| 释义 |
▪ I. lament, n.|ləˈmɛnt|
[ad. L. lāment-um wailing, weeping, lamentation.]
1. An act of lamenting, a passionate or demonstrative expression of grief. Also poet. the action of lamenting, lamentation.
1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, i. i. 103 To adde to your laments..I must informe you of a dismall fight, Betwixt the stout Lord Talbot, and the French. c1592Marlowe Jew of Malta i. ii, Why stand you thus, unmoved with my laments? 1629Milton Christ's Nativity 183 A voice of weeping heard, and loud lament. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 666 All her fellow Nymphs the Mountains tear With loud Laments. 1715–20Pope Iliad xxiii. 17 The troops..thrice in order led..their coursers round the dead; And thrice their sorrows and laments renew. 1768Beattie Minstr. i. xxxiv, When the long-sounding curfew from afar Loaded with loud lament the lonely gale. 1821Shelley Hellas 868 Voices Of strange lament soothe my supreme repose. 1869J. Martineau Ess. II. 283 What is this but the morbid lament of scepticism? 1870Bryant Iliad I. v. 136 On his knees With sad lament he fell.
2. A set or conventional form of mourning; a song of grief, an elegy; esp. a dirge performed at a death or burial; also, the air to which such a lamentation is sung or played.
1698M. Martin Voy. St. Kilda (1749) 57 Upon those Occasions [they] make doleful Songs, which they call Laments. 1791Burns (title) Lament for James, Earl of Glencairn. 1814Scott Ld. of Isles v. xxvii, Soon as the dire lament was play'd. 1882D. Stewart Sk. Highlanders I. 81 Solemn and melancholy airs or Laments (as they call them) for their deceased friends. 1882Ouida In Maremma I. 154 It was rarely that she chose other themes than the passionate laments of the provincial canzoni.
▪ II. lament, v.|ləˈmɛnt|
[ad. L. lāment-ārī, f. lāment-um lament n. Cf. F. lamenter.]
1. trans. To express profound sorrow for or concerning; also, in mod. use, to feel sorrow for; to mourn for the loss of (a person); to bewail (an occurrence, etc.: with simple obj. or clause).
1535Coverdale Luke xxiii. 37 There folowed him a greate multitude of people and of wemen, which bewayled and lamented him. 1548–9(Mar.) Bk. Com. Prayer Collect Ash-Wednesday, Wee worthely lamentyng oure synnes. 1611Bible 1 Sam. xxv. 1 Samuel died, and all the Israelites..lamented him. 1667Milton P.L. i. 448 Thammuz came next behind, Whose annual wound in Lebanon allur'd The Syrian Damsels to lament his fate In amorous dittyes all a Summers day. 1712Hearne Collect. (O.H.S.) III. 453 He died in the 32d Year of his Age, and is much lamented. 1756–7tr. Keysler's Trav. (1760) IV. 94 This stone laments the death of Andrea Pisano. 1794Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. Udolpho xxx, For your own sake I lament this. 1801Med. Jrnl. V. 559 As she was thus lamenting her situation, she was seized by a very violent convulsive fit. 1856Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) II. vi. 12 The parliament had lamented that the duties of the religious houses were left unfulfilled.
2. a. intr. To express (also, simply, to feel) profound grief; to mourn passionately. Const. for, over, rarely after; also with indirect pass.
1530Palsgr. 603/2, I lamente, I make mone for a losse, je lamente. a1533Ld. Berners Huon lxxxii. 256 It wolde haue made a hard herte to lament. 1595Locrine iii. i. 160 He loves not most that doth lament the most. 1603Knolles Hist. Turks (1638) 106 Greatly lamented for by all the Christians in Syria. 1611Bible 1 Sam. vii. 2 All the house of Israel lamented after the Lord. 1667Milton P.L. xi. 671 Adam was all in tears, and to his guide Lamenting turnd full sad. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 743 Her Children gone, The Mother Nightingale laments alone. 1738Glover Leonidas i. 245 Forget not her, who now for thee laments. 1830Tennyson Dying Swan 7 With an inner voice the river ran, Adown it floated a dying swan, And loudly did lament. 1831T. L. Peacock Crotchet Castle v. 85 He laments bitterly over the inventions of gunpowder, steam, and gas. 1853C. Kingsley Hypatia I. xiii. 271 Why should they lament over other things?
b. refl. in the same sense. arch.
1749Fielding Tom Jones ii. vii, Because he does not cry out and lament himself, like those of a childish or effeminate temper. 1768Sterne Sent. Journ. (1775) 124 (Fragment) The poor notary..lamented himself as he walk'd along in this manner. 1788C. Smith Emmeline (1816) IV. 178 She..bursts into tears, and laments herself over him. 1850A. Jameson Leg. Monast. Ord. (1863) 99 When Hugolin returned, he began to lament himself because of the robbery.
†3. causative. To cause grief to, distress. Obs.
1580Lupton Sivqila i. 131 What paines he hath put me to euer since, bothe nighte and day, it would lament you if you knewe it. 1583T. Stocker tr. Civ. Warres Lowe C. i. 113 a, It greatly lamenteth, and maruellously amazeth vs. 1704in Ashton Social Life Q. Anne (1882) I. 124 He lay much Lamented and wonderfully affrighted with the Old Woman coming to afflict him. |