| 释义 |
▪ I. wine, n.1|waɪn|
Forms: 1–4 win, (2–3 uin), 3–6 wyn, 4–6 (7 Sc.) wyne (4 wyin, vyn, 4–5 wijn(e, 4, 6 Sc. vyne, 5 wynne, wyen(e, wyyn(e, wiyn, whyne, whyene, 6 Sc. wynn, vine), 4– wine.
[OE. wín = OFris., OS., MLG., MDu. wîn (Du. wijn), OHG., MHG. wîn (G. wein), ON. vín (Sw., Da. vin), Goth. wein:—OTeut. *wīnom, a. L. vīnum, the source also of the Balto-Slavic (OSl. vino, Lith. vỹnas) and Celtic words (Ir. fín, W. gwîn).
L. vīnum is primitively related to Gr. ϝοῖνος, οἶνος wine, οἴνη vine, wine, Alb. vēne, Arm. gini, which according to some scholars are all derived from a common Mediterranean source, while according to others prim. Arm. *woiniyo (Arm. gini) is the immediate origin of the Gr., Lat., and Alb. words; the nature of the connexion of the Indo-Eur. words with the Semitic (Arab., Ethiopic wain, Hebrew yayin, Assyrian înu) is disputed.]
1. a. The fermented juice of the grape used as a beverage.
It is essentially a dilute solution of alcohol, on the proportion of which in its composition depend its stimulating and intoxicating properties. Wines are classed as red or white, dry or sweet, still or sparkling.
Beowulf 1162 Byrelas sealdon win of wunderfatum. 805–31in Sweet O.E. Texts 444 Selle mon..mittan fulne huniᵹes oðða tueᵹen uuines. 971Blickl. Hom. 165 Ne drincþ he win ne ealu. a1122O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1012 Wæron hi eac swyðe druncene, forþam þær wæs ᵹebroht win suðan. a1175Cott. Hom. 229 He awende water to uine. c1205Lay. 14299 Ane guldene bolle i-uulled mid wine. a1300Cursor M. 180 How þat haly drightin Turned watur in to vyn. Ibid. 12679 He dranc neuer cisar ne wine, Ne wered neuer clath o line. 13..Seuyn Sag. (W.) 211 Other ich am of wine dronke, Other the firmament is i-sonke. c1350Will. Palerne 3259 Þan asked þei þe win & went to bedde after. c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 13 Dilicious ale and spisid and heiȝe wynes. c1386Chaucer Prol. 334 Wel loued he by the morwe a sope in wyn. c1440Gesta Rom. xxi. 339 But man contrarious aunswereth, The wyne is over myghty, it is not good. c1450Brut ii. 422 The cite faste did encrese of bredde and wyn, fisshe and flesshe. 1535Coverdale Ps. ciii[i]. 15 Wyne to make glad y⊇ herte of man. 1577Googe Heresbach's Husb. 148 Old Cheese wyl become new in taste, yf you lay them in Time, Vineger, or in Wine. 1667Milton P.L. i. 502 The Sons Of Belial, flown with insolence and wine. a1718Prior Epitaph 29 Their Beer was strong; Their Wine was Port. 1781Cowper Conversat. 263 When wine has giv'n indecent language birth. 1837Dickens Pickw. viii, ‘It wasn't the wine,’ murmured Mr. Snodgrass,..‘It was the salmon’. (Somehow or other, it never is the wine, in these cases.)
b. As one of the elements in the Eucharist.
c1005in Wright Biogr. Brit. Lit., A.-S. Period (1842) 498 Se Drihten..cwæþ þ̶ se hlaf wære his aᵹen lichama, & þ̶ win wære witodlice his blod. c1100Gloss. in Wr.-Wülcker 128/22 Infertum uinum, messewin. c1200Vices & Virtues 51 Notieð ðat ȝe isieð bread and win wiðuten, and on ȝeure iþanke ilieueð ðat ȝe naht ne ȝesieð. c140026 Pol. Poems xxiii. 37 So dede crist..By holy ordynaunce tauȝt vs to lere, Halwe bred and wyn. a1450Myrc Par. Pr. 251 In þe chalys ys but wyn & water. 1531Test. Ebor. (Surtees) VI. 23 He to fynde the brede and wyne. 1552,1886[see bread n. 2 d]. 1567Gude & Godlie B. (S.T.S.) 17 His blude to drink, in forme of wyne. 1582N. Lichefield tr. Castanheda's Conq. E. Ind. i. xxxix. 92 They consecrate wt leuened bread and with wine made of raisons. 1781Cowper Expost. 377 The Saviour's feast, his own blest bread and wine.
c. With qualifying word denoting colour, place of origin, etc., as alicant wine, claret wine, port-wine, red wine (red a. 16), sherry wine, white wine, wine seck (sack n.3).
a1300Cursor M. 4678 Wines, quite and red. c1430Two Cookery-bks. 35 Take Datys, an do a-way þe stonys, & sethe in swete Wyne. 1436Libel Eng. Policy 53 in Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 160 Wyne bastarde. 1623Markham Engl. Housew. i. 148 The Wines of the hie countries, and which is called Hie-country wine, are made some thirtie or fortie miles beyond Burdeaux. 1632Lithgow Trav. iii. 78 Best Maluasy, Muscadine and Leaticke wines. 1746Francis tr. Hor., Sat. ii. viii. 12 The lees of Coan wine.
d. Regarded as the usual accompaniment of dessert; see also quot. 1843.
1824,1833[see walnut1 1 b]. 1843Lytton Last Bar. i. vi, Madge appeared with the final refreshment called ‘the Wines’, consisting of spiced hippocras and confections. 1859M. Thomson Story of Cawnpore ix. 151 In their wine-and-walnut arguments.
e. fig. or in fig. context.
a1300Cursor M. 21294 Þe stile o matheu, water it was, And win þe letter o lucas. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 154 Allegyng..the dignytees of theyr oyle & wyne of contemplacyon. c1586C'tess Pembroke Ps. cxix. L. ii, I like a smoked bottle am become, And yet the wine of thy commandments hold. 1605Shakes. Macb. ii. iii. 100 The Wine of Life is drawne, and the meere Lees Is left this Vault, to brag of. 1808Scott Marm. i. Introd. 181 The wine of life is on the lees. 1823Byron Island i. iii, Unless he drain the wine of passion—rage. 1825Carlyle in Froude Life (1882) I. xvi. 271 Literature is the wine of life. 1865Kingsley Herew. I. Prel. 19 Cheered by the keen wine of that dry and bracing frost. 1875Stevenson Lett. (1899) I. 94 The look of his face was a wine to me.
f. (a) Phrases.
† to drink wine ape (cf. F. avoir vin de singe), to be merry in one's cups. † wine of height: ‘a former perquisite of seamen on getting safely through a particular navigation’ (Smyth Sailor's Word-bk.). wine of honour (= F. vin d'honneur): wine presented by municipal officers to great personages on their entry into a town. in wine (see in prep. 10 b; cf. F. dans le vin): in a state of intoxication with wine; in one's cups. † to give wine: to draw blood (cf. claret n.2 2). to take wine: to drink wine with another person in a ceremonial manner, esp. as a token of friendship or regard.
c1386Chaucer Manciple's Prol. 44 Me thynketh ye been wel yshape. I trowe that ye dronken han wyn Ape. 1518Sel. Pl. Star Chamb. (Selden) II. 134 He seyd vyolently on to hym I shall gyve the a quart of Wyne. 1594in Capt. J. Smith's Virginia (Arb.) 633 The Pilots..demanded of the Captaine their Wine of hight as out of all danger. 1600Shakes. A.Y.L. iii. v. 73, I am falser then vowes made in wine. 1706Lond. Gaz. No. 4276/3 The Magistrates waited on his Grace..and presented him with what they call the Wine of Honour. 1742Richardson Pamela III. 190, I am not sure..whether I should not have Reason to wish you were brought home in Wine, rather than to come home so sober..as you do. 1837Dickens Pickw. ii, ‘Glass of wine, sir?’ ‘With pleasure,’ said Mr. Pickwick; and the stranger took wine, first with him,..and then with the whole party together. 1856Emerson Engl. Traits, Relig. Wks. (Bohn) II. 102 If a Bishop meets an intelligent gentleman, and reads fatal interrogations in his eyes, he has no resource but to take wine with him. 1904Sir A. Geikie Scott. Remin. xi. 318 One still meets with old-fashioned gentlemen, especially at public dinners, who ‘take wine with you’.
(b) Proverbs and proverbial phrases.
new wine in old bottles (see Matt. ix. 17). to look on the wine when it is red (see Prov. xxiii. 31). good wine needs no (ivy)bush (see also bush n.1 5 c, ivy-bush). when wine is in, wit (or truth) is out. wine and women (Ecclus. xix. heading, A.V.).
1420–22Lydg. Thebes 1732 Wyn and wymmen ben ek set a-syde. a1532Rem. Love xxxvii. Chaucer's Wks. 367/1 Wyne and women in to apostasy Cause wyse men to fal. 1535Coverdale Prov. xxiii. 31 Loke not thou vpon the wyne, how reed it is. 1546J. Heywood Prov. (1867) 23 Ye praise the wyne, before ye tast of the grape. 1616T. Windham Commend. Poem in J. Lane Contin. Sqr.'s T. 7 The ivie needes not, wheare theare is good wine. 1616T. Draxe Bibl. Scholast. 235 When the wine is in, the wit is out. 1621Burton Anat. Mel. i. ii. iii. xiii. 160 Those two maine plagues and common dotages of humane kind, Wine & Women. 1727Gay Begg. Op. ii. i, Women and Wine should Life employ. 1755B. Franklin Poor Richard (1890) 241 When the Wine enters, out goes the Truth. 1819Byron Juan ii. clxxviii, Let us have wine and women, mirth and laughter, Sermons and soda-water the day after. 1862Thackeray Philip vii, As Doctor Luther sang, Who loves not wine, woman, and song, He is a fool his whole life long.
g. In collocation with other words, as wine and water (hence wine-and-watery adj.), wine(s) and spirit(s) (also attrib.), wine and cheese (party, etc.), cake and wine; see also d.
1819Byron Juan ii. lvii, The same cause..Left him so drunk, he jump'd into the wave,..And so he found a wine-and-watery grave. 1828Wine & Spirit Adulterators Unmasked 12 The spurious Brandy, which generally comprises the stock of the Advertising Wine and Spirit Merchant. 1843Penny Cycl. XXVII. 467/1 Wine and Spirit Trade. 1867H. Latham Black & White 111 Able to produce the cake and wine of hospitality. 1961Daily Tel. 5 Dec. 9/2 To my mind, the ideal wine and cheese party is given around midday. 1969Times 25 Sept. 27/2 All 550 members of the staff have been invited to a wine and cheese party on that day. 1976M. Duke Death at Wedding xiii. 148 He's gone to the local Labour Party wine-and-cheese do. 1977B. Pym Quartet in Autumn xvii. 155 She did not feel capable of guessing what kind of an evening party, for she could only think of ‘wine and cheese’ which seemed altogether unworthy of Mr Strong.
2. In wider use, usually with qualifying word: A fermented liquor made from the juice of other fruits, or from grain, flowers, the sap of various trees (e.g. birch and palm), etc.: sometimes called made wine (made ppl. a. 3).
the wine of the country (= F. le vin de pays): properly, the wine made in a particular locality for local consumption; usually transf. the alcoholic beverage most drunk in a particular country, or regarded as peculiar to it.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvii. clxxxvii. (Add. MS. 27944), Wyne ymade is ymade by crafte of good spicery & herbes. And it fareþ of þe wyn þat hatte Salinacum & of þe wyn þat hatte rosatum & Gariofilatum. 1542Boorde Dyetary x. (1870) 254 All maner of wynes be made of grapes, excepte respyse, the whiche is made of a bery. 1613[see palm n.1 7]. 1694Worlidge Two Treatises 102 Peaches also and Apricocks, by some are made to yield pleasant Wines. 1710in Swift's Lett. (1767) III. 29, I spent the evening with Wortley Mountague and Mr. Addison, over a bottle of Irish wine. 1712Addison Spect. No. 328 That detestable Catalogue of counterfeit Wines, which derive their Names from the Fruits, Herbs or Trees of whose Juices they are chiefly compounded. 1746Warton Progr. Discontent 84 And tho' she boasts no charms divine, yet she can carve and make birch wine. 1750(title) οινος κριθινος, a Dissertation concerning the Origin and Antiquity of Barley Wine. 1803J. Burney Discov. S. Sea i. iii. 88 The wine of rice. 1817H. Matthews Diary of an Invalid (1820) ii. 39 As much of the wine of the country as you like. 1842Loudon Suburban Hort. 561 The gooseberry... Wines and brandies are made from the green fruit. 1865A. Trollope Can you forgive Her? II. xxxvi. 287 He had ordered a bottle of Sauterne; but the landlord had thought..that a bottle of ordinary wine of the country would do as well. 1888W. B. Churchward Blackbirding 102 What they called the wine of the country—square gin.
3. Pharmacy. A solution of a medicinal substance (denoted by a qualifying word) in wine; a medicated wine.
1652,1900[see steel n.1 12]. 1728Chambers Cycl. II. s.v. Wine, Chalybeate, or Steel Wine, is prepared of steel filings. 1811A. T. Thomson Lond. Disp. (1815) 655 The solutions thus formed have been denominated Medicated Wines. Ibid. 656 Wine of Ipecacuanha. 1866Aitken Pract. Med. II. 51 The wine of the root of colchicum.
4. A wine-party, esp. of undergraduates.
1857‘C. Bede’ Mr Verdant Green Married xii. 101 Mr Bouncer..gave his last wine (wherein he produced some ‘very old port’). 1860W. W. Reade Liberty Hall I. viii. 130 When I go out to a wine I always bring my own straws. 1862Kingsley Alton Locke xiii. (new ed.) 123 The interval being taken up..in ‘wines’, and an hour of billiards. 1885M. Pattison Mem. 144 Oh the icy coldness, the dreary Egyptian blankness of that ‘wine’.
5. spirit(s) of wine, alcohol, rectified spirit; oil of wine, œnanthic ester; also, a heavy oily liquid (heavy oil of wine) consisting of etherin, etherol, and ethyl sulphate, called also ethereal oil. See also low-wines.
[Cf. quot. 1626 s.v. roscid a.]1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. iii. xxi. 161 An evaparation of spirits of wine and Camphir. a1648Digby Chym. Secr. (1682) 172 An excellent Spirit of Wine, fit to draw Tinctures. 1741Complete Fam.-Piece i. iv. 246 Pour on it a Pint of the ordinary Spirit of Wine, that of twelve-pence a Quart. 1807T. Thomson Chem. (ed. 3) II. 411 A peculiar kind of oil known by the name of sweet oil of wine. 1839Ure Dict. Arts I. 43 Raymond Lully was acquainted with ‘spirits of wine’, which he called aqua ardens. 1882Watts Dict. Chem. II. 507 Heavy oil of wine,..according to Liebig, an ethyl⁓sulphate of etherol.
6. A wine-glass. Usu. in pl.
1848Thackeray Little Dinner at Timmins's iii, It was calculated that..a dozen or so tumblers, four or five dozen wines, eight water-bottles..were requisite. 1935W. A. Thorpe Eng. Glass iv. 129 Mansell had three grades of ‘wines’ which in 1639 he described as follows..‘Ordinary Drinking-Glasses—for Wine.’ 1947Glass Notes Dec. 16 Problem for 1948, to discover the following:..a facet stem wine with a domed foot. 1974Habitat Catal. 72/2 Bistro. Really good value for drinking anything from sherry to sweet stout. 3½ oz sherry 14p, 5 oz wine 15p 8 oz goblet 16p.
7. Passing into adj. A dark red colour.
1895Montgomery Ward Catal. 3/1 Royal Serge, 22 inches wide, in plain, solid colors..Colors: Cardinal, wine, brown. 1923[see laurel n.1 2 e]. 1950B. Pym Some Tame Gazelle xv. 166 She had visions of herself..in her brown velvet or wine crêpe de Chine. 1981Country Life 22 Jan. 226/3 Feather-stitch grey and wine pullover.
8. attrib. and Comb.
a. Simple attrib. (a) Of, made of or with, wine, as wine alcohol, wine-breath, wine-draff, wine-drast, wine-dregs, wine-harvest (also attrib.), wine-marc, wine-mother, wine-must, wine-offering, wine-posset, wine-sap, wine-sauce, † wine-shench (also attrib.), wine-sillabub, wine-stain.
c1000Ags. Ps. (Th.) ciii. 14 [civ. 15] Heortan manna must and windrinc myclum blissað. c1205Lay. 3529 Heo iward reode on hire benche, swilche hit were of wine scenche. c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 186 Þeron schulen be dissolued wijndrastis brent. c1440Pallad. on Husb. iii. 162 Wyndraf is good also commyxt with donge. c1440Promp. Parv. 529/2 Wyne dreggys, or lye. 1580Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong, Grappage, grape-gathering, wyne haruest. Ibid., Vendangeur, a Wine-haruest man. 1597A. M. tr. Guillemeau's Fr. Chirurg. 21 b/1 The wine mother or dregge. 1601Holland Pliny xxiii. i. II. 147 As many as have lien among wine-Marc. 1667Milton P.L. xii. 21 With large Wine-offerings pour'd. 1701S. Sewall Diary 2 June (1879) II. 36 Treated them with bread, Beer, wine Sillibub. 1794–6E. Darwin Zoon. (1801) IV. 424 He gradually takes more custard every day,..and takes wine syllabub. 1809–12M. Edgeworth Absentee vi, The wine-sauce for the hare was spilt by their collision. 1818Dk. Sussex in Lady Morgan Autobiogr. (1859) 19 You did not expect me to have stayed for the wine-posset? 1838Dickens O. Twist xlviii, Wine-stains, fruit-stains, beer-stains. 1853Ure Dict. Arts I. 155 The fermentation of wine-must. 1857Miller Elem. Chem., Org. (1862) i. §2. 29 Wood spirit and fousel oil..are termed homologues of wine alcohol. 1917D. H. Lawrence Look! We have come Through! 158, I want the fine, kindling wine-sap of spring. 1922W. B. Yeats Seven Poems 1 Being sharpened by his death To drink from the wine-breath While our gross palates drink from the whole wine.
(b) Of, for, or connected with the production, sale, storing, or use of wine, as wine-barrel, wine basket, wine-bin, wine-bottle, wine-bowl, wine box, wine-butt, wine-can, wine-cask, wine cistern, wine-country, wine-cup (also fig.), wine-decanter, wine-district, wine-flask, wine funnel, wine-gourd, wine-horn (OE.), wine industry, wine-jar, wine jug, wine-kitchen, wine-land, wine-merchant, wine-office, wine-pipe, wine-shop, wine-store, wine table, wine-tavern (hence † wine-taverner), wine-trade, wine-trough, wine-tun, wine-vessel.
c950Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xxi. 33 Monn..seðe ᵹesette ðone winᵹeard..& dalf in ðær win-troᵹ. c1000Rule of Chrodegang vi, Ᵹif hwa on þam winlandum..win wylle forgan. c1000in Thorpe Anc. Laws (1840) II. 354 Ne he ne drince æt wintunnum. c1205Lay. 30677 He hafde on his uore wintunnen inoȝe. 13..Sir Beues (A.) 2673 Sextene fot a was a lingþe; His bodi ase a wintonne. 1382Wyclif Josh. ix. 4 Rent wyn botels. ― Job xxxii. 19 Must..that breketh newe litle win vesselys. 1401Close Roll 2 Hen. IV, ii. m. 10 dorso (P.R.O.) Thomas Nightgale wyntaverner. c1449Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 223 The Water-Bowge and the Wyne-Botelle. 1530Palsgr. lf. 178, I Broche a wyne vessell. 1535Coverdale Hos. iii. 1 They..loue the wyne kannes. 1538Elyot, Oenopolium, a wyne tauerne. 1580Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong, Vn verdun, a wine troughe. 1597A. M. tr. Guillemeau's Fr. Chirurg. 41 b/1 Ashes which are burned of the inveterate sydes of a wyne pipe. 1622J. Taylor (Water P.) Shilling B 6, From thence vnto the Wine-Marchant I went. 1635Heywood Philocoth. 46 Flagons, Tankards, Beere-cups, Wine-bowles. 1636Bulkeley Gospel Covt. iv. 306 The heart..having beene as a Wine⁓vessell, which hath had no vent. 1684Invent. in Archaeol. Cambr., Orig. Doc. (1877) 9 In the Sellar..two wine casks. 1714Mandeville Fab. Bees (1723) I. 81 That multitude of Wine-Merchants, Vintners, Coopers. 1736Gentl. Mag. VI. 340/1 Portugal, and other Wine-Countries. 1766Entick London IV. 351 The freemen..have the privilege of retailing wine without a licence from the Wine-office. 1780T. Davies Mem. Garrick ii. (1781) 16 He engaged for some time in the wine trade. a1800Fair Annie xxvii. in Child Ballads (1885) iii. 70/2 Has your wine barrels cast the girds? 1816Scott Old Mort. xxxiv, Thou..hast partaken of the wine⁓cup of fury. 1819― Ivanhoe I. xiv. 294 He raised..the wine-cup to his lips. 1821― Kenilw. xviii, He..took another long pull at the wine flask. 1825Cobbett Rur. Rides (1885) I. 345 The 'Squire had many wine-decanters. 1833Moore Mem. (1853) I. 2 My father kept a small wine store in Johnson's Court. 1835Dickens Sk. Boz. (1836) 1st Ser. I. 291 Waiters with wine-baskets in their hands are placing decanters of Sherry down the tables. 1835J. E. Alexander Sk. in Portugal xi. 260 A considerable reach of the river was also seen to the east and west, and the wine-district in the far distance of Alto Douro. 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. i. v. v, Fat are your larders; over-generous your wine-bins. Ibid. ii. vi. viii, Wine-bottles were broken, wine-butts were staved in and drunk. 1838J. G. Flügel Compl. Dict. Ger. & Eng. Languages II. 833/2 Wein,..-trichter, m. wine-funnel. 1839Poe in Burton's Gentleman's Mag. Oct. 212, I had indulged more freely than usual in the excesses of the wine-table. 1848Dickens Dombey lv, A troubled vision..of wine-shops, water-carriers, great crowds of people. 1853― Bleak Ho. v, Pickle bottles, wine bottles, ink bottles. 1855Kingsley Heroes, Argon. vi. 189 Heracles opened the fatal wine-jar. 1864Burton Scot Abr. I. v. 319 Wine-barrels would burst if the bung were not sometimes opened to give them air. 1875Ure's Dict. Arts III. 1142 Hérault is the most important wine country in the south of France. 1881W. J. Cripps College & Corporation Plate v. 132 (caption) Wine Cistern, circa 1701. 1910S. W. Bushell Chinese Art II. 17 The poets of the time liken their wine cups to ‘disks of thinnest ice’. 1922Joyce Ulysses 142 'Tis the hour, methinks, when the winejug, metaphorically speaking, is most grateful in Ye ancient hostelry. 1924D. H. Lawrence in M. Magnus Mem. Foreign Legion 45 So we went into a little cave of a wine-kitchen to drink a glass of wine. 1935Burlington Mag. May p. xli/2 A superb wine-table, also tripod, a pair of torchères, circa 1760. 1952L. MacNeice Ten Burnt Offerings 56 Did not these whitewashed rooms among wine-gourds, goat-skins, ikons, Include a letter or two with a foreign postmark. 1963Punch 21 Aug. 280/2 The most northerly German winelands. 1966P. V. Price France 132 More than three million Frenchmen are engaged in the wine industry and there are about a million and a half wine growers. 1966P. V. Price France 133 The wine trade in Great Britain consider that the British wine drinker is protected..by the laws of the country. 1971Country Life 1 Apr. 766/1 His [sc. Thomas Heming's] earlier shallow sauce tureens..were echoed in his own 1,457-ounce massive wine cistern for Belton House. 1971Sunday Times (Johannesburg) 28 Mar. 25/1, (Advt.), On a southern mountain slope, in the heart of the Stellenbosch winelands, the skills of man and the secrets of nature combine to create five distinctive wines. 1974Habitat Catal. 81/2 Wicker wine basket. For serving fine delicate wines, without disturbing the sediment. 1976R. M. Stern Will iv. 24 Prohibition stifled the California wine industry. 1976Derbyshire Times (Peak ed.) 3 Sept. 15/5 (Advt.), Two Walnut pie crust wine tables. 1976National Observer (U.S.) 4 Dec. 8/3 A bureau spokesman says it could be the first step toward establishment of a national wine-district system similar to that of France. 1977Times 14 May 13/3 Accommodation will be heavily booked at vintage time by the wine trade. 1980Catal. Fine Chinese Ceramics (Sotheby, Hong Kong) 75 An incised white dragon Winecup of thinly potted bell shape. 1981R. Manheim tr. G. Grass's Meeting at Telgte xv. 88 His busy treasure hunting seemed to leave him no free hand for the wine jug. 1981Times 17 Oct. 12/7 A Dundee wine funnel of about 1820 by William Law sold for {pstlg}680. 1982Daily Tel. 8 Dec. 17/1 Wine boxes have made buying easier... Wine boxes are generally about {pstlg}7.50 for three litres. 1984Which? May 195/1 Which? Wine Monthly has been testing wine boxes again. A few this time were rather nice..but many were still disappointing, particularly when they'd been opened for a week or so.
(c) With reference to the colour of wine, as wine colour n., and predicatively as adj., wine tint; wine-black, wine-bright, wine-coloured, wine-red adjs., wine-yellow (after G. weingelb) adj., also as n.; wine-tint vb.
1805T. Weaver Werner's Ext. Charact. Fossils 57 Wine⁓yellow is a pale reddish-yellow colour. 1831Brewster Optics xliii. 369 All achromatic telescopes..exhibit the secondary colours, viz. the wine-coloured and the green fringes. 1838T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 402 The wine-red substance which remains in solution in the carbonate of ammonia. 1842Johnston in Proc. Berw. Nat. Club II. No. 10. 36 The foot of the snail is a wine-yellow. 1855Milman Lat. Christ. xiv. x. VI. 606 In the East, the Christ is..of delicate complexion, dark beard (it is sometimes called wine-coloured beard). 1857Miller Elem. Chem., Org. (1862) viii. 621 A wine-red amorphous precipitate. 1863T. W. Higginson Army Life (1870) 57 He is jet-black, or rather, I should say, wine-black. 1876Swinburne Erechtheus 114 His wine-bright waves. 1876Encycl. Brit. IV. 644/2 Cairngorm,..a wine-yellow or brown variety of rock-crystal. 1893Daily News 14 Feb. 2/3 Wine tints. 1895S. Crane Red Badge iii, A glaring fire wine-tinted the waters of the river. 1902R. W. Chambers Maids Parad. xxii. 381 The twigs on the peach-trees had turned wine-colour.
b. Objective, as wine-bottler, wine conner, † wine-crier, wine-drinker, wine-importer, wine-lover, wine-maker, wine-seller, wine-shipper, wine-spiller, † wine-sucker, † wine-supper, † wine-tapper, † wine-tunner, wine-vendor, wine-worshipper; wine-drinking, wine-loving, wine-making, wine-producing, wine-selling, wine-swilling, wine-yielding, vbl. ns. and ppl. adjs.; also wine-like adj.
c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. xi. 19 Her ys ettul mann & win⁓drincende. a1100Aldhelm Gloss. i. 2652 (Napier 72/1) Cauponibus, i. negotiatoribus, wintæpperum. 1382Wyclif 2 Kings xxv. 12 Wyne makers, and erthtiliers. 1398Wyne drinkinge [see untemperately adv.]. 14..Nom. in Wr.-Wülcker 697/20 Hic vinitor, a wynmaker. c1483Caxton Dialogues 35/23 Frederik the wyn criar. 1535Coverdale Joel i. 5 Mourne all ye wyne suppers, because of youre swete wyne. 1550Rental Bk. Cupar-Angus (1880) II. 76 Wyne selling, or ony vther mercheandice. 1591Percivall Sp. Dict., Vendimiador, a wine maker. 1598Stow Surv. 192 The successors of those Uintners and wine Drawers..were all incorporated by the name of wine tunners, in the 15. of Henry the sixt. 1601Dolman La Primaud. Fr. Acad. III. 329 A wine-like iuyce. 1604Meeting of Gallants at Ordinarie C 1 b, This strange Wine-sucker. 1607G. Wilkins Miseries Enforced Marr. iii. D 4, Scrape⁓trencher,..Wine-spiller. 1611[see conner1]. 1639Junius Sinne Stigmatiz'd 313 These wine-worshippers will be at it on their knees. 1676Worlidge Vinetum Brit. 41 Wine-yielding-fruits. 1748Richardson Clarissa I. 267 My..aunt Hervey had..given us to apprehend much disagreeable evil..from a wine-lover. 1814P. P. Carnell (title) A treatise on family winemaking. 1825Scott Talism. xxi, Ye beef-devouring, wine-swilling English mastiffs. 1835Lytton Rienzi x. vii, An honest wine-vender. 1846R. Ford Gatherings from Spain xiv. 150 The wine-producing districts. 1855Pusey Doctr. Real Presence Note S. 473 Some consecrated virgins pleaded for their wine-drinking that it was the element used in the Sacrament. 1875Ure's Dict. Arts III. 1136 The great wine⁓producing district of Burgundy. 1881V. Lush Jrnl. 27 Aug. (1975) 245 If life and health be spared to us, wine-making will become hence⁓forth like jam making and fruit tinning, one of the fixed employments of the Autumn. 1895Cornh. Mag. Nov. 506 As early as 1141 we hear of the wine criers..being an organised body in France. 1900J. Hutchinson Archives Surg. XI. 206 A robust-looking man, by occupation a wine-bottler. 1921‘L. H. Davison’ Movements in European Hist. iv. 43 The Romans of Latium were short, dark men of the wine⁓loving lands. 1935A. G. Macdonell Visit to Amer. x. 183 California could produce a vin ordinaire to sell at thirty or forty [cents]. If she did, she would gradually build up a great community of wine drinkers. 1949C. Graves Ireland Revisited x. 151 The traditional story about James Lynch Fitzstephen is that he was a leading wine-shipper in Galway. 1959E. H. Clements High Tension ii. 21 My family were wine-importers with offices in London, Edinburgh and Bordeaux. 1972Times (Wines & Spirits Suppl.) 27 Nov. p. viii/5 With their large number of outlets they could go direct to wine growers on the Continent, by-passing the wine shippers. 1979A. Maling Koberg Link (1980) xxv. 135 ‘We have vineyards.’.. ‘Tough business, winemaking.’ 1980Times 27 Nov. 21/1 A wine-loving traveller. 1981W. J. Burley House of Care i. 6 His job with a firm of London wine importers. 1983Listener 14 July 18/3 Burgundy and Bordeaux are still the British wine⁓drinker's dream lands.
c. Instrumental, as winebig, wine-crowned, wine-drabbled, wine-drenched, wine-driven, wine-ensanguined, wine-fizzling, wine-flushed, † wine-heat, wine-heated, wine-heavy, wine-inspired, wine-shaken, wine-stained, wine-stuffed, wine-warm; also wine-hardy, wine-red, wine-wise adjs.
a1000Judith 71 Weras winsade. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 213 Idele lehtres and winrede bruwes [at drinche]. c1563Jack Juggler (facs.) C 4, Wine shakin pilorye peepours. 1598Sylvester Du Bartas ii. ii. i. Ark 137 His wine⁓stuft stomack wrung with wind he feels. 1611J. Davies Commend. Poems Wks. (Grosart) II. 15/1 Their wine-driv'n brains, involv'd in follie's cloud. 1612Beaum. & Fl. Coxcomb i. i, The Gentleman is Wine-wise. 1615Chapman Odyss. iii. 200 Their wine-heat bloud. Ibid. xviii. 481 For feare can get no state In your wine-hardy stomacke. 1677A. Behn Rover ii. i, The Wine Inspir'd Bullies of the Town. 1835Dickens Sk. Boz, Parl. Sk., The playful exuberance of their wine-inspired fancies. 1852Thackeray Esmond i. Introd., Such a wine-drabbled divinity. 1859Tennyson Geraint & Enid 1200 Wine-heated from the feast. 1867Morris Jason v. 217 A wine-crowned golden cup. 1897W. B. Yeats Secret Rose 2 The old and foolish king..snored fitfully in a wine-heavy sleep. 1899― Wind among Reeds 49 Dwelt among wine-stained wanderers in deep woods. 1912E. Pound Ripostes 26 Wealthy and wine⁓flushed. 1914W. B. Yeats Responsibilities 2 Those wine-drenched eyes. 1922Joyce Ulysses 249 John Henry Menton..stared from winebig oyster eyes. Ibid. 420 Come on, you winefizzling..existences! 1925H. Acton in Oxf. Poetry 4 And we had thought to fashion of our joy Round crackling pearls to pelt our wine-drenched loves. 1928W. B. Yeats tr. Sophocles' King Oedipus 6 And Bacchus' wine-ensanguined face that all the Maenads sing. 1953C. Day Lewis Italian Visit vi. 65 When cypresses jetted like fountains of wine-warm air. 1964J. Michie tr. Horace's Odes i. vii. 33 Set on his wine-flushed brow brave garlands of poplar. 1983J. Masters Man of War xxiii. 299 A Michelin map spread out on the wine-stained..table.
9. a. Special combs.: wine apple [cf. G. weinapfel, Du. wijnappel], a large red apple with a winy flavour; † wine ball = wine-stone; wine bar, (a) a bar or counter in a club, shop, etc., where wine is kept or sold; (b) a licensed establishment specializing in the serving of wine (and food); † wine-belly a., with a belly full of wine; wine-biscuit, a small light biscuit served with wine; wine book, (a) a book for keeping records of wines bought and consumed; (b) a book about wines; † wine-brewer (see quot.); wine-buff, a wine enthusiast; † wine-bush = bush n.1 5; wine butler, a servant who has charge of the wine-cellar and serves the wine (cf. butler n. 1 a); wine-cake, a cake of which wine was an ingredient; wine-card [= G. weinkarte] = wine-list; wine-cart, a cart in which wine is conveyed, esp. for sale; wine-cave, a cave in which wine is kept to mature; wine coaster = coaster 6; wine-cooler, a vessel in which bottles of wine can be immersed in ice or iced liquid; also fig.; wine-cooper = cooper n.1 2; wine-crust (see crust n. 5 b); wine-dance, a dance performed in celebration of wine; wine-dark a., of the colour of deep-red wine; used esp. to render Gr. οἴνοψ as an epithet of the sea; occas. (poet.) as n.; wine-dot [joc. f. wyandotte] Austral. slang, an addict of cheap wine; † wine-drawer, (a) a carrier or seller of wine; (b) one who draws wine from the cask for customers; wine farm S. Afr., a farm on which grapes are grown for winemaking and on which wine is frequently made; wine-farmer, a vine-grower; wine-fly, any fly (as of the genus Piophila), the larva of which lives in wine or other fermented liquor; wine fountain, a large vessel for holding and dispensing wine; wine-gallon, the standard gallon by which wine is measured (see quot. 1706); † wine garland, a tavern sign in the form of a garland or bush of ivy; † wine-gnat, app. = wine-fly; wine-god, a or the god of wine, esp. Bacchus, Dionysus; wine-grower, one who cultivates vines for the production of wine; so wine-growing vbl. n. and ppl. a.; wine gum [gum n.2 1 g], a fruit-flavoured sweetmeat made with gelatine; † wine-knight, one who drinks valiantly; wine label, (a) a label hung round the neck of a decanter to indicate what wine it holds; (b) the paper label affixed to a bottle of wine, stating its name and provenance; wine lake, a stockpile or surplus of wine; † wine law [law n.2; cf. lawing n.], payment for one's share of wine; wine list, a list of the wines that may be obtained at a restaurant; wine lodge, (a) = lodge n. 12 c; (b) a licensed establishment selling wine, beer, and soft drinks; winemanship, the display of real or pretended knowledge about wine; wine-measure, the standard of liquid measure used for wine; wine-palm, any palm from which palm-wine is obtained; wine-party, a party, esp. of undergraduates, the chief object of which is to drink wine; wine-piercer (see quot.); wine-pint, -quart (cf. wine-gallon); wine-porter, one whose business it is to carry wine, esp. to deposit it in cellars; wine rack, a frame with compartments for holding bottles of wine; wine room, a bar-room where wine is served; wine-roping, the development of ropiness in wine; † wine-sack, a sack used for straining wine; wine-sap, a large red American winter apple; wine-shades (see shade n. 10); wine-shed, the ‘shedding’ or pouring out of wine (a facetious formation after bloodshed); wine-skin, a wine-vessel made of an animal's skin; fig. one who ‘fills his skin’ with wine, a tippler; also transf.; wine snob (see quot. 1951); hence wine-snobbery; wine-sop, † (a) a sop in wine; † (b) and (c) = sops-in-wine 1, 2; (d) winesop black, a salmon fly; winesour, a small acid variety of plum; wine-spirit, spirit of wine; † wine-sprung a., intoxicated; wine steward, a servant responsible for serving wine; wine-stone, the deposit of crude tartar or argol found in wine-casks (cf. G. weinstein); wine-taster, (a) one who judges the quality of wine by tasting; (b) an instrument for drawing a small sample of wine from a cask; wine-tasting, testing the quality of wine by tasting; an occasion when this is done; wine-vault(s, (a) a vault in which wine is stored (vault n. 2 b); (b) a pretentious name for a public-house; wine-vinegar (cf. G. weinessig), vinegar made from wine, as opposed to malt vinegar; wine-wagon, (a) = wine-cart; (b) a carriage on which bottles of wine are brought into a room; wine waiter, a waiter responsible for serving wine; similarly wine waitress; wine-warrant, a warrant authorizing the delivery of wine from bond; † wine-washing a., ‘washing’ or swilling as wine; wine-whey, whey made by curdling milk with wine (see whey n. 1 b); wine writer, a person who writes about wine for publication.
1802G. V. Sampson Statist. Surv. Londonderry 438 *Wine-apple; from its dark red colour.
c1440Promp. Parv. 529/2 *Wyyne ballys.., pilaterie, vel pile tartaree.
1938R. Graves Count Belisarius iii. 65, I was busy at some task behind the *wine-bar. 1940M. Sadleir Fanny by Gaslight i. 270 He offered her a job as barmaid... Her new place of business was a girlery as well as a wine-bar. 1976Amer. Speech 1974 XLIX. 117 Wine bar, counter in a liquor store, stocked with wines. 1981B. Knox Killing in Antiques iv. 87 Dunbar stopped the car in a side street..just a stone's throw from the wine bar. 1983Which? Dec. (Publications Suppl.), For an accurate description of over 200 wine bars across the country, this section of the book is unbeatable, with critical comments on the range of wines, and an assessment of the food and perceptive summing-up of the atmosphere.
1603Dekker & Chettle Grissil 2560 Dost thou not see our *wine-bellie drunkards reele?
1835C. F. Hoffman Winter in West II. 100 A tray of *wine-biscuits and a fragrant Ohio cheese.
1947L. G. Green Tavern of Seas vii. 59 Documents, *wine⁓books, casks and iron chests..all make a picture of careful work and gay entertainment. 1975–76Listener 25 Dec. & 1 Jan. 891/1 It is easy to mock the pretensions of wine writers... Writing a new wine book is as difficult as building a better mouse-trap.
1709Tatler No. 131 ⁋1 A..fraternity of chymical operators, who..can..draw Champagne from an Apple... These adepts are known among one another by the name of *Wine-Brewers.
1976Listener 5 Aug. 158/2 One area which beer connoisseurs will have to cultivate in order to approach the influence of *wine-buffs—the language of appreciation.
1638R. Brathwait Barnabees Jrnl. D d viij, The Poets *wine-bush, which they use to prate on.
1880E. W. Hamilton Diary 9 May (1972) I. 10, I have been offered and have undertaken the post of Chief *Wine Butler to Mr. G., which I hope will secure something rather less nasty in his cellars. 1973Times 25 Aug. 12/6 Wine service is of such skill that it should make the average English wine butler blush.
a1661B. Holyday Juvenal (1673) 95 Why loose thy feast and *wine-cakes [orig. mustacea], when thy friends Half-cloy'd depart? 1837Wheelwright tr. Aristophanes I. 58 The wine-cake [οίνοῦτταν], honey, figs, whate'er 'tis right For Mercury to eat.
1851Mayne Reid Scalp Hunters ii, Whenever I took up a *wine-card or a pencil, these articles were snatched out of my fingers.
1837W. B. Adams Carriages i. 25 A *wine-cart, or rather waggon. 1908Daily Chron. 20 Mar. 4/6 Wine-carts used to go round the streets of Edinburgh dispensing the ‘lairds' drink’ to jug-customers.
1845Dodd Brit. Manuf. 82 The *wine⁓caves of Epernay.
1956G. Taylor Silver ix. 201 *Wine Coasters, circular wooden base on baize, with silver sides. 1971Country Life 15 July 183/1 The platform [of a cruet] was encircled with a deep gallery of wood..in the manner of a giant wine coaster.
1815Scott Guy M. xiii, Dominie, take the key of the *wine-cooler,..the gentleman will surely take something. 1828Lytton Disowned xl, Borodaile's looks are the best wine coolers in the world. 1848Wine-cooler [see en permanence s.v. en prep.] 1977W. M. Spackman Armful of Warm Girl 29 The waiter had swooped in rolling a second wine-cooler to set beside the first.
1635Canterbury Marr. Licences Ser. ii. (1894) 1079/1 Edward Orlcocke of the city of London, *wine-cooper. 1765Tucker Lt. Nat. (1834) II. 528 Brewing poisonous liquors in a wine-cooper's vaults. 1837[see cooper n.1 2].
1872Symonds Dante 213 Mildew is now where the *wine-crust used to be.
1920D. H. Lawrence Touch & Go i. ii. 29 They begin to sing, dancing meanwhile, in a free little ballet⁓manner, a *wine-dance, dancing separate and then together.
1855Kingsley Westw. Ho! vi, The *wine-dark depths of the crystal. 1865M. E. Braddon Sir Jasper xxvi, The..Marquise, in her wine-dark violet dress. 1879Butcher & Lang Odyssey 7 Sailing over the wine-dark sea. 1934W. B. Yeats tr. Sophocles' Oedipus at Colonus in Coll. Plays 543 Come praise The wine-dark of the wood's intricacies.
1953T. A. G. Hungerford Riverslake 35 ‘Is he a *wine-dot?’ ‘Is he hell!.. He's never off it.’ 1976D. Hewett This Old Man comes rolling Home 11 Gawd, you smell like an old wine-dot, Laurie.
1415York Myst. Introd. p. xxvi, *Wyndrawers. 1468Mann. & Househ. Exp. (Roxb.) 522 Of Reynold the wynedrawer vij. pipz. 1536Rem. Sedition 18 b, If a tapster or a wyne drawer recken a peny or two more than his duetie. 1583Foxe A. & M. 1690/2 He desired the wine drawer that he might haue a pinte of malmesy & a loafe. 1705tr. Bosman's Guinea ix. 120 The Commonalty, such as Wine-Drawers, Fishermen, and such like.
1923O. Schreiner in Cape Times 18 Aug. 3/1 The sinking valley with its sprinkling of *wine-farms. 1970Cape Times 28 Oct. 21/1 (Advt.), Choice Wine Farm in extent 40 morgen. 1984Times 1 Nov. 27/7 He had invited Miss Budd to stay on his wine farm.
1792A. Young Trav. France I. 133 The greatest *wine-farmer in all Champagne. 1909Westm. Gaz. 16 Aug. 5/1 The very wine-farmers appear to have agreed to drop..their agitation for the repeal of the Excise. 1915G. McC. Theal Hist. S. Afr. 1795–1872 ii. 36 The British government held out great inducements to South African winefarmers to increase the quantity of their produce.
1585Higins Junius' Nomencl. 73/1 Ephemera,..a day flie, liuing not aboue a dayes space, or *wineflies. 1658Rowland tr. Moufet's Theat. Ins. 949 The Fly Bibio..called..in the English, Wine Fly. 1753Chambers' Cycl. Suppl. s.v. Wine, Wine-Fly,..a small black fly, found in empty Wine-casks, and about Wine-lees.
1889Cent. Dict., *Wine-fountain. 1931E. Wenham Domestic Silver ii. 17 Wine-fountains nearly 4 feet long and 3 feet wide. 1969E. H. Pinto Treen 53/1 The lignum vitae wine fountain..is part of the Burrell Bequest to Glasgow Museum and Art Gallery.
1657Partridge Double Scale Prop. (1671) 68 So many *Wine-gallons are in that vessel. 1706Act 6 Anne c. 27 §22 Any round Vessel..having an even Bottom and being Seven Inches Diameter throughout and Six Inches deep from the Top of the Inside to the Bottom or any Vessel containing Two hundred thirty one cubical Inches and no more shall be deemed..to be a lawful Wine Gallon.
1533More Answ. Poys. Bk. Wks. 1138/1 Likening them to *wine garlandes and ale poles.
1668Charleton Onomast. 43 Vinacei (quia ex vini fæcibus gigni creduntur) *Wine-gnats.
1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 31 Agray, a City first built by *Wine-god Bacchus. 1640J. Gower Ovid's Fest. iii. 759 The Wine-God laughs. 1891Meredith One of our Conq. iv. (1892) 27 You shall not take the Winegod on board to entertain him as a simple passenger.
1844Mill Ess. Pol. Econ. i. 45 The *wine-growers of France..imagine that free trade would relieve their distress by raising the price of their wine. 1859Habits of Gd. Society xi. 311 A famous wine⁓grower at Epernay.
1846Keightley Notes Virg., Georg. ii. 89 The different kinds now cultivated in *wine-growing countries.
1953*Winegum [see hundred n. and a. 7]. 1981Times 1 May 19/3 Energy is stored in plastic pellets, like wine gums.
1601Holland Pliny xxi. xx. I. 105 Our *wine⁓knights [Fr. yurongnes] when they purpose to sit square at the taverne and carouse lustily, if they drinke Saffron, never feare surfeit.
1848H. R. Forster Stowe Catal. 113 Seven *wine-labels. 1954‘M. Cost’ Invitation from Minerva 209 On the wine label, above the sycamore..is a coat of arms. 1980N. Freeling Castang's City xxi. 139 People belonged to a multiplicity of little gatherings..Wine-label collectors, neighbourhood betterment leagues.
1974*Wine lake [see lake n.4 1 b]. 1979Guardian 14 Mar. 14/1 Wine-lakes and butter-mountains may be jokes, but they are sick ones. 1984Times 4 Oct. 1/4 The table wines..have..fared reasonably well, to the distress no doubt of the European community, whose wine lake is already overflowing.
c1488Cely Papers (Camden) 173 For your *wyene lawgh at tabull iiijs iiijd.
1898G. B. Shaw You never can Tell ii. 251 Crampton snatches the *wine list rudely from him and irresolutely pretends to read it. 1935A. G. Macdonell Visit to America x. 182, I waved the wine list..and shouted for the wine waiter. 1972P. V. Price Eating & Drinking in France 248 The Nicolas establishments are reliable and the wine lists especially attractive.
1880*Wine lodge [see lodge n. 12 c]. 1922Joyce Ulysses 392 Mort aux vaches, says Frank then in the French language that had been indentured to a brandy shipper that has a winelodge in Bordeaux. 1962Guardian 24 Dec. 4/3 There's the Wine Lodge. You can get a glass of small white Australian for ninepence. 1977Punch 31 Aug.–6 Sept. 345/1 Huge and dingy, the saloon bar looked like a cross between the main hall in the old Euston railway station and one of Yates's less-glamorous Wine Lodges.
1958Observer 11 May 16/4 (heading) *Wine⁓manship. 1977T. Heald Just Desserts v. 87 A passable imitation of genuine winemanship.
1728–51Chambers Cycl. s.v. Measure, That eight pounds troy of wheat, gathered from the middle of the ear, and well dried, should weigh a gallon of *wine measure. 1771Encycl. Brit. (1773) I. 313/2, 80 English quarts, wine measure.
1681Grew Musæum ii. i. i. 184 The Country-People tap the *Wine-Palm about two feet above the ground. 1870Kingsley At Last v, Leaves (as in the wine-palm) like Venus's hair fern.
1829Gownsman 10 Dec. 37 *Wine party, a meeting of individuals of an unlimited number, for the purpose of conversation, in which the topics are invariably the same, viz. the ladies, wine, proctors, and examinations. 1861Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. iv, An Oxford undergraduate's room, set out for a wine-party.
c1828Berry Encycl. Her. I. Gloss., *Wine-Piercer, an instrument to tap, or bore, holes in wine-casks.
1769Phil. Trans. LIX. 220 One drop of tincture of galls gave a rosy purple colour to a *wine-pint of this water.
1580Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong, Avallage, *wine porters wages when they do lay wine into the seller. 1622J. Taylor (Water P.) Shilling B 4 b, When in the Celler it is laid, The Carmen, and Wine-Porters must be paid. 1669E. Chamberlayne Pres. St. Eng. 261 [In the Royal Household] Wine-Porters, 8. 1831Lincoln Herald 1 July 1/6 Mr. Hunt presented a petition from the wine-porters of Dublin, praying for the repeal of the union.
1660Boyle New Exp. Phys. Mech. Proem 9, 30 *Wine Quarts, each of them containing near two pound..of water. c1791Encycl. Brit. (1797) VII. 684/1 A Paris pint is 48 cubical Paris inches, and is nearly equal to an English wine-quart.
1974Habitat Catal. 82/1 *Wine rack. Wood and metal frame. 1981‘J. Sturrock’ Suicide Most Foul vii. 129 Wine racks, but..not many bottles.
1865Leaves from Diary Celebrated Burglar & Pickpocket xxxv. 116/1 Several ladies..made their way to where we were sitting, and in the usual *wine-room style flung themselves into our lap! 1898A. Bennett Man from North xxvi. 224 Seated in a wine-room or lager-beer hall. 1965O. Arundell Sadler's Wells viii. 102 [In 1825] they made Rosoman's old private house at the New River Head end of the theatre into box-offices, wine-rooms and saloon.
1704Dict. Rust. (1726), *Wine-Roping: To alter this take a coarse Linen-Cloth [etc.].
1625T. Godwin Moses & Aaron i. vii. 38 The *Winesacke, through which wine is so drained from the dregges.
1826Lond. Hort. Soc. Catal. Fruits 151 [Apples] *Wine-Sap, American. 1892Amélie Rives Barbara Dering xxv, Great crackling bites from a crisp, wine-sap apple.
1879T. H. S. Escott England I. 161 *Wine-shades, bodegas, and saloons.
1771Smollett Humph. Cl. II. 8 Aug., She is become a toast.., and has already been the occasion of much *wine shed. 1812Byron Ch. Har. ii. xii. note, We had such ink⁓shed, and wine-shed, which almost ended in bloodshed!
1821Scott Kenilw. xxix, This fellow can appear before him drunk as a *wineskin, and yet meet no rebuke. 1825― Talism. xi, You have been dining with the Teutonic wineskin. 1828Lytton Pelham xlviii, That persons who have been converting their ‘solid flesh’ into wine skins, cannot stick so close to one another as when they are sober. 1881N. T. (R.V.) Mark ii. 22 No man putteth new wine into old wine-skins. 1923D. H. Lawrence Birds, Beasts & Flowers 15 What is it, in the grape turning raisin, In the medlar, in the sorb-apple, Wineskins of brown morbidity. 1928E. Waugh Decline & Fall x. 113 Hullo, Prendy, old wine⁓skin! How are things with you?
1951R. Postgate Plain Man's Guide to Wine i. 17 A *Wine Snob is a man..who uses a knowledge of wine, often imperfect, to impress others with a sense of his superiority. 1977Wine snob [see snob n.1 3 d]. 1982‘W. Haggard’ Mischief-Makers i. 17 He bought it [sc. wine] at a multiple grocer but his excellency was not a wine snob.
1966H. W. Yoxall Fashion of Life xxv. 241 There's been much talk recently about *wine snobbery, most of it rather stupid.
14..Nom. in Wr.-Wülcker 742/5 Hec vipa, a *wynsope. 1582Stanyhurst æneis iii. (Arb.) 91 With chuffe chaffe wynesops lyke a gourd bourrachoe replennisht. 1586W. Webbe English Poetrie sig. I iv, Let vs haue the Wynesops, With the Cornation. 1826Lond. Hort. Soc. Catal. Fruits 151 [Apples] Wine-Sop, Winter. 1880F. Francis Bk. Angling xii. (ed. 5) 450 The Winesop Black.—Mr. Ramsbottom says this is ‘a real old Ribble favourite’.
1836Loudon Encycl. Plants 423 Several sorts of plums found wild,..such as the bullace, damson, muscle, and *winesour. 1846Mrs. Gore Engl. Char. I. 320 Compôtes of wine-sours.
1753Chambers' Cycl. Suppl. s.v. Wine, The phrase *Wine-spirit is used to express a very clean and fine spirit, of the ordinary proof strength, and made in England from Wines of foreign growth. 1909Daily Chron. 25 Mar. 3/3 Pure wine spirit brandies.
1633G. Herbert Temple, Ch. Porch vii, Shall I, to please anothers *wine⁓sprung minde, Lose all mine own? 1658W. Gurnall Chr. in Arm. verse 14. x. §2. 113 Who when he is wine-sprung thinks (as they say he can skip over the Moone).
1898A. M. Binstead Pink 'Un & Pelican iii. 65 ‘Aha!’ cried Swears..‘here's a bit o' luck—the *wine-steward! Half a dollar is never thrown away on a wine-steward.’ 1978Chicago June 237/1 Freddy's the least intimidating and probably most knowledgeable wine steward in town.
1526Great Herbal (1529) Table, Tartarus, wyne lyes or *wyne stone. 1839Ure Dict. Arts 1305.
1632Sherwood, A *Winetaster, or Wine-broker (for Marchants). 1679E. Chamberlayne Pres. St. Eng. ii. (ed 12) 238 Mr. Henry Potkins, Wine-Taster. 1825Macaulay Ess., Milton ⁋19 Johnson..was as ill qualified to judge between two Latin styles as a habitual drunkard to set up for a wine-taster. 1858Lardner Handbk. Nat. Phil. 193 Wine taster.—When it is desired to draw a small sample of wine from a cask, a little instrument..is used [etc.].
1936‘R. West’ Thinking Reed vii. 216 He paused..to say in his thick, *wine-tasting voice: ‘Your wife's looking very pretty!’ 1945E. Waugh Brideshead Revisited i. iv. 75 Sebastian had found a book on wine-tasting, and we followed its instructions. 1958[see put v.1 38 f (a)]. 1980Sunday Times Mag. 14 Sept. 96 He or she might take a dozen trips abroad each year, attend five or six wine tastings in a week, sample 30 or so bottles of wine a day.
1791J. Woodforde Diary 27 Sept. (1927) III. 301 Mr. J {nono} Priest having the keys of his Father's *Wine Vaults, I went and tested some Port Wine. 1835Dickens Sk. Boz, Making a Night of it, They went into a wine-vaults, to get materials for assisting them in making a night. 1837Ibid. 2nd Ser. 73 The old tottering public-house is converted into a spacious and lofty ‘wine⁓vaults’. 1893Hodges Elem. Photogr. (1907) 148 A wine-vault in the City.
a1617Bayne Lect. (1634) 300 Toasts sowred in *wine vineger. 1753Chambers' Cycl. Suppl. s.v. Vinegar, Infuse this powder in the strongest wine-Vinegar. 1839Ure Dict. Arts 3 Genuine wine or raisin vinegar. 1837*Wine waggon [see wine-cart]. 1848H. R. Forster Stowe Catal. 112 A pair of double wine-wagons. 1906Blackw. Mag. Nov. 660/2 We rattle past a wine-waggon.
1927C. Connolly Let. 11 Feb. in Romantic Friendship (1975) 251, I met the Spanish *wine waiter. 1969I. Drummond Man with Tiny Head i. 24 The *wine⁓waitress brought the wine-list. 1974Times 9 Oct. 18/7 A race by wine waiters and waitresses..each carrying a tray bearing four glasses and an open bottle of wine.
1857Trollope Barchester T. xix, With *wine-warrants and orders for dozens of dressing-cases.
1592–6Greene Groat's W. Wit Wks. (Grosart) XII. 136 These honest men..whose wisedome..gaue light to the Iury what power *wine-washing poyson had. 1603H. Crosse Vertue's Commw. (1878) 141 This wine-washing licour giueth such..libertie to the tongue, as it rowleth vp and downe.
1975*Wine writer [see wine book above].
¶ In OE. there are several compounds of wín in which the word is equivalent to ‘vine’ or ‘grapes’, as wínbéam vine-pole, wínclyster bunch of grapes, wínléaf vine-leaf, wínᵹeard vineyard, winyard. From the 14th century onwards instances of wine = ‘vine’ occur in various texts in which w is not normally written for v (as in Scottish texts: see vine n. 1 b β).
1340–70Alex. & Dind. 847 Ȝe telle vs þat ȝe tende nauht to tulye þe erþe,..no plaunte winus. a1400–50Wars Alex. 3667 Gilden wynes with grapis of gracious stanes. 1456Sir G. Haye Law Arms (S.T.S.) 114 Knychtis ar nouthir ordanyt to labour cornis, na grouve the wynis. Ibid., A knycht aw nocht to by..wynis, croftis, na heretagis. 1471Caxton Recuyell (Sommer) 308 In suche wise as the yonge wyne..groweth in heighte. 1632Lithgow Trav. i. 14 Round about Rome, there are neither Cornes, nor Wines, nor Village.
b. attrib. and Comb. (a) wine-man, a vine-dresser; (b) in reproduction of Ger. compounds, in Coverdale's version of the Bible, rendering Luther's language, as wine-garden, wine-gardener, wine gathering, wine harvest, wine kernel, wine stock, after G. weingarten, -gärtner, -ernte, -kern, -stock; (c) in mod. use, wineberg, wine-hill, after G. weinberg, -hügel vineyard.
1456Sir G. Haye Law Arms (S.T.S.) 239 Labouraris of the erde, as plewmen, harow men, wyne men. c1483Caxton Dialogues 46/37 Ysaac le vigneron, Ysaac the wyneman. 1535Coverdale Num. vi. 4 From the wyne cornels vnto the hulle. ― 2 Chron. xxvi. 10 He had..wynegardeners on the mountaynes. ― Isa. xxiv. 13 Like as when a man..seketh after grapes, when the wyne gatheringe is out. ― Ezek. xv. 2 What commeth of the vyne amonge all other trees? and of the wyne stocke, amonge all other tymbre of the groaue? 1870Daily News 7 Dec., The Tirailleurs..scrambled up through the winebergs. 1885tr. Hehn's Wand. Plants & Anim. 70 The Calydonian legend of the wine-man [orig. Weinmann] as given by Homer. 1906Academy 6 Jan. 14/1 Matins, sung High in these wine-hills, wakened me.
▸ wine cooler n. a chilled alcoholic beverage made by mixing wine with fruit juice, and freq. also soda water and sugar.
1957Washington Post 14 June c18/1 Enjoy a *Wine Cooler... Mix equal parts..California Wine and your favorite fruit-flavored beverage; pour over ice. 1986L. Hull Ghost Money 16 We'd sip wine coolers on the balcony. 2002Toronto Star (Electronic ed.) 25 July The market was penetrated eight years ago by wine coolers and alternative drinks have been present since then.
▪ II. † wine, n.2 Obs.
[OE. wine = OFris. winne, MLG. wine, OS., OHG. wini (MHG. wine, win), ON. vinr.]
A friend. Also attrib. wine mai [OE. winemǽᵹ], a kinsman.
Beowulf 30 Þenden wordum weold wine Scyldinga. Ibid. 65 Þa wæs Hroðgare heresped ᵹyfen,..þæt him his wine⁓maᵹas ᵹeorne hyrdon. a1122O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 975, Eadgar..West-Seaxena wine. c1200Moral Ode 223 (Trin. Coll. MS.) Werse he doð his gode wines þan his fiendes. c1205Lay. 17601 Her wit scullen wel wreken unker wine-mæies. c1220Bestiary 374 Eurilc luuen oðer, Also he were his broder, Wurðen stedefast his wine. [1481Caxton Reynard xxix. (Arb.) 74 He hath nether kyn ne wyn ne frende that wylle enterprise to helpe hym.]
▪ III. wine, v.|waɪn|
[f. wine n.1]
†1. trans. (nonce-uses.)
a. with out, to spend in drinking wine.
c1624[see wench v.].
b. To furnish (a cellar) with wine.
c1645Howell Lett. ii. liv. (1890) 456 Tho' it be interdicted to wine the King's Cellar with it, in respect of the corrosiveness it carries with it.
2. intr. To take wine, formerly esp. at an undergraduates' wine-party. Freq. in collocation with dine: cf. sense 3. colloq.
1829C. Wordsworth Ann. (1891) 70 Dined with Twisleton at Trin.: wined with Payne at Bal. 1875My First ‘Wine’ 5 ‘Mr. Topthorne's compliments, and will you wine with him to-night?’ Such were the words addressed to me by a scout in Hall. 1877Blackmore Cripps xxxiii, He had dined and wined, once or twice, in a not ignoble college. 1937L. Hart in R. Rogers Rodgers & Hart Songbk. (1951) iii. 166 I've wined and dined on mulligan stew, and never wished for turkey. 1961Guardian 10 Nov. 7/1 Mr Delmer dined and wined with the enemies of democracy in Germany. 1981N.Z. Listener 4 July 80/1 Impressive consultants (with many of whom I have wined and dined).
3. trans. To entertain to wine: usually in collation with wine dine. colloq.
1862Illustr. Lond. News 5 July 18/2 An esteemed friend..who had just been admitted to the Bar..and..‘wined’ his friends on the night of his call. 1867Standard 29 Apr., He has dined and wined everybody who has had anything to do with his success. 1916Times 13 Oct. 4/3 He was motored and wined and dined through the conquered country under the watchful chaperonage of German officers. |