leopard who failed to change his spots, why blame the war? 1955W. Gaddis Recognitions ii. v. 487 You wanted to marry a Christian, you wanted to marry a good Catholic. Well leopards can't change their spots. 1972G. Oakley Church Mouse 20/2 The schoolmouse..said that..Sampson was a leopard in sheep's clothing and that a wolf couldn't change its spots. 1973Times 21 Nov. 19/8 There is no evidence to show that the Communist Party leopard has changed its spots.
3. a. A figure of a leopard in painting, heraldry, etc.
13..Coer de L. 5121 Many wer the fayre geste Theron were wryten, and wylde beste, Tygrys, dragons, leons, lupard. a1366Chaucer Rom. Rose 894 With briddes, lybardes, & lyouns, And othir beastis wrought ful welle. c1400Destr. Troy 1573 And all of marbill was made with meruellus bestes, Of lions & Libardes & other laithe wormes. 1523Skelton Garl. Laurel 590 Wheron stood a lybbard crownyd with golde and stones. 1588Shakes. L.L.L. v. ii. 551 With Libbards head on knee.
b. Anc. Her. A lion passant guardant [F. lion léopardé], as in the Arms of England.
[c1300Siege of Carlaverock (Nicolas 1828) 22 En sa baniere trois luparte.] c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 305 Þei sauh kynge's banere, raumpand þre lebardes. 1475Bk. Noblesse 24 The said King Henry the seconde bare in armes frome that day forthe the saide libarde of gold withe the other two libardis of the same that is borne for Duke of Normandie. 1525Ld. Berners Froiss. II. ccii. [cxcviii.] 623 He lefte the beryng of the Armes of Englande, or the lybardes, and flour delyces quarterly. 1614Selden Titles Hon., In royal blazonry leopards and lions were synonymous terms, and used indifferently. 1814Scott Ld. of Isles vi. xxxv, Though ne'er the leopards on thy shield Retreated from so sad a field, Since Norman William came.
c. A gold coin, having on the obverse a lion passant guardant, struck by Edward III, c 1344, and by the Black Prince, for circulation in France.
In the proclamation authorizing its issue 18 Edw. III, it is called ‘a gold coin with one leopard’, and is stated to be of the value of a florin of Florence. A coin called leopardus auri is mentioned in a monastic document of Bordeaux dated by Du Cange a 1305; but the date may be an error.
†d. The leopard's (i.e. lion's) head seems to have been used as an assay-mark for silver. Obs.
1423Rolls of Parlt. IV. 257/1 That no Goldsmyth..nor other Man that worketh Selver Hernois, put noon therof to the sale..or that it be touched wyth the touche of the Liberdisheed.
4. a. The fur of the leopard. Also, the skin of the leopard; a coat made from this.
1490Will of Peyton (Somerset Ho.), Gown..furred wt lybbards. 1506Ld. Treas. Acc. Scotl. (1901) III. 249 It [ane cote] was lynyt with leopardis. 1924Vogue early Sept. 42 (caption) Even smarter..is a suède coat lined and trimmed with leopard. 1930M. Bachrach Fur xv. 197 All Leopards are open-handled and..there is very little natural grease on the skin. 1938― Selling Furs Successfully ix. 91 It is preferable when manufacturing Leopards into garments that as few seams as possible show after the garments are finished. 1951R. T. Wilcox Mode in Furs vii. 157 Such peltries as bear, lynx, fox, wolf and goat were popular though lamb, civet cat and leopard are noted too [in the early 20th century]. Ibid. 208 (caption) Hooded circular cape of Somali leopard. 1973E. McBain Let's hear It iii. 44 ‘My good jewelry..[has] gone.’ ‘Anything else?’ ‘Two furs. A leopard and an otter.’
b. attrib. or quasi-adj. Made of leopard skin or material resembling leopard skin.
1772Town & County Mag. 71 To consult about the cut of his next coat, or the trimming of his next leopard sourtout. 1938M. Bachrach Selling Furs Successfully ix. 100 ‘This Leopard coat is rather heavy’ is sometimes remarked by customers. 1951R. T. Wilcox Mode in Furs vii. 199 (caption) Leopard jacket belted with dark blue antelope—leopard gloves with antelope palms. 1958Listener 28 Aug. 316/3 Scowling Continental ‘helps’ in leopard slacks. 1974Times 11 Nov. 28/7, 1 sable, skins worked down; 1 absolutely beautiful dark leopard coat. Both made by top furriers.
5. sea leopard = leopard-seal: see sea.
6. attrib. and Comb., as leopard skin, leopard spot, leopard whelp; leopard-coloured, leopard-like leopard-spotted adjs.; leopard-man, one who has charge of a leopard; a member of a leopard society (see below); leopard-skin attrib., made of leopard skin; resembling a leopard skin in appearance; mottled; leopard-skin chief, priest, among the Nuer people of East Africa, a mediator or arbitrator who settles disputes (so called from the leopard skin which by custom he wears); leopard society, in West Africa, a native secret society whose members dress as leopards and attack their victims in the manner of leopards.
1847Emerson Poems 73 Gayest pictures rose to win me, *Leopard-coloured rills. 1889W. B. Yeats Wanderings of Oisin 78 Or in autumnal solitudes Arise the leopard-coloured trees.
1611Cotgr., Leopardé, *libbard-like. 1647Ward Simp. Cobler 5 The Religion of that place was but motly and meagre, their affections Leopard-like.
1390–1Earl Derby's Exped. (Camden) 257 Item pro lecto, vino, candelis et pro aliis expensis, per le *libardman ibidem, j scut. 1929F. W. Butt-Thompson W. Afr. Secret Soc. xiv. 283 Tongo-players, the Sierra Leonean society..said to have been started about the Eighties..as an organisation of leopard-men hunters. 1936G. Griffin tr. Schebesta's My Pygmy & Negro Hosts iv. 67, I think that I have been the first to obtain any detailed information about these ‘Anyoto’—the dreadful ‘leopard-men’. 1973G. Gale in Johnson & Gale Highland Jaunt ii. iv. 143 He now was happy..telling the bar about the Leopard Men in West Africa.
1599Hakluyt Voy. II. i. 113 Coates of the Turkes fashion, of *Libard skinnes. 1739Will in Payne Eng. Cath. (1889) 55 My leopard-skin saddle trimmed with gold fringe. 1895F. B. & W. H. Workman Algerian Memories x. 93 Besides the oasis of Biskra..a number of others were visible, the dark colour of which, contrasting with the lighter hues of the plain, gave the leopard-skin appearance. 1929E. Sitwell Gold Coast Customs 8 Courie shells..outline The leopardskin musty Leaves. 1975Times 25 Feb. 6/7 Bagpipers of the Royal [Nepalese] Army in leopard-skin gaiters.
1940E. E. Evans-Pritchard Nuer iv. 190 There is no central administration, the *leopard-skin Chief being a ritual agent whose functions are to be interpreted in terms of the structural mechanism of the feud. 1956― Nuer Relig. iv. 110 In this particular ceremony several groups were opposed to each other, and the leopard-skin priest was acting in his priestly capacity as mediator between them. 1959G. D. Mitchell Sociol. v. 89 If one man kills another he will go immediately to a person known as a leopard-skin chief... He is in no sense a chief but rather a person who performs certain ritual acts.
1915K. J. Beatty Human Leopards i. 6 To deal with this extraordinary class of crime the Government of the Colony of Sierra Leone decided that drastic and exceptional legislation was necessary, and a Bill entitled the Human *Leopard Society Ordinance, 1895, was introduced and passed. 1929F. W. Butt-Thompson W. Afr. Secret Soc. i. 20 Most of the criminal associations are ‘animal’ societies... They include Alligator, Baboon, Boa, Leopard, Panther societies. 1968Encycl. Brit. XIII. 975/2 There were many leopard societies, of which the most renowned was the anyota society of the Bali tribe, eastern Congo.
1939T. S. Eliot Old Possum's Pract. Cats 13 Her coat is of the tabby kind, with tiger stripes and *leopard spots. 1972Times 23 Nov. 8/2 The presence of communist cadres within Government-held areas could produce more ‘leopard spots’, to use the accepted phrase, than the map [of S. Vietnam] suggests.
1931V. Woolf Waves 239 Different lights fall, making the ordinary *leopard-spotted and strange.
1884Symonds Shaks. Predecessors vii. §3. 262 She..led lyric poetry, like a tamed *leopard-whelp.
b. in the names of animals, etc. spotted or marked like the leopard, as leopard cat, (a) the African wild cat, Felis Serval; (b) the wild cat of India and the Malay Archipelago, F. bengalensis; (c) the American ocelot, F. pardalis; leopard frog U.S., a green frog with black markings, Rana pipiens; leopard lily orig. U.S., a name used for several spotted lilies, esp. Lilium pardalinum (cf. panther-lily (panther 5)); leopard-mackerel, a scombrid fish, Scomber leopardus Shaw, Cybium interruptum Cuv., common in India; leopard moth, a collector's name for a large white black-spotted moth, Zeuzera æsculi or Z. pyrina; leopard-seal, -shell (see quots.); leopard-spotted goby, a small brown goby with orange spots, Gobius forsteri, found close to the shore in parts of the western coast of Britain and France; leopard-tortoise, Testudo pardalis; leopard-tree Austral., a name for either of two species of Flindersia, F. maculosa or F. collina; also used for the South American tree Cæsalpinia ferrea; leopard-wood, (a) the wood of a S. American tree, Brosimum Aubletii; (b) Austral. = leopard-tree.
1773Gentl. Mag. XLIII. 219 The *Leopard Cat. 1863Speke Discov. Nile 273 A..young man, who had the skin of a leopard-cat..tied round his neck. 1884Riverside Nat. Hist. (1888) V. 459 The Leopard Cat (Felis bengalensis) is either very variable in color and markings, or there are, as enumerated by Dr. Gray, four or five distinct species.
1839D. H. Storer in Storer & Peabody Rep. Fishes, Reptiles & Birds Mass. 237 Rana halecina..[is] better known in this state as the *leopard frog from its ocellated appearance. 1840Thoreau Jrnl. 16 June in Writings (1906) VII. 141 Twelve hours of genial and familiar converse with the leopard frog. 1948Sierra Club Bull. (San Franciso) Mar. 140 Migration is a part of the story of the American merganser, hibernation of the leopard frog. 1973Sci. Amer. Oct. 26/3 The leopard frog (Rana pipiens) is particularly susceptible to a kidney carcinoma.
1902Out West Sept. 349 The *leopard-lily lights the heather dun. 1938J. H. McFarland et al. Garden Bulbs 136 Lilium pardalinum. Sometimes called the Western Tiger Lily, this highly esteemed California native also has the common names of Leopard Lily and Panther Lily. 1949H. Moldenke Amer. Wild Flowers 323 A great favorite of the Southeast is the leopard lily or pine lily, L. catesbaei, found in pinelands and acid swamps on the coastal plain from North Carolina to Florida and Louisiana. 1969Hay & Synge Dict. Garden Plants 318/2 [Lilium] pardalinum Leopard Lily. Summer. Fl[ower] turkscap, orange flushed and spotted with red or maroon, pendulous.
1862Beveridge Hist. India I. Introd. 12 The *leopard-mackerel and the mango fish.
1819G. Samouelle Entomol. Compend. 246 Zeuzera æsculi (wood *leopard⁓moth). 1870J. R. S. Clifford in Eng. Mech. 21 Jan. 449/3 A memorable wood-boring..caterpillar is that of the Leopard Moth (Zeuzera æsculi).
1894Royal Nat. Hist. (ed. Lydekker) II. 142 The *leopard-seal (Ogmorhinus leptonyx) may be taken as the best known representative of four genera confined to the Southern and Antarctic Seas... The leopard-seal or, as it is often called, the sea-leopard.
1711Phil. Trans. XXVII. 350 A neat Rhombus, spotted with black and white, call'd therefore by some the *Leopard Shell.
1959A. Hardy Fish & Fisheries x. 212 Mr. P. G. Corbin..is naming it after its discoverer, Gobius forsteri; it will also be known by the English name of *leopard-spotted goby. 1971Nature 30 Apr. 581/1 Closer examination should reveal the presence of the leopard-spotted goby along the Scottish west coast.
1880Cassell's Nat. Hist. IV. 252 The Ethiopian region of natural history has the greatest number of species of Tortoises, and the *Leopard Tortoise (Testudo pardalis),..and the little Geometric Tortoise are familiar examples.
1927Austral. Encycl. I. 474/2 F[lindersia] maculosa (*Leopard Tree, so called from its spotted trunk) is a small tree (20–30 feet), found in the dry interior. 1933Bulletin (Sydney) 20 Sept. 20/2 The leopard tree starts as a straggly, spiny bush, from the centre of which the stem shoots up. 1965Austral. Encycl. V. 288/2 Leopard-tree, a name used for two species of Flindersia—the graceful inland F. maculosa, which has spotted bark, and the tall rain-forest species F. collina (broad⁓leaved leopard tree or leopard ash). The South American tree Caesalpinia ferrea, much grown as an ornamental flowering and shade tree in coastal Queensland, is also called leopard-tree and leopard-wood.
1859Handbk. Turning 41 Partridge and *leopard woods. 1888F. M. Bailey Queensland Woods 76 F[lindersia] maculosa... Spotted tree or leopard-wood... Wood bright yellow, nicely marked. 1911C. E. W. Bean ‘Dreadnought’ of Darling xv. 140 It seems a wonder that Australians on the coast do not make a much bigger use of these delicate Western trees for their gardens, especially the leopard-wood. 1936F. Clune Roaming round Darling xviii. 177 Spotted a splendid leopard-wood, reputed to attract lightning more than any other tree. |