| 释义 |
wholesome, a. (n.)|ˈhəʊlsəm|
Forms: see whole; also 4–6 (with normal shortening) holsum, -som, 6–8 wholsom(e. (For north. dial. and Sc. forms see halesome.)
[OE. *hálsum, corresp. to OS. *hêlsam (implied in adv. hêlsamo), MLG. heilsam, Du. heilzaam salutary (dial. = healthy), OHG. (MHG., G.) heilsam, ON. heilsamr: see whole a. and -some suffix1. The northern form (reinforced from ON.) is represented by halesome.]
1. Conducive to well-being in general, esp. of mind or character; mentally or morally healthful; tending or calculated to do good; beneficial, salutary.
c1200Vices & Virtues 111 Ȝif ðu luuest ðine aȝene wille alre mast, þanne is ðe swiðe holsum ðat ðu þis ofri ðine louerde god. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 103 Þenne riseð ure helend on his heorte, and techeð him holsum lore. 1382Wyclif 1 Tim. vi. 3 The..holsum wordis of oure Lord Jhesu Crist. 1430–40Lydg. Bochas iv. xxiii. (MS. Bodl. 263) 252/2 It is nat holsum with goddis to pleie. 1535Starkey Lett. in England (1878) p. xvii, Holsome ceremonys of the church. 1566Stapleton Ret. Untr. Jewel i. 22 It is manifeste..that we..do celebrate the memoriall of that One and holsome Sacrifice. 1600Marston, etc. Jack Drum's Entert. i. (1601) A 4 b, So great a masse of coyne might mount from wholsome thrift. 1607Shakes. Cor. ii. iii. 66 You'l marre all..Pray you speake to em..In wholsome manner. 1610Holland Camden's Brit. i. 695 A good example of wholsome severity. 1632Brome North. Lasse i. iv, They are wholsomer company. 1711Addison Spect. No. 10 ⁋5, I will daily instil into them such sound and wholsome Sentiments, as shall have a good Effect on their Conversation. 1749Fielding Tom Jones i. vi, Wholesome Admonition and Reproof. 1824Southey Let. to G. C. Bedford 24 May, To enjoy better air, keep better hours, and employ herself in quieter and wholesomer pleasures. 1839Thirlwall Greece xlvii. VI. 117 Thebes was destroyed..that the example of its fate might strike the rest of Greece with a wholesome awe. 1879Froude Cæsar ii. 12 The sober and wholesome manners of life among the early Romans had given them vigorous minds in vigorous bodies. 1892Kipling Lett. of Travel (1920) 62 It is wholesome and tonic to realise the powerlessness of man in the face of these little accidents.
2. Promoting or conducive to health; favourable to or good for health; health-giving or health-preserving; salubrious.
c1374Chaucer Troylus i. 940 Þilke ground þat bereth þe wedys wykke, Bereth eke þese holsome herbes. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. ix. xi. (Bodl. MS.), Marche water is not full holsom to drinke. c1400Beryn 2877 It is holsom to breke our fast be-tyme. c1400Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton 1483) iv. ii. 58 No holsome, ne lusty fruyte, but bytter and vnsauoury. c1430Lydg. Compl. Bl. Knt. 14 To take the holsome lusty eyre. 1528Lyndesay Dreme 96 O fair Phebus, quhare is thy hoilsum heit? 1562Turner Herbal ii. 48 b, Abrecockes..are lesse then the other peches and are holsummer for the stomack. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage v. xvii. 457 The Ayre is not very holesome, by reason of the situation vnder the Line, and the multitude of Lakes and Riuers. 1667Milton P.L. x. 847 The still Night, not now..Wholsom and cool, and mild. 1726Leoni Alberti's Archit. I. 103/1 Flat ceilings are wholesomer. 1775Adair Amer. Ind. 230 Wholsome weeds, that their rich fields abound with. 1819Keats Eve of St. Mark 5 The city streets were clean and fair From wholesome drench of April rains. 1849R. T. Claridge Cold Water Cure 203 By this means the stable was rendered wholesome, and the horses..continued healthy. 1891Leeds Merc. 2 May 6/5 Old spirits are more wholesome than the new, which are far more irritating to the stomach.
†b. Having the property of restoring health; remedial, curative, medicinal. Obs. (or merged in prec. sense).
c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 27 Resseyvynge holsum medicyns of her hevenly lechis. 1484Caxton Fables of æsop v. ix, That fayr skynne which is so holsome, ye shalle make hit to be..bound vpon your bely, and..hit shalle rendre you in as good helthe as euer ye were. 1557Turner (title) A Booke of the Bath of Baeth..with diverse other bathes moste holsom and effectual. 1590Shakes. Com. Err. v. i. 104. 1651 Hobbes Leviath. iii. xxxii. 195 Wholsome pills for the sick.
3. Sound in (physical or moral) condition or constitution; free from disease or taint; healthy. Now rare, or associated with other senses.
a1533Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. x. (1535) F j b, He hated delicate and gay nurses, and they that were laborous homely and holsome he loued. 1602Shakes. Ham. i. v. 70 It doth..curd..The thin and wholesome blood. Ibid. iii. ii. 271. 1614 B. Jonson Barth. Fair ii. v, Vrs. I, I, Gamesters, mocke a plaine plumpe soft wench..because she's iuicy and wholesome. 1653Jer. Taylor Serm. iii. (L.) It is not to be expected that a diseased father should beget wholesome children. 1820Shelley Œd. Tyr. i. 85 He has not half an inch of wholesome fat Upon his carious ribs. 1848Dickens Dombey ii, A plump rosy-cheeked wholesome apple-faced young woman. 1851Hawthorne Ho. Seven Gables ix, The purifying influence scattered..by the presence of one youthful, fresh, and thoroughly wholesome heart. 1896A. E. Housman Shropsh. Lad xxiv, Ere the wholesome flesh decay.
Comb.1905Sladen Playing the Game i. xi, An unusually wholesome-natured woman.
b. transf. of a quality, condition, place, etc. (often approaching sense 1).
1604Shakes. Oth. iii. i. 49 In wholsome Wisedome He might not but refuse you. 1605― Macb. iv. iii. 105 O Nation miserable!.. When shalt thou see thy wholsome dayes againe? 1641in Rogers Protests of Lords (1875) I. 5 Such as shall disturb wholesome order. 1871R. H. Hutton Ess. II. 63 A wholesome busy city like Manchester.
c. Naut. Of a ship (see quots.); transf. of the sea.
1627Capt. J. Smith Sea Gram. xi. 52 A Ship that will try, hull, and ride well at Anchor, we call a wholsome Ship. Ibid., This makes her wholsome in the Sea without rowling. 1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag. i. 17 The Top-mast being aloft the Ship is the holsomest, and maketh better way through the Sea. 1762Elsdale's Narr. (MS.), The long continuance of the Gale had rais'd a most mountainous sea, but it was remarkably long and wholsome.
B. as n. in pl. Wholesome things.
In first quot. in a canting use (? suggested by fulsome).
1731–8Swift Pol. Conversat. 158 Bring me a Dram after my Goose; 'tis very good for the Wholsoms. 1858Brit. Q. Rev. LVI. 358 To provide..tables of the wholesomes and unwholesomes. 1863‘Holme Lee’ A. Warleigh iii. iii, Steer clear of novels before Miss Austen and Scott; if you would like me to make you out a list of amusing wholesomes, I will do it. |