| 释义 |
▪ I. † wone, n.1 Obs.
Forms: 3–4 wune, 3–6 wone, 4–7 won, 4–8 wonne, (5 wne, woone, 6 wun).
[ME. wune, wōne, aphetic f. i-wune, i-wone, OE. ᵹewuna = OS. giwono (MDu. ghewone, MDu., (M)LG. wone), OHG. giwona (MHG. gewon(e), related to MHG. gewan, ON. vane, which represent another grade: f. Teut. ga- y- + wun-, won, wone v.]
I. [See won v. II.] Habit, custom.
1. Habitual action or conduct (of a person); (one's) habits or practices collectively.
a1225Ancr. R. 266 [Heo] dude hit eft & eft, & feol so into ful wune þet heo lei & rotede þerinne. c1275Lay. 14017 Þe Peutes dude hire wone [c 1205 iwune]. 13..Guy W. (A.) 230 Artow..Suward sone, Þat of al godenes haþ þe wone? c1320Cast. Love 278 Þis kyng hedde a sone, Of such wit and of such wone..As was his fader. c1386Chaucer Prol. 335 To lyuen in delit was euere his wone, For he was Epicurus owene sone. c1400Rule St. Benet (prose) 6 Chasti þaim fra iuil wne, als þe fadir dos his sune. c1425Engl. Conq. Irel. 66 Mych horynesse or oryble synnes that..weren amendet, & yn better wonne I-broȝth. c1440York Myst. xxix. 252 His wonne was to wirke mekill woo. 1450–80tr. Secr. Secr. xl. 26 He vsith not his custome [of eating twice a day] for þe stomak is out of his wone.
b. In particularized use; pl. habits.
c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 85 Seint nicholas þe on his childhode wunede him to fasten, and þat wune heold to his liues ende. a1250Owl & Night. 272 Hit is min hiȝte, hit is mi wune, Þat ich me draȝe to mine cunde. 13..K. Alis. 2715 (Laud MS.), He was þe Emperoures sone, Wel to juste was his wone. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. viii. 29 Treuþe..Bad hem..wikkede wones wihtly to amende. c1450Mirk's Festial 79 He was wont before to stele, and cowþe not leue his old wone. a1500Assemb. Ladies 5 In a gardyn, about twayn after noon, Ther were ladyes walking, as was her wone.
2. Established usage or custom (of a people, country, etc.).
c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 105 Seint iacob..nam ȝeme of þe wune þe weren þo, and ȝet bien mid mannen. c1220Bestiary 368 Ðis wune he [sc. harts] hauen hem bi-twen, Ðoȝ he an hundred to-giddre ben. c1250Gen. & Ex. 1681 Quat laban, ‘long wune is her driuen, Firmest on elde, first ben giuen’. Ibid. 3137 Ðanne he lereden hem newe wunen. c1290St. Edward 12 in S. Eng. Leg. 47 Seint Edward..is sone Aftur him was king j-mad, ase lawe was and wone. a1300Cursor M. 10915 Þe lauerd es nu bicummen threll, Þe doghter moder again al won. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 714 Thisbe, There was but a ston wal hem be-tweene, As ofte in grete tounnys is the wone. c1425Engl. Conq. Irel. 34 Thay ne hadden no wone of warytres; & þerfor þey..drent ham. c1450Mirour Saluacioun (1888) 163 Dede mens bodyes to byrye with mirre was the olde wonne.
3. Phr. in wone: as a matter of custom, customarily. to have in wone: to be accustomed to do something; to practise habitually; so to be in wone, to have wone. to be of common wone: to be common custom. by wone or with wone: as a matter of custom; used as a tag (also in good wone).
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 4718 Hii dude hom vorþere in þis lond þan hii were in wone. a1300Cursor M. 21237 Marc was gospellere wit won. c1330Assump. Virg. (B. M. MS.) 20 He callide to hym seynt Iohan..And seide, ‘womman, lo, here þi sone, And, man, take hure to moder in good wone’. 1390Gower Conf. I. 284 Of comun wone In chambre thei togedre wone. Ibid. II. 143 At hom if that a man wol wone, This Fievere [sc. jealousy] is thanne of comun wone Most grevous in a mannes yhe. c1400Titus & Vesp. (Roxb.) 5058 Aftur hym regnede Titus his sone, The Emperour most curteys by wone. c1425Wyntoun Cron. viii. 3292 (Cott.) He..had in won, By his wiff, oftsyis to ly Oþir syndry women by. 14..Guy Warw. (C.) 230 ‘Bee ye’, she seide, ‘Sywardes sone, That all goodnesse hath in wone?’ c1436Libel Engl. Pol. in Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 196 In somere tide wolde he have in wone, And in custome, to be fulle redy sone, Wyth multitude of men. c1460Towneley Myst. ii. 116 All the good thou has in wone Of godis grace is bot a lone. 1562Turner Herbal ii. 31 They that vse to eat of it loke much more freshly then they had won to do.
II. [See won v. I.] The action of staying or remaining; place of dwelling.
4. Phr. withouten wone, without delay. Cf. withouten hone (hone n.2).
c1440Bone Flor. 215 And yf thou sende hur not soone, Hastelye, wythowten wone, Then ryseth ther a stryfe. c1596King & Backer in Hazl. E.P.P. I. 5 Gramercy, felow, seyde owr kyng, withowtyn eney wone.
5. A dwelling-place, abode; spec. this world: = wone n.2 1, 3 b.
c1205Lay. 13492 Ne mæi i noht for muchele scome habben here þesne wone. c1250Gen. & Ex. 513 Or enoch wente fro werldes wune Matusale was boren is sune. a1300XV Signa 164 in E.E.P. (1862) 12 Wel aȝtist þe faire to lede Wile þou art in þis wreche wone [rime mone]. 1340–70Alisaunder 598 Of any wightes in wonne wysest i-holde. a1450Le Morte Arth. 3377 Sythe bretayne owte of troy was sought And made in bretayne hys owne wonne. 1563Sackville Induct. Mirr. Mag. xxiii, Howe she telde Both what she was, and where her wun she helde. 1590Spenser F.Q. iii. iii. 7 There the wise Merlin whylome wont (they say) To make his wonne. 1608Topsell Serpents 269 She..from the Center draweth a thred like wooll to lye vpon While double worke on euery part doth fortifie her wone. 1642H. More Song of Soul i. ii. xxii, That free light hath given a free wonne [rimes sun, shone, begun] To this dependent ray. Ibid. xxiii, Flocks of souls..that have their won Where they list most to graze. 1685― Paralip. Prophet. Pref. p. xxvi, The Wilderness the Won of Spirits and Ghosts. 1748Thomson Cast. Indol. ii. viii, With all the gods that love the rural wonne [rimes run, son, undone].
▪ II. † wone, n.2 Obs. Chiefly poet.
Forms: 3 woan, 3–4 won, 4–5 woon, wone.
[Midland and Southern variant (with ɔː) of wane n.2, which is probably a. ON. ván hope, expectation, and therefore identical with wone n.3 The germ of the sense of ‘dwelling-place’ is to be seen in ON. examples such as þá er allar vánir vóru rannsakaðar when all the ‘expected places’ (places where it might be expected to be) were searched; cf. Norw. von place where one expects to find something, fishing-place, hunting-ground. Association with won v. assisted the establishing and further development of the sense in ME.; cf. also wone n.1 II. The allocation of meaning in particular instances is often doubtful.]
1. A place of habitation or abode, dwelling-place.
c1275Serving Christ 68 in O.E. Misc. 92 Me graueþ þis gode, in greote and in ston, Þer wereþ vre wlite in wurmene won. a1310in Wright Lyric P. xiv. 46 So wyde in world ys huere won, In uch a toune untrewe is on. c1320Sir Tristr. 2456 No hadde þai no won to wille Bot þe wode so grene. 14..Songs, Carols, etc. (E.E.T.S.) 85/116 Pray we þat byrde so bright as bon..Þat owr dwellyng may be in her wone, With hym that for owr sake was slone.
2. sing. and pl. A dwelling-house, dwelling, habitation: freq. applied to a palace.
a1225Ancr. R. 418 Wiðinnen ower woanes ne lete ȝe nenne mon slepen. c1350Athelston 755 Boþe in-same þey rod To Westemynstyr wone. 13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 140 Hov wan þou into þis won in wedez so fowle? 13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 2400 Ȝe schal in þis nwe ȝer aȝayn to my wonez. c1394P. Pl. Crede 172 A woon wonderlie well y-beld, Wiþ arches on eueriche half. c1400Laud Troy Bk. 18361 Thei caste al doun thes worthi wones, Led & tyle, sclat & stones. c1430Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1903) 207 And al þe welþe withinne þi woon To susteine þee and þin householde. 1501Douglas Pal. Hon. i. xxxiv, Reparrellit was that godlike plesand wone. 15..Flodden F. lxxvii. in Furniv. Percy Folio I. 332 He tooke me from my father deere & keeped me within his woone. 1570Levins Manip. 168/11 A Wone, habitatio.
b. pl. Rooms, chambers, apartments.
c1325Orfeo 351 Amyd the launde a castel he sye..Within were wyde wonys. 13..E.E. Allit. P. A. 917 Haf ȝe no wonez in castel walle? c1440Pallad. on Husb. i. 331 The wynter wones on the sonny side. 14..Tundale's Vis. 1623 Large and rownde were tho wones, Þe flore was paved with preciouse stones.
c. sing. and pl. (with sing. concord). A city.
a1400Morte Arth. 2472 Thay had wonne that wone be theire awene strenghe! c1400Destr. Troy 9857 Yonder won [sc. Troy] for to wyn. c1440J. Capgrave Life St. Kath. i. 141 For the grete welthe þat was in þat wonys [sc. the city of Alexandria].
d. in or within one's wones: in one's possession.
1390Gower Conf. II. 76 He that stant to day alofte And al the world hath in hise wones. Ibid. 134 Thogh a man at ones Of al the world withinne his wones The tresor myhte have everydel.
3. sing. and pl. An inhabited place; a country, realm, territory, domain; gen. a place. Phr. within wones, in wone (freq. as a tag) = everywhere, anywhere.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 8951 Passent calanged his fader wones, Þe kyng for robberye of þe stones. 1338― Chron. (1810) 75 [He] fulle bare mas many wone, Of gode men er non left. c1386Chaucer Sir Thopas 90 He so longe hadde riden and goon That he foond in a pryue woon The contree of Fairye So wilde. 1390Gower Conf. III. 295 Ther was ynowh withinne wones Of wepinge and of sorghe tho. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. i. 18 Deþ, as ich lyuede, Wonede in þo wones, and wyckede spiritus. 1399― R. Redeles ii. 180 Wher so þey fferde be ffryth or be wones. a1400Leg. Rood viii. 347 Fadres and Modres þat walken in won. c140026 Pol. Poems xxiii. 8 Prestes are lanterne hem to wysse Þe wise weyes to heuene wones. 1412Ibid. xi. 94 Hem thar not drede, where þey go, Here wele and worschip, in euery won. c1440J. Capgrave Life St. Kath. i. 26 A noble man,..Gracious in feld, peisible in wones. c1450Lovelich Grail liii. 126 Twelve the wysest Of Al that won. 14..How Good Wife taught Dau. 44 in Q. Eliz. Acad. 45 Ne fayre wordes brake neuer bone, Ne neuer schall in no wone.
b. Applied to this world (esp. in worthly wone or worldly wone); also to heaven (cf. also quots. 14.. in 1 and c 1400 in 3). Phr. worthly or worthy in wone, distinguished in the world or in this life.
a1310in Wright Lyric P. xvi. 51 In al this wurhliche won,..Never ȝete y nuste non lussomore in londe. a1375Lay Folks Mass Bk. App. iv. 637 From his blisse we schal be flemed Out of þat worþli won. a1400Pistill of Susan 54 Þo þouȝte þe wrecches to bewile þat worly [v.rr. worþi, wrthi] in wone. Ibid. 134 With wordus þei worshipe þat worliche in wone. c1400Melayne 168 Þose worthely men in wone. c1400Anturs Arth. xiii, Welcum, Waynor, i-wys wurlok in wone. 14..T. Chestre Launfal 933 To wonye yn worldly wone. c1460Towneley Myst. i. 184 To walk here in this worthely wone.
▪ III. † wone, n.3 Obs. poet.
Forms: 3–5 won, 3–7 wone, 4 whon, 4–5 woon, wonne, 5 von, woone; 5 oon, one; Sc. and north. 3–4 wan, 3–6 wane, 4–6 wayn(e, (4 vayn, 6 vaine).
[ME. wǭn, app. a. ON. ván (see wone n.2), but the earliest form with prefixed i- (y-), viz. i-won (q.v.), is remarkable in a word of Scand. origin.]
I.
1. Hope or expectation of a favourable issue; choice of alternative; hence, resource, expedient, course. Often in phr. to have, know, see, etc. no other (or better) wone.
c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 7/226 Þo he nuste non oþur won [v.rr. whon, iwon]. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 442 Þis gode folc of troye..flowe in to hor castles, vor hii nadde oþer won. Ibid. 1915 He him vnderstod of þe beste won. Ibid. 6540 He þoȝte of luþer won, Vor to sle þis godwine. Ibid. 10749 He of scapede to churche, as him þoȝte best won. a1300Cursor M. 5679 Moyses sagh na better wan Bot fled he in-to madian. c1400St. Alexius (Vernon) 247 Whon he sauȝ non oþur won, He bi-þouȝte him sone Anon, Wher him was best to be. c1410Sir Cleges 313 Sir Cleges sey non other von; Thereto he grauntyd sone anon. c1425Wyntoun Cron. iii. vi. 874 Sen oþir succoure haf ȝhe nane, Na ȝhe can se na bettyr wayne. c1435Torr. Portugale 1295 The theff couth no better wonne, In to the see rennyth he sone. c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 7779 He wist noȝt whilk was better wane, To dye in fire, or els be slane. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. (Rolls) I. 191 Flie mycht tha nocht, thair wes na vther wane. 1583Leg. Bp. St. Androis 85 Than, when he had na vther vaine, He maid him for the kirk againe.
b. phr. (north.) will of wane [will a.] (less freq. wone), occas. wilsome of wane: at a loss, in bewilderment, without resource.
13..Cursor M. 3051 (Gött.) Nou gas þat wreche wille of wane Wandrand in wildernes alane. 1375Barbour Bruce vii. 2 The kyng toward the vod is gane, Wery for-swat and vill of vayn. c1400Destr. Troy 12823 All will of his wone his werdis to laite. c1420Sir Amadace (Camden) xxxiv, Nowe may wise men sitte atte home, Quen folus may walke full wille of wone. c1450Holland Howlat 43 Wa is me, wretche in this warld, wilsome of wane! 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. (Rolls) II. 496 Preist or clerk that tyme tha sparit nane; Full mony one tha maid rycht will of wane.
2. Opinion, belief. (Cf. ween n. 1.)
c1300Havelok 1711 More he louede hauelok one, Þan al denemark, bi mine wone! Ibid. 1972. 1370–80 Visions of St. Paul 207 in O.E. Misc. 229 Hose leeueþ not in wone Þat Iesu crist, Godus sone, Tok Flesch and blod. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xix. (Cristofore) 89 Trowand in wane, forowt wene, Þat þu þe maste master had bene.
II. Resources; abundance.
3. Phr. (full) good wone, (full) great wone: a good number, a great quantity; used either in apposition (often following the n. qualified), or with dependent of. Also advb., more or less vaguely, but chiefly with reference to the exercise of great force or speed. So evil wone, scarcity, dearth.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 17 Engelonde is vol inoȝ of frut & ek of tren..Of stel of yre & of bras, of god corn gret won. Ibid. 5359 His vissares.. so gret won of fisse him broȝte, Þat wonder it was. a1300Cursor M. 7921 O scep he had ful mikel wan. c1300Havelok 1907 He leyden on heuedes, ful god won. c1330King of Tars 635 Whon thei weore bete ful good won. c1350Leg. Rood iii. 447 We sall gett water grete wane Here out of þis hard stane. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xx. 170 Lyf..gaf hym golde, good woon, þat gladded his herte. a1400Relig. Pieces fr. Thornton MS. (1914) 102 Þou gafe thaym welthe mare wone þan þay euer hadde. 14..T. Chestre Launfal 360 He..keste her well good won. 14..Sir Beues (M.) 1344 Bred ne corne he ete none, But water had he good one. 14..Guy Warw. (Cambr. MS.) 10329 Of harnes þou haste here gode oon. c1470Henry Wallace viii. 948 Thir wermen tuk off venysoune gud wayn. a1500Chester Pl., Balaam 125 Yea, looke, thou het hym gold great wone [v.r. one], And riches for to lyve upon. c1530in N. & Q. 3rd Ser. XI. 7/2 Fruytes and corne shal fayle, gret woone. 1570Levins Manip. 168/24 Good wone, abundantia. Euil wone, inopia.
4. Abundance, plenty. in wone: in abundance, plentifully.
a1300Cursor M. 2876 Thoru brennyng of þe brinstane, Quare-of þar es sa mikel wan. 13..Ibid. 641 (Gött.) Þis is a stede of welthful wone, Of ioye ne blis ne wantis nane. Ibid. 4353 Worldes welth to welde in wone. 1340–70Alex. & Dind. 499 Þere won walleþ of watur in þe welle-springus. c1470Gol. & Gaw. 37 All thair vittalis war gone, That thay weildit in wone.
5. Fortune, wealth, riches, possessions.
a1300Florice & Bl. (C.) 386 Þe ne faileþ non Gold ne seluer ne riche won. c1300Prov. Hending xxvi, Ȝef þou haue þin oune won. a1310in Wright Lyric P. iv. 24 This worldes won. 13..K. Alis. 5658 Hy ben y-clothed in alle wones. 13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 1269 Were I worth al þe wone of wymmen alyue. c1440J. Capgrave Life St. Kath. ii. 1370 That ye shuld parte al this welthe and wone. a1500Flower & Leaf 201 The large wones Of Prester John, ne al his tresory Might not unneth have bought the tenth party.
▪ IV. † wone, a. Obs.
Forms: α. 1–2 ᵹewuna, 4 ywon(e, 5 iwone; β. 3 wune, 4–5 won, wonne, wone.
[OE. ᵹewuna = OS. giwono (MDu. ghewône, Du. giwoon), OHG. giwon: f. ᵹe-, y- + wun-, won v.]
1. Accustomed, used, wont (to do something).
αc950Lindisf. Gosp. Mark x. 1 Sicut consueverat, suæ þætte he ᵹewuna wæs. a1122O.E. Chron. (Laud. MS.) an. 1006 Dydon eall swa hi ær ᵹewuna wæron. c1330Arth. & Merl. 176 Why he nold with hem come, So he tofore was ywone. 13..Guy Warw. (A.) 188 Þerl a gret fest held At Warwike in þat cite, Þat þan was y-won to be. c1400Sowdone Bab. 358 For ever he was thereto I-wone, To do Cristen men grete pyne.
βc1250Gen. & Ex. 3569 And Iosu cam him a-gen, Als he was ilc dai wune to don. a1300Cursor M. 1384 Þe pine to bere a frut es won. Ibid. 2861 Þar þaa fiue cites war won to be Es noght now bot a stinkand see. c1300Havelok 2151 He..was here king, þat was hem wone Wel to yeme. 1375Barbour Bruce iv. 246 [Satan] as he all tyme wes wone, In-to dissat maid his ansuer. c1425Wyntoun Cron. viii. xxxii. 5516 Folk, þat was noucht wone To se sic awant..Abayssit of þat sicht þai war. c1450J. Capgrave Life St. Aug. 23 Þe heruest dayes wer ny whan skole is wone to cese. a1500Hist. K. Boccus & Sydracke (? 1510) U iij b, And hayle that to fal is wone The eyght daye of the mone.
2. Customary, usual. rare.
This is a doubtful sense assumed from such phrases as as it is wone, where wone is orig. and prob. always wone n.1 (cf. quot. c 1290 in sense 2).
c1205Lay. 11184 He dude alse hit is wune, he streonede hire on enne sone. 1338R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 83 Roberd Courthose his sonne he gaf all Normundie, To hold, as it was wonne, als heyre of ancestrie.
▪ V. wone, v.1
see won v.
▪ VI. † wone, v.2 Obs.
Forms: 1 wanian, 3 wanenn (Ormin), wony, -ie, wone, 3–4 wane.
[OE. wánian = OFris. wênia, MLG. wênen, OHG. weinôn (MHG., G. weinen), ON. veina:—OTeut. *wainōjan, f. wai- woe.]
1. trans. To bewail, bemoan.
Beowulf 787 Þara þe..ᵹehyrdon..sar waniᵹean hellehæfton. a900Cynewulf Juliana 538 Siðfæt seofian, sar cwanian, wyrd wanian. c1205Lay. 25847 Þa fond he þer ane quene..wanede hire siðes þæt heo wæs on liues.
2. intr. To lament, moan. Also transf.
a900Cynewulf Crist 992 Beornas gretað, wepað wanende werᵹum stefnum. c1200Ormin 5653 Þe þridde seollþe doþ þe mann wepenn wiþþ skill & wanenn..forr hiss aȝhenn sinne. a1250Owl & Night. 975 Solde euch mon wonie and grede, Riȝt suich hi weren unlede. c1275Lay. 25827 Þo ihorde he..weape and wony [c 1205 weinen] reuliche beares. c1275XI Pains of Hell 187 in O.E. Misc. 152 Heo woneþ and groneþ day and nyht. c1375Cursor M. 12196 (Fairf.), I likkin ham to a brasin belle Þat..wanis forþ wiþ-out resoun.
▪ VII. wone
see wane. |