| 释义 |
sunshine, n.|ˈsʌnʃaɪn|
Also 3 sunnesin-e, 6 son(ne)shyne, -shine, 6–7 sunneshine, (7 sunschyne, -schene), 6– sun-shine, sunshine.
[ME. sunnesin-e (which appears very much earlier than shine n.) had prob. a similar origin to that of sunrise: see quot. c 1250. But cf. OFris. sunna skin, (M)LG. sunnenschîn, MDu. sonnescijn (Du. zonneschijn), MHG. sunne(n)schîn (early mod.G. sunnen-, sonne-, sunschein, G. sonnenschein). OE. had sunscín, glossing ‘speculum’ = mirror.]
1. a. The shining of the sun; direct sunlight uninterrupted by cloud.
c1250Gen. & Ex. 3335–7 Ilc man is he bead,..Him gaderen or ðe sunne-sine, Elles he sulden missen hine, For it malt at ðe sunne-sine. 1535Coverdale Job viii. 16 Oft tymes a thinge doth florish, and men thynke that it maye abyde the Sonneshyne. 1588Lambarde Eiren. iv. 372, I shall as the saying is, but set a Candle in the sunne-shine. 1612Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 206 As cleere, as the Sun-shine is at mid-day. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 473 A Cot that opens to the South prepare: Where basking in the Sun-shine they may lye. 1781Cowper Let. to J. Newton 28 May, You seldom complain of too much sunshine..the south walk in our long garden will exactly suit you. 1840Dickens Old C. Shop xv, Sunshine peeping through some little window. 1842Loudon Suburban Hort. 566 The gooseberry may be forced in pots... The temperature is never allowed to be high, and abundance of air is given during sunshine. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. xvii. 119 There was a long fight between mist and sunshine.
†b. with a and pl. A burst or spell of sunshine.
1601Shakes. All's Well v. iii. 33, I am not a day of season, For thou maist see a sun-shine, and a haile In me at once. 1611Mure Misc. Poems i. 56 Lyk to a fair sunschyne befoir a schoure. 1657J. Watts Scribe, Pharisee, etc. i. 177 To partake of the benefit of the Sun-shines and Rains. 1747Gould Eng. Ants 62 They take the Opportunity of a Sun⁓shine to disperse in the Air.
c. with poss. adj.: cf. light n. 1 g and quot. 1390 in sun n.1 4.
a1774Tucker Lt. Nat. (1834) II. 72 The plain man..may say..as Diogenes did to Alexander, ‘Only please to stand out of my sun-shine’.
d. to have been in the sunshine (slang), to be drunk: cf. sun n.1 4 b (c).
1857Geo. Eliot Scenes Clerical Life, Janet's Repent. i. 52 He was in that condition which his groom indicated with poetic ambiguity by saying that ‘master had been in the sunshine’.
2. fig. (often with literal phraseology retained).
a. A source of happiness or prosperity. Now freq. as a colloq. form of address to any person. Cf. also (little) ray of sunshine s.v. ray n.1 1 e.
1595T. P. Goodwine Blanchardyn liv. 213 Is she gon, the comfort of my youth..the sonshine of my blisse? 1866B. Taylor Poems, Neighbor 22 Ye are the sunshine of the earth. 1901Harper's Mag. CII. 798/2 He always used to say, ‘Well, how is mamma's little sunshine to-day? 1942Berrey & Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang §184/1 Hap, Happy, Sunshine, a cheerful person. 1972M. Gilbert Body of Girl iv. 43 Hullo, Sunshine. What can we do for you? 1976P. Cave High Flying Birds ii. 17, I turned back to the ticket man. ‘OK now, sunshine?’ 1976Daily Mirror 16 Mar. 12/1 Mike Reid's cheery Cockney greeting seems to switch on every girl in the place. ‘Hello sunshine,’ he says.
b. A favourable or gracious influence.
a1596Sir T. More iv. v. 98 The rest..haue had fayre time to growe In sun-shine of my fortunes. 1597Shakes. 2 Hen. IV, iv. ii. 12 That man that sits within a Monarches heart, And ripens in the Sunne-shine of his fauor. 1598Florio Dict. Ep. Ded. a 3 b, To me..the glorious and gracious sunne-shine of your Honor hath infused light and life. 1741–2Gray Agrippina 147 The gilded swarm that wantons in the sunshine Of thy full favour. 1868Freeman Norm. Conq. II. ix. (1877) 367 They were to be allowed to bask in the sunshine of the court.
c. A condition or atmosphere of happiness or prosperity.
1593Shakes. 3 Hen. VI, ii. ii. 156 Euen then that Sun-shine brew'd a showre for him, That washt his Fathers fortunes forth of France. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage vii. xii. 597 Henrie, the Infanta of Portugall, that day-starre, which by his industrie made way to the present Sun-shine of discoueries. 1665Boyle Occas. Refl. (1848) 67 Those, that during the Sun-shine of prosperity are beset with seeming Friends. 1696Tate & Brady Ps. xxx. 6 Whilst in my Sun⁓shine of Success No low'ring Cloud appear'd. 1779Mirror No. 43 ⁋8 It would have been inhuman in our philosopher to have clouded, even with a doubt, the sunshine of this belief. 1826Disraeli Viv. Grey ii. iii, In the meantime all was sunshine with Vivian Grey. 1862M. E. Braddon Lady Audley xxxvi, There had never been anything but harmony and sunshine between Lucy Audley and her generous husband.
d. Happiness or cheerfulness of mind or heart; sunny disposition.
1742Gray Eton 44 The sunshine of the breast. c1836Carlyle in Academy 17 Sept. (1898) 273/3 Particularly endeavour to keep a good heart... Sunshine in the inside of one is even more important than sunshine without. 1850W. Irving Goldsmith xxxix. 370 In these genial moments..the sunshine of Goldsmith's nature would break out.
3. transf. Light or brightness resembling or suggesting that of the sun; brightness of the eye or the countenance.
1588Shakes. L.L.L. v. ii. 201 Vouchsafe to shew the sun⁓shine of your face. 1839Lytton Richelieu iv. i, Deaf to the music of a woman's voice—Blind to the sunshine of a woman's eyes. 1901W. C. Russell Ship's Adv. iv, With the stateliness of a frigate she broke into a sunshine of canvas.
4. attrib. and Comb. Simple attrib. and objective (with reference to indicating or recording sunshine), as sunshine map, sunshine record, sunshine recorder.
1892W. A. Taylor in Scott. Geog. Mag. June 322 The first sunshine recorder was the invention of Mr. John C. Campbell of Islay. 1893H. N. Dickson Ibid. Aug. (Title on cover), Sunshine Map of the British Isles. Ibid. 396 In discussing sunshine records, it is..necessary to distinguish the cases where allowance must be made for latitude from those where the actual duration merely is required. Ibid. 400 The general form of the sunshine curve is thus a strong minimum in winter, a steady increase to a maximum in May.
5. attrib. passing into adj.
a. Full of or characterized by sunshine; sunshiny, sunny. Now rare.
1579Spenser Sheph. Cal. Jan. 3 All in a sunneshine day, as did befall. 1601Holland Pliny vi. xvi. I. 123 The warme Sunneshine weather. 1632Milton L'Allegro 98 Young and old com forth to play On a Sunshine Holyday. 1663S. Patrick Parab. Pilgr. xxvi. (1687) 281 A Fine Sun-shine morning it was. 1715Leoni Palladio's Archit. (1742) II. 75 The Sun-dial..could serve but in Sun-shine Weather. 1765Phil. Trans. LV. 155 In a calm hot sun-shine day,..the air..appears to have a tremulous motion. 1841Browning Pippa Passes [Introd.] 23 Thy fitful sunshine-minutes, coming, going. 1894‘G. Egerton’ Keynotes 155 It is a sunshine Sabbath morning.
b. fig. ‘Bright’, cheerful, cheering; prosperous, happy, joyous.
1593Shakes. Rich. II, iv. i. 221 God saue King Henry,..And send him many yeeres of Sunne-shine dayes. 1594Drayton Amours ix, Her sun-shine face there chaunsing to espy. 1663S. Patrick Parab. Pilgr. xxix. (1687) 341 Then were his Sunshine days, and his Heart all in an ardour of Love and Joy. 1833Longfellow Outre-mer (1851) 227 The French have that happy and sunshine temperament. 1834J. H. Newman Par. Serm. (1837) I. xxv. 379 The Bible does not take a pleasant sunshine view of the world.
c. That remains faithful, or subsists, only in prosperity; ‘fair-weather’.
1775Burke Let. to Marq. Rockingham 14 Sept., The worst sort of tories, the sunshine gentlemen of the last reign. 1809W. Irving Knickerb. vi. vi. (1861) 207 Would you have had me take such sunshine, faint-hearted recreants to my bosom? 1847Whittier My Soul & I 25 Summon thy sunshine bravery back. 1876H. Gardner Sunflowers, Leone i. 108 My sunshine-friends have turned their backs on me.
6. Comb.: sunshine law U.S., a law making the official meetings and records of certain government agencies accessible to the public; sunshine roof, on a motor vehicle, a roof that can be slid open; = sun-roof (a) s.v. sun n.1 13 a; sunshine-showery a. nonce-wd., of a disposition that is cheerful in the midst of trouble; Sunshine State, (a) U.S., any of several states (see quots.); (b) Austral., Queensland; sunshine-yellow a. and n., (of) a bright shade of yellow.
1972Atlantic Monthly Sept. 22 The state of Florida has adopted a ‘sunshine law’ which requires that all official meetings in which public business is transacted be open to the public. 1977National Observer (U.S.) 22 Jan. 16/5 We need an all-inclusive ‘sunshine law’ in Washington so that special interests will not retain their exclusive access behind closed doors. 1982Times Lit. Suppl. 26 Feb. 225/5 ‘Sunshine laws’ have opened committee hearings to public scrutiny.
1929Daily Express 12 Jan. 4/7 The royal coupé, with a sunshine roof. 1954J. Trench Dishonoured Bones ii. v. 72 He got out the old Austin..unfastening the sunshine roof. 1977Horse & Hound 14 Jan. 44/3 (Advt.), Land-Rover..sunshine roof.
1830Coleridge Let. to J. H. Green 1 June, Mrs. Aders..looks as bright and sunshine-showery as if nothing had ever ailed her.
1893L. Wagner Significance of Names 36 New Mexico is The Sunshine State. 1918S. S. Visher Geogr. S. Dakota 60 South Dakota is known as ‘the Sunshine State’, not because it surpasses in this respect..states..in the southwest, but because of the contrast between South Dakota and the Eastern States and northern European countries from whence most of the persons not born in South Dakota came. 1920Monthly Weather Rev. (U.S. Weather Bureau) Mar. 154/2 In this ‘Sunshine State’ [sc. California] we have ‘Sunkist Orange’. 1947Time 17 Mar. 42/2 Employees..are happier in The Sunshine State [sc. Florida] where living is so pleasant and healthful. 1962C. Rohan Delinquents 128 ‘If you ask me, all Brisbane's full of coppers and all of them bastards,’ she said, expressing in one concise sentence the full theory of central government of the sunshine state. 1976Daily Record (Glasgow) 30 Nov. 28/6 And although the Sunshine State has seen a few fancy sights the citizens of Palm Springs are in for an extra special treat next week.
1971‘A. Gilbert’ Tenant for Tomb i. 22 The plumber..wanted to install a bright blue bath..and had to be coaxed into substituting a sunshine-yellow one. 1975A. Fraser Whistler's Lane x. 161, I bought myself a blouse in sunshine yellow.
Hence ˈsunshine v., intr. to shine as or like the sun (also impers.): ˈsunshineless a., dull, gloomy.
1627J. Taylor (Water-P.) Armado B 2 b, If it storm'd, rain'd, or blewe, or Sun shinde [ed. 1630 Sun-shinde] too hot. 1831James Phil. Augustus I. xvi, The fixed contraction of his brow, and the sunshineless coldness of his lips. 1892J. Lumsden Sheep-head & Trotters 278 On the visage of their hero, sunshined for a moment an..answering smile. |