| 释义 |
kinase Biochem.|ˈkaɪneɪz, -s|
[f. Gr. κιν-εῖν to move + -ase.]
a. Any substance which converts an inactive precursor (a zymogen) into an active enzyme.
1902W. H. Thompson tr. Pawlow's Work of Digestive Glands ix. 160 When a tube was introduced into the fistula, and the succus entericus afterwards collected in separate portions, the amount of kinase in the secretion became steadily less and less. 1903Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LXXXIV. ii. 497 When kinase is mixed with inactive pancreatic juice, it forms a powerful proteolytic mixture. 1923[see enterokinase (entero-)]. 1956I. L. Finar Org. Chem. II. xiii. 502 Many enzymes are inactive unless an activator is present. The inactive enzyme is known as a zymogen, and the activator as a kinase (if this is inorganic), e.g., trypsinogen (the zymogen) together with enterokinase (the kinase) forms the enzyme trypsin.
b. Any enzyme capable of catalysing the transfer of a phosphate group from adenosine triphosphate (or other nucleoside triphosphate) to another molecule; also used with preceding n. or prefix indicating the accepting molecule, as in hexokinase (from which this use derives).
1953Jrnl. Biol. Chem. CC. 187 The enzyme myokinase, or adenylate kinase, which catalyses the establishment of an equilibrium between the three nucleotides, adenosinetriphosphate (ATP), adenosinediphosphate (ADP), and adenylic acid (AMP). 1962P. D. Boyer et al. Enzymes (ed. 2) VI. i. 7 Enzymes transferring phosphoryl groups from ATP to acceptors have been termed kinases, phosphokinases, [etc.]... The term kinase stems from Meyerhof's designation of the enzyme that activates glucose as hexokinase. 1964Florkin & Stotz Comprehensive Biochem. (ed. 2) XIII. 34 A number of special words are used to indicate reaction types, e.g. ‘kinase’ to indicate a phosphate transfer from ATP to the named substrate (not ‘phosphokinase’). 1970New Scientist 29 Jan. 196/1 Elegant methods of joining large oligonucleotide sequences of DNA to one another using the enzymes polynucleotide kinase and ligase have, in fact, been worked out. |