| 释义 |
releaser|rɪˈliːsə(r)|
[f. release v.1 + -er1.]
a. One who, or that which, releases or sets free.
1651French Distill. Ep. Ded., In the perfection of this Art..is the Sulphur of philosophers set at liberty, which gratifies the releasers thereof with three kingdomes. 1654Gayton Pleas. Notes iii. 125 (Honour'd Releaser,) [he] said, Command what is Fecible. 1828–32in Webster. 1891Blackw. Mag. CXLIX. 75/2 Till the releaser Death shall come.
b. Dairying. A device which removes milk from the vessel in which the output of a milking machine accumulates. Freq. attrib.
1950N.Z. Jrnl. Agric. Apr. 378/1 Probably the most important part of any milking shed is the releaser room, as it is here that milk or cream can most easily become affected by unsatisfactory conditions. 1950Ibid. Oct. 369 Up-to-date assembly of releaser, cream separator, skimmed-milk pump, and cream cooler. 1967Harvey & Hill Milk (ed. 4) xiii. 224 Where milk pipe-lines are provided to transmit the milk directly to the dairy, as in parlours, bails or with milk lines in cowsheds, a releaser is required to remove the milk from the system. Sufficient milk accumulates in the releaser jar which operates valves which seal off the vacuum system and allow the milk to be discharged. 1977D. N. Akam in Thiel & Dodd Machine Milking iii. 82 A design of diaphragm releaser milk pump that is available in the UK is vacuum driven using a pulsator operating at 50 pulsations/min.
c. Biol. [tr. G. auslöser (K. Lorenz 1935, in Jrnl. für Ornithol. LXXXIII. 143).] A sign stimulus (see sign n. 12); restricted by some writers to one that acts between animals of the same species. Freq. attrib.
1937K. Lorenz in Auk LIV. 249 All such devices for the issuing of releasing stimuli, I have termed releasers (Auslöser), regardless of whether the releasing factor be optical or acoustical, whether an act, a structure or a color. 1953J. S. Huxley Evol. in Action iv. 96 The only definite releaser known in man is the pattern made by a mother's smile to her infant. 1953N. Tinbergen Herring Gull's World xiv. 116 Ritualisation is the result of a secondary evolutionary process which is closely linked to the releaser-function. Ibid. xxii. 208 The red patch on the bill seems to be a genuine social releaser. 1962Listener 9 Aug. 207/2 Because animal signal codes are uniform within each species and fixed for long periods, special signal structures may evolve, and these are called releasers. 1971Nature 16 Apr. 432/2 Releaser pheromone effects exist in man, at least in larval forms, and some involve pheromones of other mammals (musk, civetone). 1975J. Alcock Animal Behavior vi. 153 The first concept we shall examine is the sign stimulus or releaser, that portion of the total stimulus configuration which acts as the effective cue in releasing a specific behavior pattern. 1980A. P. Brookfield Animal Behaviour vii. 58 Sign stimuli which elicit behaviour in members of the same species are called releasers.
Add:d. Psychol. Any external stimulus which produces a specific but non-reflex act of behaviour.
1969L. Tiger Men in Groups iv. 85 The defenders and policemen must be males. Females will not suffice... This is because females cannot act as ‘releasers’ for the behaviours appropriate to managing interferences to social order. 1970Nebraska Symposium on Motivation XVII. 285 The car must provide some ‘releaser’ stimuli to call attention to itself, such as lack of license plates, hood or trunk open, or a tire removed. 1975Brown & Herrnstein Psychology vi. 304/2 Citizens of Palo Alto do not have the anonymity of citizens of New York; for that reason, they may require a stronger ‘releaser’ to signify that a car is truly nobody's property. Zimbardo and two graduate students created the releaser by enthusiastically applying a sledge hammer to the car. 1981B. A. Farrell Standing of Psychoanalysis v. 71 If an interpretation p served as a releaser, then..this may not be ‘due to’ the fact that it states the truth about the patient. |