| 释义 |
knighthood|ˈnaɪthʊd|
Forms: 1 cnihthád; 3– kniht-, etc. (see knight), 3–6 -hod, -hode, 5–6 -hoode, 6– hood.
[OE. cnihthád, f. cniht boy, lad + -hád -hood. In ME. following the current sense of knight.]
I. (OE. cnihthád.)
†1. Boyhood, youth. Obs.
c893K. ælfred Boeth. xxxviii. §5 Þa hwile þe hit on cnihthade bið, & swa forð eallne ᵹioᵹoðhad. c1000ælfric Gram. ix. (Z.) 56 Pubis, cniht oð ðe cnihthad.
II. (ME. and mod.Eng.)
2. The rank or dignity of a knight.
a1300K. Horn 440 Þat he me ȝive dubbing Þanne is mi þralhod Iwent in to kniȝthod 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. xi. 222 Kinghod and kniȝthod..Helpiþ nouȝt to heuene. 1503–4Act 19 Hen. VII, c. 31 Preamble, Divers of the Kinges Subgiettes..ar commaunded..to take uppon them the honour & degree of Knyghthode. 1597Shakes. 2 Hen. IV, v. iii. 132, I would not take a Knighthood for my Fortune. 1617Moryson Itin. ii. 277 A gentleman..who had long been earnestly ambitious of the honour of Knighthood. 1733Pope Hor. Sat. ii. i. 22 You'll gain at least a Knighthood, or the Bays. 1885Pall Mall G. 24 Feb. 9/1 It is expected that several knighthoods will be conferred.
b. transf. Applied to one having this rank; a knight.
1598Shakes. Merry W. v. v. 76 [The Garter] Buckled below faire Knight-hoods bending knee.
c. With poss. pron. as a mode of address.
1828Scott F.M. Perth xxxii, I only desired to know if your knighthood proposed the chivalrous task.
d. The ceremony of knighting a person.
1711Madox Exch. i. 2 There Coronations, Marriages and Knighthoods of the King's Children..were celebrated.
3. The profession or vocation of a knight.
c1325Song Mercy 155 in E.E.P. (1862) 123 Corteis knihthod and clergye... Are now so roted in rybaudye. 1481Caxton Myrr. i. vi. 31 Yf the studye [of science] wente out of ffraunce, knyghthode wold goo after. 1593Shakes. Rich. II, i. i. 75 By that, and all the rites of Knight-hood else, Will I make good against thee..What I haue spoken. 1700Dryden Pal. & Arc. iii. 10 The champions..Who knighthood loved, and deeds of chivalry. 1856R. A. Vaughan Mystics (1860) I. 145 The old virtues of knighthood—its truth and honour, its chastity and courage.
†b. (tr. L. mīlitia.) Military service; soldiery; warfare. Obs.
1382Wyclif 2 Cor. x. 4 The armers of oure knyȝthod ben not fleischly. ― 2 Tim. ii. 4 No man holdinge knyȝthod to God [Vulg. militans Deo], inwlappith him silf with worldli nedis. c1450tr. De Imitatione iii. l. 122 Þis frayl lif, þat is all temptacion and kniȝthode. 1535Coverdale Judith vi. 4 Then shal the swerde of my knyghthode [militiæ meæ] go thorow thy sydes. 1552Huloet, Knighthode, militia.
4. The character and qualities appropriate to a knight; chivalrousness.
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xviii. 96 Cursed caytyue! kniȝthod was it neuere To mysdo a ded body. c1386Chaucer Monk's T. 652 He was of knyghthod and of fredom flour. c1450Merlin 56 Ther Pendragon dide merveloise knyghthode a-monge his enmyes. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. ccxcviii. 441 The noble knighthode that was in them reconforted them. 1865Kingsley Herew. iii, Would it grow and bear the noble fruit of ‘gentle, very perfect knighthood’? 1873Hamerton Intell. Life viii. ii. (1876) 290 The perfect knighthood of Sydney.
5. The collective body of knights; a company of knights. knighthood-errant (cf. knight-errant).
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. Prol. 116 The kyng and knyȝthode and clergye bothe Casten þat þe comune shulde hem-self fynde. 1477Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 11 b, By whiche..the people be susteyned the knyghtehode multiplied and the houses full of richesse. 1605Chapman, etc. Eastw. Hoe v, The knighthood now-a-days are nothing like the knighthood of old time. 1859Tennyson Guinevere 457, I was first..who drew The knighthood-errant of this realm..together under me. 1874Green Short Hist. ii. §4. 76 It was against the centre of this formidable position that William arrayed his Norman knighthood.
†b. (tr. L. mīlitia.) Military force, host. Obs.
1382Wyclif Isa. xiii. 4 The Lord of ostes comaundide to the knyȝthod of the bataile. ― Luke ii. 13 A multitude of heuenly knyȝthod, heriynge God, and seyinge, Glorie be in the hiȝeste thingis to God. ― Acts vii. 42 To serue to the knyȝthod of heuene.
6. attrib. † knighthood-money, a fine exacted from persons who refused to be knighted. (Abolished by Act 16 Chas. I, c. 20.)
c1670Wood Life Jan. an. 1643 (O.H.S.) I. 79 He was fined in October 1630 for refusing the honour of knighthood, a matter then lately brought up to obtaine money for his majestie's use. This money which was paid by all persons of 40li. per an. that refused to come in and be dub'd knights, was called knighthood-money. |