| 释义 |
▪ I. kith, n.|kɪθ|
Forms: 1 cyþþo, cyþ(þ, 2 ceþ, cheþ, 3–4 cuþþe, (4 cuþþhe, kuþþe, cuth), 4 keþþe, kiþþe, kiþ, kyþ, (kyþthe, kitth, -e, kiyth, kuith, kuythe, kygth, kid, kidh), 4–5 kithe, kythe, (kyght, -e, 5 kyghth, kide), 4–6 kyth, 4– kith. β. 6–7 kiffe, 6–8 kiff.
[OE. cýðð, cýð, earlier cýððu = OHG. chundida:—OTeut. *kunþiþā, abstr. n. from *kunþ- known, OE. cúð, couth. In ME. the u(ü) forms were s.w., the e forms Kentish.]
†1. Knowledge, acquaintance with something; knowledge communicated, information. Obs.
c900tr. Bæda's Hist. v. xxii[i.], Of minre sylfre cyþþe. c1000ælfric Hom. I. 396 Þe nane cyððe to Gode næfdon. a1400Sir Perc. 1281 So kyndly takes he that kyth, That up he rose and went hym wyth. c1450Rel. Ant. I. 308 Spare noȝth an hauke yf he lye in thy kyth.
†2. Knowledge how to behave; rules of etiquette. Obs.
c1350Will. Palerne 331 Whanne þou komest to kourt among þe kete lordes, & knowest alle þe kuþþes þat to kourt langes. c1470Gol. & Gaw. 320 The king cumly in kith, couerit with croune. 1804W. Tarras Poems 32 (Jam.) But nature, thy feature, An' mien o' various kythe.
†3. The country or place that is known or familiar; one's native land, home; hence gen. country, region, quarter. Obs.
c888K. ælfred Boeth. xxvii. §4 Þæt hi on heora aᵹenre cyþþe ealne weᵹ mæᵹen. Ibid. xxxiii. §4 Þæs wæteres aᵹnu cyþ is on eorþan. a1175Cott. Hom. 231 Þa sende se king his ærndraches of fif ceðen to alle his underþeoden. Ibid. 235 Isent of fif cheðen. c1205Lay. 2435 Guendoleine he sende into hire fader londe,..into hire cuððe. a1300Cursor M. 5452 (Cott.) Drightin þan was our eldres wit, He mon yow bring in to your kyth [Gött. kid]. Ibid. 9074 (Cott.) Far wil i fle In vncuth kygth [Fairf. kiþ] fra þis cuntre. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. iii. 197 He hedde beo lord of þat lond..And eke kyng of þat cuþþe. a1400Morte Arth. 3997 Þe kyng..kayres furthe with þe cors in kyghte þare he lenges. c1440York Myst. xviii. 91 Us most flee Owte of oure kyth where we are knowyn. 1513Douglas æneis vii. iii. 59 Sers and inquyr..of this kith quhair standis the cheif citee.
†4. The persons who are known or familiar, taken collectively; one's friends, fellow-countrymen, or neighbours; acquaintance; in later use sometimes confused with kin: see 5. Obs. or arch. exc. as in 5.
c1000Ags. Gosp. Luke ii. 44 Hiᵹ..hine sohton betux his maᵹas & his cuðan [Lindisf. cuðo, Rushw. cyððo]. c1325Metr. Hom. 108 Thai him soht Imang thair kith. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 8443 Þe men of kuythe þat he wel knewe, Þat he wyste were gode and trewe. c1615W. Browne Yng. Willie & Old Wernock (R.), My near kith. 1825Brockett, Kith, acquaintance... Not obsolete as stated in Todd's John. 1848Lytton Harold iii. iii, High persons of his own kith.
5. Phr. kith and kin: orig. Country and kinsfolk (see 3); in later use, Acquaintance and kinsfolk, one's friends and relatives; in mod. use often taken merely as a pleonastic phrase for Kinsfolk, relatives, family connexions. (Formerly sometimes corrupted to kiff and kin.)
α1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xv. 497 How riȝtwis men..Fer fro kitth and fro kynne yuel yclothed ȝeden. a1400Octouian 1822 I-dryue Ywas,..From ken and kyghth. c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 23 Of saynt cuthbert kyth and kynne. 1570Levins Manip. 150/36 Kith or kin, cognatio. 1794Burns ‘My Lady's gown’ ii, My lady's white, my lady's red, And kith and kin o' Cassillis' blude. 1824Byron Juan xv. xxxi, Daughters, brothers, sisters, kith or kin. 1872Black Adv. Phaeton viii, If any extra bit of comfort or kindness is wanted for their own kith and kin.
β1573Tusser Husb. (1878) 22 For kiffe nor for kin. 15843 Ladies Lond. i. in Hazl. Dodsley VI. 250 They forsake..prince, country, religion, kiff and kin. 1620Middleton Chaste Maid iv. i. 86 A mayd that's neither kiffe nor kin to me. 1719D'Urfey Pills IV. 151 To visit Kiff and Kin.
fig.1851Mrs. Browning Casa Guidi Wind. i. 888 Mark the natural kiths and kins Of circumstance and office. 1861Max Müller Sci. Lang. iv. 156 That Greek and Latin were of the same kith and kin as the language of the black inhabitants of India.
▪ II. † kith, v. Obs.
Forms: 3 cuððen, (Orm.) kiþþenn, 4 kuþþe(n, keþþe.
[Early ME. cuððen (ü), repr. an OE. *cýððan, f. cýð(ð, kith n.]
trans. To make friendly or familiar; refl. to become acquainted, or associate oneself (with); to greet each other as friends or familiar acquaintances.
c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 45 Wille we..mid swiche weldede cuððen us wið alre kingene king. c1200Ormin 16979 Þatt he wiþþ Crist i sunnderrrun Himm awihht haffde kiþþedd. c1350Will. Palerne 1011 Þan eiþer hent oþer hastely in armes, And wiþ kene kosses kuþþed hem to-gidere. Ibid. 4964 Whan þei samen mette, With clipping and kissing to keþþe hem to-gadere. |