| 释义 |
vitreous, a.|ˈvɪtrɪəs|
Also 8 vitrious.
[f. L. vitre-us of glass, glassy, bright, etc., f. vitrum glass, vitrum: see -ous. Cf. F. vitreux, -euse.]
1. a. Of or belonging to, consisting or composed of, glass; of the nature of glass; glassy. vitreous silica, an amorphous, translucent or transparent form of silica obtained by rapid quenching from the molten state.
1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. ii. i. 51 Calcination or reducing it by Arte, into a subtile powder, by which way and a vitreous commixture, glasses are sometime made hereof. 1711Shaftesbury Charac. III. 15 The tumid Bladder bounds at every Kick, bursts the withstanding Casements, the Chassys, Lanterns, and all the brittle vitrious Ware. 1784Cowper Task v. 161 Mirrour needed none Where all was vitreous. 1791W. Hamilton Berthollet's Dyeing II. ii. iv. iv. 275 A vessel of earthenware with a vitreous coat. 1827Faraday Chem. Manip. vii. (1842) 224 Glass would then be easily acted upon, and..the product obtained would not be pure, but a combination, with part of the vitreous matter. 1852Dickens Repr. P., Plated Article, Of course, you saw the glaze—composed of various vitreous materials—laid over every article. 1882Geikie Text-bk. Geol. ii. ii. §4. 105 The final stiffening of a vitreous mass into solid stone. 1925J. W. Mellor Comprehensive Treat. Inorg. & Theoret. Chem. VI. xl. 288 Various names are applied to the vitrified quartz—thus, quartz-glass, vitreous-silica, fused quartz,..etc. 1971Materials & Technol. II. i. 22 Transparent vitreous silica is used for the production of lenses..and other optical elements which are required to transmit ultraviolet or infra-red rays.
fig.1836New Monthly Mag. XLVI. 206 He had left the vitreous and mercurial clime of France..for the voluptuous and indolent air of Italy.
b. Geol. and Min. Resembling glass in brittleness, hardness, lustre, and mode of cleavage.
1774in Forster Voy. (1777) I. 587 Some of them carried arms,..which were headed with a black vitreous lava. 1796Kirwan Elem. Min. (ed. 2) I. 409 All real lavas except those of the vitreous kind affect the magnetic needle, unless the iron they contain be much oxygenated. 1811Pinkerton Petral. I. 45 There are..evidences of a vitreous lava in one of the isles of Faroe. 1849Murchison Siluria iii. 38 It is often intersected by veins of vitreous quartz. 1855Orr's Circ. Sci., Geol., etc. 498 Redruthite.—Vitreous Copper. Prismatic Copper Glance. 1868Watts Dict. Chem. V. 306 Vitreous Silver. Native argentic sulphide. 1882Geikie Text-Bk. Geol. ii. ii. §4. 100 Crystallites..seem to be earlier or peculiar forms of crystallization developed..in many vitreous rocks.
c. Chem. Resembling glass in composition.
1800tr. Lagrange's Chem. I. 369 There remains in the retort a vitreous mass,..which is very pure arsenic acid. 1826Henry Elem. Chem. I. 363 Equal parts of potassium and very pure and vitreous boracic acid were put into a copper tube. 1866Roscoe Elem. Chem. xiv. 122 Like sulphur, it is capable of existing in various allotropic modifications, one of which is crystalline, the other vitreous.
d. Anat. and Zool. (See quots.)
(a)1858Humphry Hum. Skeleton 206 The separation of the outer and inner tables of the skull by the intervening diplöe... The inner, or ‘vitreous’ table, which is the most dense. 1866Chambers's Encycl. VIII. 759 An inner dense, brittle, and somewhat glass-like layer, known as the vitreous table or layer.
(b)1873C. W. Thomson Depths of Sea vii. 422 When the first specimen of Hyalonema was brought home, the other vitreous sponges..were unknown. 1879Carpenter in Encycl. Brit. IX. 378/2 The Vitreous Foraminifera may be grouped into three families. Ibid. 385/1 The material of their ‘porcellanous’ or ‘vitreous’ skeletons. 1896tr. Boas' Text Bk. Zool. 121 Vitreous sponges (Hexactinellidæ) are silicious forms, characterised by the striking beauty of the skeleton, which is like spun-glass.
e. vitreous enamel: = enamel n. 1 a, porcelain enamel s.v. porcelain 5. So vitreous-enamelled adj., vitreous enamelling.
1916Chem. Abstr. X. 261 (heading) Vitreous enamels or glazes for pottery, etc. 1939Burns & Schuh Protective Coatings for Metals xvi. 381 Vitreous or porcelain enamels are essentially fused silicates or glasses holding in suspension a colloidal dispersion of color oxides, opacifiers and gases. 1963G. S. Brady Materials Handbk. (ed. 9) 281 Vitreous enameled metals are used for cooking utensils, signs, chemical tanks and piping, [etc.]. 1977R. B. Ross Handbk. Metal Treatments & Testing 389 Vitreous enamelling was very popular in late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. With the advent of new materials, for example, aluminium in cooking ware,..the use of vitreous enamel declined and was confined very largely to articles such as baths. 1984Worthington & Knight Home Plumbing 96/1 Modern materials are less resistant to abrasives than the traditional vitreous enamel.
2.
†a. Med. Of phlegm: Having the thick viscid consistency of molten glass. Obs.
1661Lovell Hist. Anim. & Min. 437 Of phlegme, if salt, from thirst... If vitreous, from fixed paine. 1684tr. Bonet's Merc. Compit. iii. 98 She voided much vitreous phlegm and bilious humours. 1707Floyer Physic. Pulse-Watch 75 A moderate degree of cold produces a sweet Phlegm..and the greatest an Acerbe vitrious slime towards the coldest time of Winter.
b. vitreous humour (or vitreous body), the transparent gelatinous substance occupying the posterior and larger part of the eyeball. † vitreous tunicle (see quot. 1704).
1663Boyle Usef. Exp. Nat. Philos. i. 96 We have sometimes..speedily frozen Eyes, and thereby have turn'd the Vitreous humor into very numerous and Diaphanous Films. 1676Phil. Trans. XI. 747 As to the Vitreous humor, he judges it to be of that nature, that being once lost, it can never be repaired. 1704J. Harris Lex. Techn. I, Vitrious Tunicle, a thin Film, or Coat, which is said to separate the Glassie Humour from the Chrystalline. 1710J. Clarke tr. Rohault's Nat. Philos. (1729) I. 237 The Vitreous Humour..being one of the most transparent Things that we know of in the World. 1793Phil. Trans. LXXXIII. 175 Its elasticity will assist the cellular texture of the vitreous humour..in restoring the indolent form. 1831R. Knox Cloquet's Anat. 559 The Vitreous Body is a soft, perfectly transparent, tremulous mass, occupying the three posterior fourths of the cavity of the ball of the eye. 1877M. Foster Physiol. iii. ii. (1878) 398 The rays of light traverse in succession the cornea, the aqueous humour, the lens and the vitreous humour.
c. ellipt. as n. = vitreous humour above.
1869G. Lawson Dis. Eye (1874) 144 He has succeeded in thus extracting the lens without the loss of any vitreous. 1879St. George's Hosp. Rep. IX. 479 A quantity of the thin fluid vitreous escaped.
3. vitreous electricity, positive electricity obtained from glass by friction.
1759Phil. Trans. LI. 308 Experiments..respecting the vitreous and resinous electricities, as they are called. 1799[see electricity 1 b]. 1840Carlyle Heroes i. (1904) 18 Thunder was not then mere Electricity, vitreous or resinous. 1860Emerson Cond. Life, Wealth Wks. (Bohn) II. 357 The genius of reading and of gardening are antagonistic, like resinous and vitreous electricity. 1879Proctor Pleas. Ways Sc. xi. 238 If glass is briskly rubbed with silk it becomes charged..with positive electricity, formerly called vitreous electricity for this reason.
4. a. Resembling that of glass; characteristic of glass.
1811A. T. Thomson Lond. Disp. (1818) 196 The tears are..brittle, and break with a vitreous fracture. 1841Brande Chem. (ed. 5) 130 This change from the vitreous to the crystalline state sometimes takes place suddenly. 1854Ronalds & Richardson Chem. Technol. (ed. 2) I. 42 They form a..perfectly black mass,..generally possessing a fatty or vitreous lustre. 1863A. C. Ramsay Phys. Geog. i. (1878) 20 Modern lavas have often a vitreous structure (glassy) such as obsidian.
b. Having the colour or appearance of glass.
1874R. Buchanan Pan Poet. Wks. I. 90 What time the pallid sickle wax'd Blue-edged and vitreous o'er the black'ning West. 1882― Annan Water i, The vitreous rays of the moon began playing on the window panes. 1900B. D. Jackson Gloss. Bot. Terms, Vitreous,..transparent, hyaline; formerly used for the light green of glass.
5. Comb., as vitreous-like, vitreous-shelled adjs.
1879Carpenter in Encycl. Brit. IX. 378/1 The vitreous-shelled Foraminifera constitute the most elevated division of the group. 1902Westm. Gaz. 22 Sept. 6/3 Some of the finer wares will break showing a vitreous-like substance.
Hence ˈvitreousness.
1727Bailey (vol. II), and later Dicts. |