| 释义 |
▪ I. ledge, n.|lɛdʒ|
Forms: 4–6 legge, 6 lege, legg, 7 ledg, 6– ledge.
[c gray][Possibly a ME. formation from legge (lɛdʒə[/c]) lay v. The various senses of the n. admit of being accounted for by this supposition: cf. lay n., and MHG. legge, lecke, stratum, layer, edge, border.
The ON. lǫgg fem., rim of a cask (see lag n.) is commonly quoted as cognate, but it is doubtful whether it even belongs to the same root, as it may represent an OTeut. type *lawwâ. One example of ONF. lege, app. ‘ledge’ of leather put on a packsaddle, is given by Godef.; the F. word may possibly be the proximate source, in which case the ultimate etym. is prob. Teut.]
1. a. A transverse bar or strip of wood or other material fixed upon a door, gate, piece of furniture, or the like. Now dial. and techn.
c1330Arth. & Merlin 5673 He toke þe gate bi þe legge & slong hem vp at his rigge. c1440Promp. Parv. 293/2 Legge, ouer twarte byndynge [MS. S. ouer wart, MS. P. ledge], ligatorium. 1453Mem. Ripon (Surtees) III. 160 Legges de ligno emptis eidem stabulo, vidz. hostio ejusdem. 1504Nottingham Rec. III. 322 For vj legges to þe same dore. 1530Palsgr. 238/1 Ledge of a dore, barre. Ibid., Ledge of a shelfe, apoy, estaye. 1566Churchw. Acc. St. Dunstan's, Canterbury, Payed for bordes and palles [i.e. pales] and leges for the gatte xvjd. 1638MS. Acc. St. John's Hosp., Canterb., A dayes worke in sawinge of ledges and quarters for the steeple. 1741Richardson Pamela (1824) I. 86, I clambered up upon the ledges of the door, and upon the lock which was a great wooden one. a1825Forby Voc. E. Anglia, Ledge, a bar of a gate or stile; of a chair, table, &c. 1825,1881[see ledge-door in sense 6].
b. Joinery. One of the sides of a rebate, as that against which a door closes; (see quot.). ledge(d) and brace(d) door (see quots.).
1842Gwilt Archit. Gloss. s.v., Ledges of doors are the narrow surfaces wrought upon jambs and sofites parallel to the wall to stop the door, so that when it is shut the ledges coincide with the surface of the door... In temporary work the ledges of doors are formed by fillets. 1901J. Black Illustr. Carpenter & Builder Ser.: Home Handicrafts ii. 19 (caption) Elevation and vertical section of what is termed a ledge and brace door. 1904Goodchild & Tweney Technol. & Sci. Dict. 352/1 Ledged and braced door, the same as a ledged door, with the addition of braces or pieces of wood running diagonally across between the opposite ends of two successive ledges. 1957N.Z. Timber Jrnl. Oct. 73/1 Ledged-and-braced door, a door similar to a batten door, but framed diagonally with braces across the back, between the battens.
c. Naut. pl. (See quots.)
1676Coles, Ledges, small Timbers, coming thwart ships (from the wast-trees to the Roof-Trees) to bear up the Nettings. 1769Falconer Dict. Marine (1780), Ledges,..small pieces of timber placed athwartships, under the decks of a ship, in the intervals between the beams. 1776G. Semple Building in Water 36 After it is floored, there must be Ledges nailed on to give firm Hold to the Feet of the Men. c1850Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 129 Ledges, oak or fir scantling used in framing the decks, which are let into the carlings athwartships. The ledges for gratings are similar, but arch or round-up agreeable to the head-ledges.
d. Arch. (See quots.)
1611Cotgr., Cymace, a ledge, or outward member in Architecture, fashioned somewhat like a Roman S, and tearmed a Waue, or Ogee. 1828Webster, Ledge..4. A small molding. 1875Knight Dict. Mech., Ledge,..a small moulding, as the Doric drop-ledge. 1889Century Dict., Ledge, in arch. a string-course.
2.
†a. A ‘lip’ or raised edging running along the extremity of a board or similar object. Obs.
1535Coverdale 1 Kings vii. 28 The seate was made so, that it had sydes betwene the ledges [Luther: Leisten]. ― Ezek. xliii. 13 This is the measure of the aulter..his botome in the myddest was a cubite longe and wyde, and the ledge [Luther: Rand] that wente rounde aboute it, was a spanne brode. 1599A. M. tr. Gabelhouer's Bk. Physicke 163/2 A boarde which hath round aboute ledges. 1802M. Edgeworth Moral T. (1806) I. 244, I at first set this vase upon the ledge of the tray, and it was nearly falling.
b. Printing.
1683Moxon Mech. Exerc., Printing 195 The Ledges of the Dressing-sticks. Ibid. 218 Placing the first Line close and upright against the lower ledge of the Galley, and the beginning of his Lines close and upright against the left hand Ledge of the Galley. 1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v. Printing, From the right side of this plate arises a ledge about half an inch high..serving to sustain the letters. 1808C. Stower Printer's Gram. 199 The page being tied up, the compositor removes it pretty far from the ledges of the galley.
3. a. A narrow horizontal surface, formed by the top of some vertical structure, or by the top of some projection in the vertical face of a wall or the like.
1558in C. Welch Tower Bridge (1894) 87 For twoo powles for the water drawenge at the legg on the bridge. 1641Bp. Hall Mischief of Faction Rem. Wks. 77 We are like some fond spectators, that when they see the puppets acting upon the ledge, think they move alone. 1715Desaguliers Fires Impr. 130 Make two Ledges in the Chimney,..that the [Register] Plate may go down no further when it shuts close. 1814Scott Ld. of Isles v. xxxi, The warder next his axe's edge Struck down upon the threshold ledge. 1833Tennyson Miller's Dau. 84 You were leaning from the ledge. 1852–61Archit. Publ. Soc. Dict., Ledge of a window, or window ledge, a name often given to a rounded window board, when the brickwork under the window is of the same thickness at the sill as the rest of the wall. 1861M. Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 45 On every projecting ledge of the heavy wainscot, was displayed..the silver and pewter plate. 1874J. T. Micklethwaite Mod. Par. Churches 180, I have known clocks to be let into the ledge of the pulpit.
b. A shelf-like projection on the side of a rock or mountain.
1732T. Lediard Sethos II. ix. 286 This stone shew'd..a ledge which open'd a way to a sort of cave. 1748Anson's Voy. ii. viii. 218 In some parts it ran sloping with a rapid but uniform motion, while in others it tumbled over the ledges of rocks with a perpendicular descent. 1850S. Dobell Roman ii. Poet. Wks. (1875) 26 That breezy ledge of genial rock. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. xiv. 94 The face of a cliff..afforded us about an inch of ledge to stand upon. 1871L. Stephen Playgr. Europe iii. (1894) 78 We clung to the crannies and ledges of the rock. 1888F. Hume Mad. Midas i. Prol., They were hanging on a narrow ledge of rock midway between earth and sky.
c. Fortif. = berm.
1729,1850[see berm 1]. 1852–61Archit. Publ. Soc. Dict., Ledge is applied to the ‘bench’ or ‘berm’ left on the face of a cutting.
d. Meteorol. A layer in the ionosphere corresponding to a point of inflexion in a graph of ionization density against height, i.e. a layer in which the ionization increases less rapidly with height than in the regions immediately above and below it.
1949Gloss. Terms Radio Propagation (B.S.I.) 5 Distributions in which the vertical gradient [of ionization] falls to a minimum value greater than zero are sometimes referred to as ‘ledges’. 1960Ratcliffe & Weekes in J. A. Ratcliffe Physics Upper Atmosphere ix. 437 The complicated loss process..stimulates recombination so that an F1 ledge is produced. 1967Proc. IEEE LV. 17/1 Within the F region the main features of the vertical distribution of electrons are the F1 ‘ledge’ at about 160 to 200 km..and the F2 ‘peak’ which generally lies between 250 and 400 km.
4. A ridge of rocks, esp. such as are near the shore beneath the surface of the sea; † a range of mountains or hills (obs.); a ridge of earth.
1555Eden Decades 351 There is a ledge of rockes on the southeast parte of the rode. 1626Capt. Smith Accid. Yng. Seamen 18 A shoule, a ledge of rockes. 1652–62Heylin Cosmogr. iii. (1673) 57/1 We must cross Mount Hermon a ledg of Hills, which..bend directly South. 1658Evelyn Fr. Gard. (1675) 13 Break away the ledge of earth. 1699W. Dampier Voy. II. ii. 25 To the North of these Islands lyes a long ledge of Rocks bending like a Bow. 1725De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 63 A pretty high ledge of hills. 1762Falconer Shipwr. ii. 835 That buoyant lumber may sustain you o'er The rocky shelves and ledges to the shore. 1769― Dict. Marine (1780), Ledge is also a long ridge of rocks, near the surface of the sea. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Ledge, a compact line of rocks running parallel to the coast, and which is not unfrequent opposite sandy beaches. 1887Bowen Virg. æneid i. 108 Three of the ships on invisible ledges the South winds drave. 1891S. C. Scrivener Our Fields & Cities 31 We have a view of the first principal ‘ledge’ of land above the Fen country.
†5.
a. A course or layer. Obs.
1624Wotton Archit. 25 That the lowest Ledge or Row be meerely of Stone, and the broader the better, closely layed without Morter. Ibid. 29 That certain courses or Ledges of more strength then the rest, be interlayed like Bones,..to sustaine the Fabrique from totall ruine, if the vnder parts should decay.
b. Mining. A stratum of metal-bearing rock; also, a quartz-vein.
1847Emerson Poems, House Wks. (Bohn) I. 472 She ransacks mines and ledges, And quarries every rock. 1863Ansted Gt. Stone Bk. Nat. ii. vi. 97 The half-crystalline quartz that forms reefs or ledges,—the local name for veins and bands of quartz in sandstone rock. 1872Raymond Statist. Mines & Mining 27 The ledges are small, and mostly lie flat, but are very rich. 1883Stevenson Silverado Sq. 211 Every miner that ever worked upon it says there's bound to be a ledge somewhere.
6. attrib., as ledge formation, ledge matter, ledge rock; ledge-door = ledged-door; ledge-handle, a handle of distinctive shape found on Bronze Age ware.
1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 589 A transverse piece, called a ledge nailed across, from which the door derives the name of a *ledge-door. 1881Young Every Man his own Mechanic §832. 384 We may look on them [doors] speaking generally as divided into ledge doors and framed doors.
1882Rep. to Ho. Repr. Prec. Met. U.S. 109 An unmistakable *ledge formation carrying quartz the entire distance.
1891W. M. F. Petrie Tell el Hesy vii. 42 The *ledge-handles are very striking and quite unknown elsewhere. They belonged to large vessels with upright sides... The ledge is of various degrees... Sometimes it is very deeply and sharply waved..or else slightly curved,..or merely nicked,..or lastly a plain ledge.., without ornament or hollow. 1949W. F. Albright Archæol. of Palestine iv. 78 The envelope ledge-handle. This name, given it by P. L. O. Guy, is derived from the fact that the laps of the pushed-up ledge-handle,..are now folded over and fastened down as neatly as though each lap were the flap of an envelope. 1952V. G. Childe New Light Most Anc. East (ed. 4) xi. 230 Four occupational layers are superimposed at Ghassul, and some rather suspicious ledge-handles are figured from the site. 1972Y. Yadin Hazor iii. x. 121 Large and deep bowls with ledge-handles.
1882Rep. to Ho. Repr. Prec. Met. U.S. 262 At the depth it [a mine] has now attained, the *ledge matter is larger and richer than at any previous period of its history.
1894Outing (U.S.) XXIV. 339/2 Up and down the mountains over *ledge rock that spread out like stair steps.
▪ II. ledge, v.1 Obs. exc. dial.
Also 4–7 lege, legge, 5 leadge.
[Aphetic form of alegge, aledge allege v.2 (Perhaps sometimes confused with ME. legge, dial. form of lay: see lay v.)]
= allege v.2 Also ˈledging vbl. n.
a1300Cursor M. 28646 He..leghges [Cotton Galba MS. aledges] for him no for-þi þat he na scrift mai vnderly. Ibid. 28679 If þis man..for-sakes penance neuer þe lese, and legges febulnes of flexse. 1387–8T. Usk Test. Love i. vii. (Skeat) l. 73 [They] shoulden seen the same sentence, thei legen on other, spring out of their sides, with so many branches, it wer impossible to nomber. 1401Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 41 Thou leggist oft Goddis lawe, bot to a false entente. a1500Chester Pl. (Shaks. Soc.) II. 187 Wher is the barron wher is the knighte for me to leadge the lawe? a1500Chaucer's Dreme 816 He said it was nothing fitting To void pity his own legging. c1530Crt. of Love 1065 So he hath begon To reson fast, and legge auctorite. 1556Lauder Tractate 428 For all thare ledgin of the lawis. 1596Shakes. Tam. Shr. i. ii. 28 Nay 'tis no matter sir, what he leges in Latine. 1867Gregor Banffs. Gloss., Ledge, (1) to throw out suspicions; as, ‘A’ bodie's beginnin' t' ledge it he's nae far fae the brackan’. (2) With the preposition upon, to accuse; as ‘They ledge upon 'im it he cheatit the minister wee the sellan o's coo'.
▪ III. ledge, v.2 rare.
[f. ledge n.]
1. intr. To form a ledge.
1598Stow Surv. xvi. (1603) 139 Euery Boorde ledging ouer other. 1879Jefferies Wild Life in S. Co. 98 It [snow] melts on the south of every furrow leaving a white line where it has ledged on the northern side.
2. trans. To furnish with ledges (obs.); to form as a ledge.
1599Nashe Lenten Stuffe Wks. (Grosart) V. 231 The burdensome detrimentes of our hauen, which euery twelue⁓month deuoures a Justice of peace liuing, in weares and banckes to beat off the sand, and ouerthwart ledging and fencing it in. 1845Talfourd Vac. Rambles I. 239 The road..sometimes pierced through the blasted rock, sometimes ledged along it.
Add:3. To place or rest (an object) on a ledge, or in a position offering only narrow or slight support.
1926A. Bennett Lord Raingo ii. lxxxvi. 403 She ledged a large photograph of Delphine against the foot of the bed. 1960T. Hughes Lupercal 37, I could lean over The upper edge of the high half door, My left foot ledged on the hinge.
▪ IV. ledge
obs. and dial. form of lay v.1 |