| 释义 |
lentil|ˈlɛntɪl|
Forms: 4–6, 8 lentille, 5 lentylle, 6 lintell, lyntell(e, 6–8 lintel, 6–9 lentile, 7 lentill, lintile, ? lintle, 3– lentil.
[a. F. lentille:—popular L. *lentīcula (= class.L. lenticula), dim. of lent-: see lens n.
The other Rom. forms represent the class. L. word with unchanged quantity: Sp. lenteja, Pg. lentilha, It. lenticchia.]
1. a. Chiefly pl., in early use occas. collective sing. The seed of a leguminous plant (Ervum lens, Lens esculenta); also the plant itself, cultivated for food in European countries.
c1250Gen. & Ex. 1488 Iacob An time him seð a mete Ðat man callen lentil ȝete. c1425Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 664/25 Hec lens, lentylle. 1548Turner Names of Herbes 47 Lentilles are sowen in corne fieldes and growe as Tares do. 1577Harrison England ii. vi. (1877) i. 153 Horssecorne, I meane, beanes, otes, tares and lintels [etc.]. 1611Bible 2 Sam. xxiii. 11 A piece of ground full of lentiles. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 331/1 The dreggs of Chaff, and the small Seeds of Tares & Lintels which are in it. 1747tr. Astruc's Fevers 260 Spots, which are here sometimes as big as a lentille. 1795J. Phillips Hist. Inland Navig. Add. 47 Beans, pease, vetches, lintels. 1840Hood Up Rhine 174 Our black bread, and black puddings, and lentils! 1853A. Soyer Pantroph. 58 His corn was exhausted, and his men were obliged to have recourse to lentils! 1877C. Geikie Christ I. xv. 222 [In the bazaar] there were booths for Egyptian lentiles.
†b. A name for duckweed (Lemna). More fully, water lentil [= F. lentilles d'eau]. Obs.
1548Turner Names of Herbes 47 Lens palustris..is called in englishe Duckes meate or water Lentilles, in duch wasser linse. 1579Langham Gard. Health (1633) 355 Kanker to kill, apply water Lentils with Barrows grease. 1579–80North Plutarch (1895) IV. 69 Water lintels which the Romanes take for a token of death and mourning. 1597Gerarde Herbal ii. ccci. (1633) 829 Ducks Meat..some term it..Lentils.
†2. pl. Freckles or spots on the skin. (Cf. ) Obs.
1558–68Warde tr. Alexis' Secr. 30 There is neither spotte nor lyntell or any kynde of redde burgeons in the face of a man, the whiche being washed with this water..will not go out. 1578Lyte Dodoens iii. xxxiv. 365 The iuyce of the roote [of Thapsia] with honie, taketh away all lentils and other spots of the face. 1612Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 80 Wheat flower..cleanseth the face from lentils and spots. 1694Salmon Bate's Dispens. (1713) 689/1 The Face, or other Parts of the Skin troubled with Lentils.
†3. A lentil-shaped metal disc. Obs. rare—1.
1770Phil. Trans. LX. 365 This pendulum, which is no other than a simple steel rod fixed to a lentille, made at Para 98740 oscillations in 24 hours of mean time.
4. A lens-shaped bulb in an apparatus for rectifying alcohol.
In mod. Dicts.
5. Geol. A mass of rock distinct in character and having the shape of a bi-convex lens; spec. one regarded as a subdivision of a formation.
1895J. W. Powell in A. Keith Descr. Knoxville Sheet (U.S. Geol. Survey Atlas), The kinds of rocks are indicated..by appropriate symbols... The following are generally used..Limestones..Lentils in strata. 1910Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. XIX. 177 The gray sandstone of the Grès Noirs more than 20 feet thick, containing a thin irregular lentil of coal. 1953Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists XXXVII. 2410 Formations may be subdivided into members, lentils, ‘tongues’, beds, et cetera. 1970Earth-Sci. Rev. VI. 275 Examples of informal rock units are:..(b) beds (e.g., quarry layer, coal beds, oil sands, tongues, lentils, etc.).
6. attrib. and Comb., as lentil-broth, lentil-form, lentil-porridge, lentil-pottage, lentil-seed, lentil-soup: lentil-grey, lentil-shaped adjs.; † lentil-dew [a. F. lentille d'eau] = sense 1 b; lentil-ore, -powder (see quots.); † lentil-pulse = 1; lentil-shell (Zool.), the genus Ervillia.
1820W. Tooke tr. Lucian I. 553 note, The *lentil-broth was boiled and served up with fowls and vegetables in it.
1800W. Taylor in Robberds Mem. (1843) I. 345 *Lentil-dew, a name given to the duckweed..in old herbals.
1900Daily News 9 Apr. 5/6 Lady A...was dressed in *lentil-grey cloth.
1896Chester Dict. Names Min., *Lentil-ore, an early name for liroconite, because its crystals are lentil-shaped.
1622Mabbe tr. Aleman's Guzman d'Alj. ii. 275 Vpon fish-dayes we had a messe of *lentill porrige.
1649Jer. Taylor Gt. Exemp. iii. Disc. xiv. 27 He prefers a dish of red *lentill pottage before a venison.
1885Cassell's Encycl. Dict., *Lentil-powder, Pharm., a powder made of the pulverized seeds of the lentil.
1660Howell Lex. Tetragl., A *Lentil pulse, or lentle; lentille.
1555Eden Decades 102 Certayne smaule graynes of golde no bygger then *lintell seedes. 1607Topsell Hist. Four-f. Beasts (1658) 65 Take thereof the quantity of a Lintel seed.
1796Withering Brit. Plants (ed. 3) IV. 11 Tubercles *lentil-shaped.
1851Woodward Mollusca 313 Ervilia, Turton. *Lentil-shell.
1820W. Tooke tr. Lucian I. 553 That the cook may..from inadvertence pour the fish-brine into their *lentil-soup. |