| 释义 |
▪ I. woad, n.1|wəʊd|
Forms: α. 1–2, 5–7, 9 dial. wad, 2 waad, 5 Sc. waid, wayde, 5–7 wadde, 6 Sc. vad, 6–8 wade, 7 Sc. wadd. β. 3–4 wod, 4–5 wode, 5– 6 wood(e, 6 wo(a)dde, 6–8 woade (7 waude), 6– woad. γ. 5–6, 8 ode, 6–7 oade, 7 oad.
[OE. wád = OFris. wêd, MLG., MDu. wêt, wêde (Du. weede), OHG., MHG. weit, weid (G. waid):—*waido- (whence OF. waide, gaide, It. guado), by-form of *waizdo- (whence med.L. waizda, guaisdium, etc., AF. waisde, OF. guesde, F. guède, formerly also voide, vouède, voueide), related to Goth. *wizdila (recorded in L. forms ouisdelem, etc.).
Ulterior connexion with OE. weard, werd ‘sandix’, and (outside Germanic) with L. vitrum, Gr. ἰσάτις is doubtful. The hypothesis of a primitive loan may account for the remarkable phonological variations in pre-Germanic.]
1. A blue dye-stuff prepared from the leaves of Isatis tinctoria (see 2) powdered and fermented: now generally superseded by indigo, in the preparation of which it is still sometimes used.
c1000ælfric Gram. ix. (Z.) 72 Hic sandyx, þis wad. a1100Aldhelm Gloss. i. 1058 (Napier 29/2) Ex..iacintho, of wade. a1200Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 544/46 Sandix, wod. a1250Owl & Night. 76 Þin eȝene boþ colblake & brode Riȝt swo ho weren ipeint mid wode. c1374Chaucer Former Age 17 No Madyr welde or wod no litestere Ne knewh. 14..De Artic. Inquir. in Sc. Acts (1844) I. 682/2 Item de tynctoribus Burgensibus ponentibus manus suas in le wadde. 1436Libel Engl. Policy in Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 180 The madre and woode that dyers take on hande. 1488–9Act 4 Hen. VII c. 10 Wood called Tolowse Wode. 1494in Somerset Med. Wills (1901) 322, ij mesers of Ode. 1495Halyburton Ledger (1867) 45, 3 ton of waid. 1545Rates of Custome Ho. d j, Woad of goscoyne the pipe .iii. pound vi.s. viii. d. Woad of the Ile of Surrey the ballet x. s. Woad of the Ile of Assorns [= Azores] the ballet x. s. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII, 200 The Merchaunt straungers..daily brought Oade, Oyle, Sylke,..and other Merchaundyse into this Realme. 1563Golding Cæsar (1565) 117 Al the Britons doe dye themselves wyth woade, which setteth a blewish color uppon them. 1601B. Jonson Poetaster ii. i. 59 He that respects to get, must relish all commodities alike; and admit no difference betwixt oade and frankincense. a1618Rates of Marchandizes F 4 b, Iland or green Woad..Tholoze Woade. 1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 224 Azores..They affoord much Oade, which has made them most famous and best inriched them. 1715Garth Claremont 91 When Dress was monstrous, and Fig-leaves the Mode, And Quality put on no Paint but Woade. 1800M. Edgeworth The Will iii, A gentleman who had set up an apparatus for manufacturing woad. 1867Morris Jason vi. 327 Deep dyeing-earths, and woad and cinnabar. 1882J. Smith Dict. Pop. Names Plants 441 Woad..is manufactured now only at Parsons Drove near Wisbech. 1894C. Vickerman Woollen Spinning 102 The woad cut into small pieces is cast into the vat, which is then filled with water.
fig.1667Waterhouse Fire Lond. 42 This..gives the judgement a tincture, nay, a deep woad of intense displeasure.
† pl.1598Stow Survey x. 64 The Marchants of Normandie made fine for licence to harbor their woads, till it was otherwise prouided. 1599Nashe Lenten Stuffe 27 They returne wine and Woades, for which is alwaies paide ready Golde. 1622Bacon Hen. VII, 75 The King..ordained; That wines and woads from..Gascoigne and Languedocke, should not be brought but in English bottomes.
2. The plant Isatis tinctoria, formerly extensively cultivated for the blue colouring matter furnished by it (see 1). Sometimes called dyer's woad or garden woad, and dyer's weed. Also applied to other species of the genus Isatis.
c1000Sax. Leechd. II. 94 Ᵹenim wades croppan. 1538Elyot, Glastum, an herbe lyke to plantayne,..some men englyshe it woadde. 1538Turner Libellus, Isatis sive glastum,..uulgus herbam appellat wad. 1548― Names Herbes (E.D.S.) 40 Glastum is called..in english wad, & not Ode as some corrupters of the englishe tonge do nike⁓name it. 1562― Herbal ii. 11 The diers occupy the garden wadde..in dyenge of wull and clothe. 1585Procl. agst. sowing of woad 14 Oct., That no maner of person or persons..shal..breake vp..any maner of grounde..for the..purpose to sowe or plant woade in. 1601Holland Pliny xxii. i. II. 114 An hearbe..Glastum, (i. Woad) with the juice whereof the women of Brittaine..annoint and die their bodies all over. Ibid. xxxiii. xiii. 484 These Azurs, receive first a dye, and are boiled with a certaine hearbe..called Oad, the colour and juice whereof Azur is apt to drinke in and receive. 1633Costlie Whore i. ii. in Bullen O. Pl. IV, To..make our land beare woad instead of wheate. 1739Trowell Treat. Husb. etc. 33 Of Woad or Wade, the best Land for it. 1778Eng. Gazetteer (ed. 2) s.v. Bedfordshire, Woad, a plant used by dyers, is also cultivated here. 1856Farmer's Mag. Jan. 77 A long and explicit covenant [in a lease] against growing pernicious weeds, such as flax, hemp, woad.
b. wild woad, the plant Reseda Lutcola: = weld n.1 1. bastard woad = weld n.1 1 b.
1578Lyte Dodoens i. xlvi. 66 There be two sortes of Woad: the one is of the garden... The other is wilde Woad. 1597Gerarde Herbal ii. cxxviii. 396 Of Sesamoides, or bastard Weld or Woade. 1611Cotgr., Guesde sauvage, wild woad, which growes of it selfe in grounds wherein th' other hath beene sowne; and differs not much from it but in staulke. 1796Withering Brit. Plants (ed. 3) II. 445 Reseda Luteola..Wild Woad. Dyers-weed. 1821Clare Vill. Minstr., Cowper Green iv, Thy wild-woad on each road we see.
3. attrib. and Comb., as woad-blue, woad-colour, woad-farm, † woad-fat (= vat) woad-gore (gore n.1 1), woad-house, † woad-lead, woad-man, woad-mark, woad-plant, woad-planter, woad-rose, woad-vat; woad-leaved, woad-painted adjs. † woad-nut, ? corruptly -net, ? a ball of woad.
a1667Sir W. Petty in Sprat Hist. Royal Soc. 289 Nor is Allum used in many Colours, viz. In no *Woad or Indico Blews.
1658Rowland tr. Moufet's Theat. Ins. 968 The outmost border of the innermost wings is sky or *woad-colour. a1667in Sprat Hist. Royal Soc. 301 An intense Woad-Colour is..of a Damson-colour.
1892Daily News 23 July 5/4 There are now only four *woad farms and factories in the entire kingdom.
1479Will of Swayne (MS.), *Odefatis. 1496Bk. St. Albans, Fishing h ij, Lete woode your heer in an woodefatte a lyght plunket colour. 1569Bury Wills (Camden) 155 My woadfat coveryngs. 1778D. Loch Tour Scot. 43 Adam Dickson, dyer and clothier,..works two woad fats.
1856Morton's Cycl. Agric. II. 1162 The hands..weed the *woad-fields three times.
1419Liber Albus (Rolls) I. 335 Qe nulle ne gette estreyin, poudre, fyms, *wodegor, nautre vilenye.
1705tr. Art of Dying (1913) 350 Sheep should be put into the *Woad grounds to eat up the Grass and Weeds.
1829[H. Best] Lit. Mem. 456 We rode over the farm to the *woad-houses.
1485–6Durham Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 157, ij s. pro operacione lxxix petr. plumbi operati in j *Wadlede.
1822Hortus Anglicus II. 417 *Woad-leaved Centaury.
14..in York Myst. Introd. p. xxvi, *Wadmen. 1799A. Young Agric. Lincoln 155 It [sc. the woad] becomes what the woadmen term foxy. 1800J. Haigh Dyer's Assist. 32 Woadman,..the name given to the Journeyman Dyer, whose principal business is to conduct the woad.
1613J. May Decl. Estate Cloth 30 Some colours haue a slight ground of woad, but farre too weake for the depth of that colour it beares, yet can set vp the *woade marke, or *woade rose, which is vpon the piece at a farre richer depth than the peice is woaded throughout.
1545Rates of Custome Ho. c viij b, *Wodnuttes the C. li vi. s. viii. d. Ibid. d ij, Wodenuttes. 1583Ibid. F vij, Wood⁓nets the c. 1642Rates of Merchandizes 79 Woad⁓nets the hundred containing five score, 00 10 00.
1891Farrar Darkn. & Dawn xliv, But how could those *woad-painted fighters withstand the skill..of our legionaries?
1799A. Young Agric. Lincoln 155 The colour resulting from the *woad plant.
Ibid. 197 The *woad-planter gives 4 or {pstlg}5. per acre per annum.
1800J. Haigh Dyer's Assist. 36 A *woad vat may be set without the addition of indigo. 1865–72Watts Dict. Chem. III. 252 Woad-vat (Pastel vat).
▪ II. † woad, n.2 local. Obs.
Also 7 oade.
[Error for woar, oare, ore5, by confusion with prec.]
woad of the sea: seaweed.
1603G. Owen Pembrokeshire (1892) 55 Havinge lyme, sand, woade of the sea and divers other principall helpes to better the soile, where neede is. Ibid. 59 Oade of the sea. Ibid. 75 The sea ore, or woad as some call yt, which is verye weedes growinge vnder water in the sea.
▪ III. woad, v.|wəʊd|
Also 7 wad, oad; 5 pa. pple. y-wooded.
[f. woad n.1]
1. trans. To dye, colour, or stain with woad, sometimes (in dyeing) as a ground for another colour. Often fig. or in fig. context (cf. double-dyed).
1464Rolls of Parlt. V. 562/1 Cork may be used in dying uppon Wolle y wooded. 1549–50Act 3 & 4 Edw. VI, c. 2 §1 Nor that any person shall..dye any Wooll to be converted into Cloth called Russettes [etc.], unlesse the same Wooll be perfectlie woaded boyled and maddered. 1603Harsnet Pop. Impost. 132 His wit beeing deepe woaded with that melancholick blacke dye. 1613[see woad-mark s.v. woad n.1 3]. c1613Overbury's Wife, etc. Elegies Wks. (1856) 6 Some murdering hand, oaded in guiltlesse blood. 1651Cleveland Poems, Upon Sir T. Martin 31 Tom never oaded Squire, scarce Yeoman high, Is Tom twice dipt Knight of a double dy? 1655W. Gurnall Chr. in Arm. ii. 99 The hypocrite is not thus woaded with impudency, to sinne at noonday. 1660Fuller Mixt Contempl. i. xlix. 76 It was never wet wadded, which giveth the fixation to a colour, and setteth it in the cloth. 1678Pol. Ballads (1860) I. 206 Foul Error's motly vesture first Was oaded in a Northern blue. 1820Southey Wesley I. ix. 306 The Picts were apparently an unconverted tribe of indigenous savages, still tattooed and woaded. 1847Tennyson Princess ii. 105 Tattoo'd or woaded, winter-clad in skins. 1894C. Vickerman Woollen Spinning 98 A piece is sent to the dyer with strict injunctions that it must be ‘woaded,’ that it must have a ground of indigo put upon it for making the colour of the cloth or wool more durable.
b. To treat with woad, in dyeing.
[1579–1862: see woaded.] 1705Whole Art of Dying (1913) 244 'Tis above all of great importance to take care to have a perfect Black, whether it be Madder'd or Woaded only. 1727–38Chambers Cycl. s.v. Dyeing, Bright green is first dyed blue,..and lastly woaded.
†c. transf. (fig.) To ingrain like a dye or stain.
1647Trapp Comm. Matt. xxi. 37. 511 Sin had woaded shamelesnes in their fore-heads. ― Jude i. 2 Sin having oaded an impudency in their faces. 1647C. Harvey Schola Cordis Ode xvii. (1674) 67 The stains of sin I see Are oaded all, or di'd in grain.
2. To plant (land) with woad. rare.
1799A. Young Agric. Lincoln 154 He has now between two and three hundred acres of arable, on land he does not woad, in a course of crops. |