| 释义 |
kithe, kythe, v. Now Sc. and north. dial.|kaɪð|
Forms: see below.
[Com. Teut.: OE. cýðan (ME. cüþen, kyþen, kiþen, keþen) = OFris. ketha, keda, OS. kûðian; MLG. kunden, MDu. conden, (Du. (ver)konden), f. *kundian = OHG. chundian, chunden (MHG. kunden, künden, G. künden), ON. kynna, Goth. *kunþjan (cf. gasvikunþjan):—OTeut. *kunþjan, f. kunþ-, known, couth.]
A. Illustration of Forms.
1. pres. tense. α. 1 cýðu, cýðe, 1–2 kýðe, kýþe, 3–5 kyþe, kiþe, 4–9 kythe, kithe, (4 kiþ, kyeth, 4–6 kith, 4–8 kyth, 5–6 kyith, 6 keyth, kaithe); 3rd pers. sing. 1 cyþ, 2–3 kyþ, 3 ciþ, kiþ. β. 2–4 cuþe, kuþe, cuiþe, 4–5 cuyþe, kuyþe, kuiþe, (4 couth); 3rd pers. sing. 3 cuþ. γ. 4 keþe, kethe, keth.
αc825Vesp. Psalter xlix. [l.] 7 Ic cyðu ðe ðætte god god ðin ic eam. c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxviii. 10 Farað and cyðað minum ᵹebroþrum. c1160Hatton Gosp. (ibid.), Fareð and kyðeð mine ȝebroðre. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 59 Þat he cið on alle wise. Ibid. 139 To kiðen cristes to cume. a1300Cursor M. 12164 Nathing wald yee to me kyth [v. rr. kiþe, kiþ]. Ibid. 22737 His come to kyeth. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 912 Thisbe, I schal a-non it kythe. c1475Rauf Coilȝear 107 Kyith I am cummin hame. 1486Bk. St. Albans E vij b, That he wolde hym kith. 1530Lyndesay Test. Papyngo 128 To keyth hir craftynes. 1573Satir. Poems Reform. xli. 34 Thair ioukers durst not kyith thair cure. 1594Battell Balrinness in Scot. Poems 16th C. II. 349 Giue he into this countrie kaithe [rime blaithe].
βc1175Lamb. Hom. 109 His leoman him cuþað þet he ne bið quic longe. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 181 Ðat child..cuð mid his wope. a1240Lofsong in Cott. Hom. 215 Cuið in me hwat is milce. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 2963 Cuþeþ nouþe þat ȝe beþ men [v. rr. Kithe, Cuyþe]. c1320Cast. Love 590 Þat so muche loue hi kuiþe wolde. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. v. 181, I couth [v.r. kiþe] it in owre cloistre þat al owre couent wote it.
γc1315Shoreham 7 God þorwe miracles keþeþ hit. Ibid. 20 To keþen ous hiis ryche. c1330Arth. & Merl. 2131 Merlin..bad him orpedliche he schuld kethe [rime dethe]. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints vii. (Jacobus minor) 387 For-þi þi crafte þu keth one me, And waryse myn Infyrmyte.
2. pa. tense. α. 1 cýðde, 1–2 cydde, 2, 4–5 kydde, 3–6 kidde, (3–4 kidd), 4–5 kydd(e, kyd, 4–6 kid, (5–6 kyde); 4 kiþed, -id, kyþed, (4–6 -it, -yt, -yd), 4– kythed, kithed. β. 2–4 cudde, 3–4 kudde, 4 kud. γ. 3–5 kedde, 4 Sc. kethit.
αa900Cynewulf Crist 65 [Hi] Cyðdon cristes ᵹebyrd. c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. viii. 33 Ða hyrdas..cyddon [c 1160 Hatton Gosp. kydden] ealle þas þing. a1175Cott. Hom. 227 Se ængel..cydde hyre þat godes sune sceolde beon acenned of hire. c1250Gen. & Ex. 1394 Rebecca..kidd it to hire broðer. c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 281 Þe werre bigan, and kid it so couth. c1350Will. Palerne 5287 Þe messangers..kiþed here arnd. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) IV. 411 He turned to and kydde [v.r. kudde] al the myght of his wicche craft. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 100 The grit wonder and miraclis that tha kid. 1560Rolland Crt. Venus ii. 790 Sen ȝe on me befoir kyde sic kindnes. 1637–50Row Hist. Kirk (Wodrow Soc.) 438 He kythed such great gifts.
βc1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 35 Þe engel cudde þe herdes..þat þe helende was..iboren. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 2379 Þere he kudde wat he was. 1387Kudde [see α].
γc1200Moral Ode 193 (Trin. MS.) Muchel luue he us kedde. c1330Arth. & Merl. 3910 Thai kedden her noble might. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xii. (Mathias) 232 Þat kethit wele þat he was meke. c1460Launfal 580 Gyfre kedde he was good at nede.
3. pa. pple. α. 1 ᵹe)cýþed, 4 i-kid, (kide, keid), 4–5 y-kyd, y-kidde, kyd, kydd(e, kidd(e, kid, 5 y-kydde, y-kid, kyde, (kyth, 6 kyith); 4–9 kythed, kithed, 5–6 -it, 6 -yd, kyithit. β. 3 ikudd, 3–5 kud, 4–5 icud, ikud, ykud. γ. 4 ked, 5 kedd(e.
αc900tr. Bæda's Hist. v. xvii. [xix.] (1890) 460 Eallra heora dome wæs cyþed, þæt [etc.]. c1000ælfric Saints' Lives iv. 348 Þæt heo næfre on hire life ᵹecyðed wære. a1300Cursor M. 6609 It sal be kydd [v.r. kidd]. c1300Havelok 1060 It was loude kid. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 393 He hadde y-kyd [v. rr. kidde, ykud, kydde] his woodnesse. c1460Pol., Rel. & L. Poems 254 Cowþe ykid in euery cost. c1470Harding Chron. xxxix. xii, Vnto no manne was it kyde [rime hid]. 1528Lyndesay The Dreme 1050 Dame Fortune..hes lairgli kyith on the hir cure. a1529Skelton Poems agst. Garnesche 8 What, have ye kythyd yow a knyght? 1567Gude & Godlie B. (S.T.S.) 46 Christ hes vs kyithit greit conforting. 1640R. Baillie Canterb. Self-convict. 33 Whereto the faction hath not kythed too passionate a love.
βa1225Juliana 24 Hit were sone iseid þe keiser ant ikudd to þe kinge. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 1328 He miȝte abbe..ikud me loue. 1387Ykud [see α].
γc1430Syr Tryam. 1386 But they be kedd.
B. Signification.
1. trans. To make known.
†a. To make known in words; to announce, proclaim, declare, tell. (With simple obj. or obj. clause.) Obs.
c725Corpus Gloss. 1150 Intimandum, to cyðenne. c1000Ags. Gosp. John xvii. 26 Ic him cyðde ðinne naman & ᵹyt wylle cyþan. c1175Lamb. Hom. 117 Þat þu..mine speche heom cuðe. c1200Ormin 632 He comm dun wiþþ Godess word, To kiþenn itt onn eorþe. c1330King of Tars 341 Heore sorwe couthe no mon kithe. c1450Holland Howlat 235 Confess cleir can I nocht, nor kyth all the cass. 1530Palsgr. 599/1, I kythe, I shewe or declare a thyng, as he kytheth from whence I am (Lydgate), je demonstre. This terme is nat vsed in comen spetche.
b. To make known by action, appearance, etc.; to manifest, show, prove, demonstrate, indicate. (With simple obj., obj. clause, or obj. and compl.) Also refl.
c1175Lamb. Hom. 99 Elches monnes weorc cuðað [printed cuðan] hwilc gast hine wissað. a1300Cursor M. 13983 Iesus..mani a-pert meracle did, Quar-wit to mankind he him kid. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. Prol. 492 Sche kytheth what she is. c1460Towneley Myst. i. 45 Trees to florish & frute furth bryng, Thare kynde that it be kyd. 1515Scot. Field in Chetham Misc. (1856) II. Introd. p. xii, He kidde himselfe no coward. 1640–1Kirkcudbr. War-Comm. Min. Bk. (1855) 156 They bothe..did kythe thameselffes enemeis to the gude caus. a1734Wodrow Scl. Biogr. (1845) I. 100 (E.D.D.) He began to kyth his sickness the first of March. 1785Burns Halloween iii, Their faces blythe, fu' sweetly kythe Hearts leal, an' warm, an' kin. [1822Scott Nigel v, It would have kythed Cellini mad, had he never done ony thing else out of the gate.]
c. To make manifest to the sight, to show, exhibit, discover; refl. to show oneself, appear.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 5098 Wanne þe relikes of halwen yfounde were and ykud. a1300Cursor M. 13095 Hu lang siþe Sal he him hide and not kiþe. c1330Arth. & Merl. 3869 The other no might ben y-kidde Behinden hem thai werren y-hidde. 1508Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen 433 As the new mone..Kythis quhilis her cleir face, through cluddis of sable. 1594Jas. VI Let. Q. Eliz. 13 Apr. in Tytler Hist. Scot. (1864) IV. 216 Ever plainliest kything himself where greatest confluence of people was. 1846Drummond Muckomachy 68 (E.D.D.) When the moon begoud to keek From Thetis rim and kythe her disk.
2. intr. for refl. To show oneself or itself, come forth to sight; to manifest or display itself; to become known; to appear.
a1300Cursor M. 4276 (Cott.) Luken luue at þe end wil kith. Ibid. 11416 (Gött.) Þe last þis stern it kid. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. I. 18 The langer ay the better it did kyth. 1585Papers Jas. Carmichael in Wodrow Soc. Misc. 430 Our true humility shall appear, and the fruit of our forming to that work kythe. c1635W. Scot Apol. Narrat. (Wodrow Soc.) 80 They were insisting with his Majesty to kythe in action against the forfaulted Earles. 1821Galt Ann. Parish xii. (1895) 83 A kindly spirit, which would sometimes kythe in actions of charity. 1822Blackw. Mag. XII. 309 In what colours other ladies intended to kithe before Majesty. 1829Hogg ibid. XXV. 750 The evening star kithed like a gem. 1862in Hislop's Prov. Scot. 108 If you loe me, let it kythe.
b. with compl. To show oneself or itself in some specified aspect; to appear, seem, or prove to be.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 240 With Leulyn gan he kith to be þe kynges traytour. 1513Douglas æneis i. vi. 167 Hir habeit fell down couering to hir feit, And..ane verray god did hir kith. 1565Sc. Metr. Ps. xviii. 26 Pure to the pure, froward thou kythst Unto the froward wight. 1637–50Row Hist. Kirk (1842) 169 Such as hes kythed favourers of the forefeited rebells. a1639Spottiswood Hist. Ch. Scot. ii. (1677) 89 Nor did any kithe so foolish as the Priests. [1818Scott Hrt. Midl. xii, It kythes bright to the ee, because all is dark around it.]
†3. trans. To exhibit, display, or manifest practically (a feeling, quality, capacity, etc.); hence, to exercise, practise, perform, do. Obs.
Beowulf 2695 Andlongne eorl ellen cyðan. c1175Lamb. Hom. 153 Mildheortnesse God kudde monne. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 1297 Þer hii kudde hor prowesse. c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 132 Warre on him gan he kithe. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) II. 341 He kydde his tyrauntyse on his gestes. c1440York Myst. xl. 149, I thanke youe of þis kyndinesse ȝe kydde me. 1500–20Dunbar Poems xxviii. 37 In erd ȝe kyth sic mirakillis heir. 1613W. Browne Sheph. Pipe i. (1869) 187 Your bountee on me kythe. 1641R. Baillie Parall. of Liturgy with Mass-bk. 77 None of all the reformed Churches have kythed more zeale against Images. 1724in Ramsay Tea-t. Misc. (1733) II. 164 Well can my Jocky kyth His love and courtesy.
†4. To acknowledge, confess, own; to recognize. (With simple obj. or obj. and compl.) Obs.
c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. x. 32 ælcne..þe me cyð beforan mannun, ic cyðe hyne beforan minum fæder [c 1160 Hatton Gosp. kyð, ic kyðe]. 13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 1368 Vche duk..Schulde com to his court to kyþe hym for lege. c1374Chaucer Anel. & Arc. 231 He..his trouthe me had iplyght, For everemore hys lady me to kythe. c1425Wyntoun Cron. vi. vi. 16 Nane persayvyd hyr woman Bot all kythyd hyr as man. 1570Levins Manip. 152/3 Kythe, acknowledge, agnoscere. 1613Jackson Creed i. viii. §1 That the sons of Isaac and Ishmael..should kithe each other with as little scruple as if they were full cousin germans.
5. pa. pple. kid, kyd, i-kyd, etc. Made known, declared; hence, Known, well known, famed, renowned; with compl. Well-known as.., acknowledged to be... (See also kid ppl. a.)
a1225Ancr. R. 64 Heo..wolde..sone beon mit te wise icud [v. rr. cuððet, icuððet] and icnowen. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 1929 Seint eleine ys moder þat wis was wide ikud [v. rr. ykud, kydde, kud]. c1350Will. Palerne 110 Komen was he of kun þat kud was ful nobul. c1380Sir Ferumb. 274 In many a lond my name ys kud aboute. c1386Chaucer Merch. T. 699 That ye nat discouere me; For I am deed, if that this thyng be kyd. c1450Holland Howlat 504 Throwout Cristindome kid War the deidis that he did. 1486Bk. St. Albans E iv b, The Robucke as hit is weele kyde At holyrode day he gooth to Ryde. |