| 释义 |
‖ kolkhoz|kalˈxos|
Also kolhoz, kolkhos, etc. Pl. kolkhoz, kolkhozes, kolkhozy.
[Russ., f. kol(lektívnoe khoz(yáĭstvo, collective farm.]
A collective farm in the U.S.S.R. Also transf.
1921Russian Economist I. ii. 389 The ‘Kolkhoses’ are the means of a guerilla war with the peasants... The measure in which..support is given depends on the degree to which a particular kind of ‘Kolkhose’ approximates to the ideals of Communism. 1931Ann. Reg. 1930 190 There was a real rush of the peasants to enter the Kolchosy (the abbreviated Russian denomination of the collectivised farms). Ibid. 191 A sensational article by Stalin entitled, ‘Intoxicated by Success’. It dealt with the Kolchos movement, and in it the dictator strongly condemned the forcible methods of collectivisation hitherto used. 1931H. G. Wells Work, Wealth & Happiness of Mankind (1932) iv. 184 The Kolkhoz seems to be the old Tsarist Mir in a state of emotion. Ibid. x. 508 The great fields of the Kolkhozy. 1943E. M. Almedingen Frossia viii. 285 He knows Russia... He has seen Sovhozes and Kolhozes. 1946[see ejido]. 1949F. Maclean Eastern Approaches i. viii. 133 The eating-house..seemed to be monopolized by the higher kolkhoz officials whom I found engaged in preparations for the forthcoming elections to the Supreme Council of the Kazakh S.S.R. 1951,1952[see agrogorod]. 1957Ann. Reg. 1956 256 The villages [in Hungary] seem quietly to have dissolved most of their local kolkhoz and then returned to work. 1958New Statesman 5 Apr. 423/3 The kolkhozes..will now be in a position to introduce certain measures hitherto found only on state farms, including a guaranteed minimum wage. 1968C. A. Doxiadis Between Dystopia & Utopia 46 The Kolkhozes in Russia..are the results of utopian theories. 1972Guardian 4 Aug. 4/4 A kolkhoz, or collective farm, is a symbol of the crude rustic for city dwellers.
Hence ˈkolkhoznik (pl. -niki), a member of a kolkhoz.
1955H. Hodgkinson Doubletalk 27 Each worker, or kolkhoznik, has to give between 100 and 150 work days on the common land. 1964Economist 18 July 255/1 With their dependants the kolkhozniki amounted to about 56 million persons. |