| 释义 |
▪ I. whey, n.|hweɪ|
Forms: 1 hwæᵹ, hweᵹ, hwæiᵹ, 3 weȝe, wei, hwey, 4 qwhey, 4–5 wheye, 5–6 way, 5–7 (9 dial.) whay, 6 qway, quay, Sc. quhay(e, 6–7 whaye, wey, 9 dial. whew, 5– whey.
[OE. hwæᵹ, hweᵹ = OFris. *wei, (WFris. waei, NFris. wâi, EFris. wôi), MDu. wey (Du. wei, LG. wei, waje):—OTeut. *χwajo-, of which an ablaut-variant is found in MLG. huy, hoie (LG. hui, hoi, Du. hui):—*χujo-.]
1. a. The serum or watery part of milk which remains after the separation of the curd by coagulation, esp. in the manufacture of cheese.
c725Corpus Gloss. (Hessels) S 272 Serum, hwæᵹ. a1050Rect. Sing. Pers. §14 (Liebermann) 451 Sceaphyrdes riht is, þæt he hæbbe..blede fulle hweᵹes oððe syringe ealne sumor. 12..Sidonius Glosses (Anecd. Oxon.) I. v. 34/3 Hoc serum, i. weȝe. a1250Owl & Night. 1009 (Cotton MS.) Hi drinkeþ milc & wei [Jesus MS. hwey] þar to. 13..in Rel. Ant. I. 9/2 Cerum, i. quidam liquor, qwhey. c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 200 A purgacioun with gotis whey. c1430Two Cookery-bks. 56 Take croddys of þe deye, & wryng owt þe whey. 1549Compl. Scot. vi. 43 Thai maid grit cheir of..curdis and quhaye. 1587L. Mascall Cattle, Oxen (1596) 56 See..that your cheese be well and close gathered, in pressing foorth cleane all the whay. 1600Surflet Country Farm i. xiv. 90 The whaie may serue for the feeding of the hogs and dogs. 1732Arbuthnot Rules of Diet in Aliments, etc. i. 252 Of all Drinks, Whey is the most relaxing. 1791Scott Let. in Lockhart (1837) I. vi. 183 My uncle drinks the whey here, as I do ever since I understood it was brought to his bedside every morning at six, by a very pretty dairy-maid. 1893J. P. Sheldon Brit. Dairying xv. 163 On dairy farms where cheese and butter are made, pigs are useful to consume whey and skim-milk.
b. with qualification: whey of butter, buttermilk; alum whey, whey formed in the coagulation of milk by powdered alum; celery whey, mustard whey (mustard n. 4 c), sack whey (sack n.3 2), wine whey, names of beverages or medicinal drinks; white whey (see quot. 1837).
1530Palsgr. 288/1 Whay of butter, babeure. 1733Cheyne Engl. Malady iii. i. (1734) 268 To drink plentifully of small Sack Whey, or Water-Gruel. 1747Wesley Prim. Physick (1762) 80 Drink half a Pint of Cellery Whey. 1769Mrs. Raffald Engl. Housekpr. (1778) 313 To make Wine Whey. Put a pint of skimmed milk, and half a pint of white wine into a bason. 1784J. Potter Virt. Villagers II. 88 Wine and mustard wheys. 1837Brit. Husb. II. 424 (Libr. Usef. Knowl.), That which is pressed by hand from the curd, is termed ‘white whey’, and contains a considerable portion of oily matter. 1856Emerson Engl. Traits xiv. 246 The making a better sick-chair and a better wine-whey for an invalid. 1883I. Banks Forbidden to Marry viii, To prepare a whey of alum-and-milk.
†2. The serum of the blood. Obs.
1578Banister Hist. Man v. 82 The whay of bloud ought by the reynes to be strayned out. 1615Crooke Body of Man 95 The whey is deriued by the vreters into the bladder. 1718Chamberlayne Relig. Philos. I. v. §4 The afore⁓mention'd Food mixes itself with another Humour, Water, or Whey, which the Anatomists call the Lympha.
3. a. attrib. and Comb., as whey-bath, whey-colour, whey-curd, whey-house, whey-lead (lead n.1 5), whey-pot, whey-tub; whey-drinker; whey-colour(ed), whey-hued, whey-like, whey-sour adjs.; in reference to the pale colour of whey, as whey beard, whey countenance, whey face; whey-bearded, whey-pale adjs.; whey-bacon, bacon from a whey-pig; whey-beard, (a) a person having a ‘whey beard’; (b) the whitethroat, Sylvia cinerea; whey-bird, the woodlark, Alauda arborea; also = whey-beard (b); † whey-blooded a., cowardly; † whey-brained a., weak-brained; whey-brose, brose made with whey instead of water; whey-butter, butter made from whey or from whey-cream; whey-cream, the cream which remains in the whey after the curd has been removed; whey-drop, -eye, a hole in an imperfectly pressed cheese in which the whey collects; whey-face, a person having a pale face; so whey-faced a.; wheygoose nonce-wd., used as a term of opprobrium; whey-pig, a pig fed with whey; whey-porridge, porridge made with whey instead of water; whey-spring = whey-drop above; whey-whig, a beverage made of whey flavoured with herbs; whey-worm, see quot. 1828; fig. a whim; hence whey-wormed a., marked with whey-worms.
a1722Lisle Husb. (1757) 431 The latter end of November or December, when all the *whey-bacon is gone.
1888Rae Austrian Health Res. viii. 169 The spoiled daughters of luxury..indulge in *whey baths.
1614R. Tailor Hog hath lost Pearl iv. F 3 b, Father *whay-beard. 1647Lilly Chr. Astrol. xv. 84 He is leane, crooked, or beetle-browed, a thin whay Beard. 1831Rennie Montagu's Ornith. Dict., Whey beard, a name for the White Throat.
1553N. Grimalde Cicero's Offices i. (1556) 46 b, As soone as he waxed *whey⁓berded.
1825Jamieson, *Whey-bird, the wood-lark,..Lanarks. 1862Johns Brit. Birds 625 Whey-bird, the Whitethroat.
1675T. Duffet Mock Tempest i. i, The *Whey-Blooded Rogue looks as if his heart were melted into his Breeches.
1660Tatham Rump i. i, A *Whey-brain'd fellow.
1894W. D. Latto Tam. Bodkin viii, The *whey-brose was perfection.
a1722Lisle Husb. (1757) 406 They skimmed the cream off to make *whey-butter. 1846J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) I. 211 The quantity of whey-butter per cow is about half a pound per week.
1662R. Venables Exper. Angler ix. 89 When..the river..looketh of a *whay colour. 1684J. S. Profit & Pleas. United 171 If the weather be dark or Whey-colour. 1845James Arrah Neil ii, That indistinct hue which may be called whey-colour.
1602Shakes. Merry W. B iii, I take it hee is somewhat a weakly man: And he has as it were a *whay coloured beard. a1735Arbuthnot Diss. Dumpling Misc. Wks. 1751 I. 67 A goodly Whey-colour'd Beard. 1836Combe Digestion i. v, A semi-transparent whey-coloured fluid.
1604T. M. Black Bk. E 1 b, A *whay countenance, short stooppes, and earthen dampish-voyce.
1750W. Ellis Mod. Husb. IV. i. 170 When Butter is wholly made with *Whey-cream, it is then justly named Whey-butter.
1591Percivall Sp. Dict., Requeson, *whey cruds.
1740E. Baynard Health (ed. 6) 20 Such a Tormenter never rages 'mong *Whey-Drinkers in poor cottages.
1811W. Aiton Agric. Surv. Ayrs. 452 (Jam.) Putrifying holes, which, in the dairy language of Ayrshire, are termed *whey-drops.
Ibid. 455 Whey-springs, or *eyes, are seldom met with in the cheeses of Ayrshire.
1605Shakes. Macb. v. iii. 17 Macb...What Soldiers, Patch?.. What Soldiers *Whay-face? Ser. The English Force, so please you. 1753J. Collier Art Torment. i. ii. 46 If her complexion is fair, call her Whey-face. 1824Miss Mitford Village Ser. i. Mrs. Mosse, A little..man, with a Jerry-Sneak expression in his pale whey-face.
1649Davenant Love & Hon. iv. iv. 20 Marke, sir, that *whey-fac'd fellow in the red. 1697Prior Ep. to Sir F. Sheppard 49 That sneaking Whey-fac'd God Apollo. 1753Foote Englishm. in Paris i. i, One whey-fac'd Son of a Bitch..call'd me Bête. 1847C. Brontë J. Eyre xvii, Your tutor, whey-faced Mr. Vining.
1949C. Fry Lady's not for Burning i. 8 What shall I do With this nattering *wheygoose, Alizon? Shall I knock him down?
1663Pepys Diary 10 June, To the Royal Theatre... Thence to the *whay-house, and drank a great deal of whay.
a1915Joyce Giacomo Joyce (1968) 2 Smitten by the hot creamy light, grey *wheyhued shadows under the jawbones.
1872–4Jefferies Toilers of Field (1892) 164 Against one wall are the *whey-leads.
1796Withering Brit. Plants (ed. 3) IV. 174 A *whey-like juice. 1822Good Study Med. II. 189 Whey-like urine.
1916Joyce Portrait of Artist v. 193 He saw in a moment the student's *wheypale face. 1978H. Wouk War & Remembrance xiii. 129 Ascher's whey-pale face wanly lit up at the comparison.
1585Higins Junius' Nomencl. 51/1 Porcus serarius,..a *whey pig.
14..Metr. Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 624/4 Whey i. olla *whey potte.
1922Joyce Ulysses 29 With her weak blood and *wheysour milk she had fed him.
1784Twamley Dairying Exempl. 13 Faults..in Cheese such as..*Whey Springs. 1811[see whey-eye].
1813T. Rudge Agric. Glouc. 299 Butter-milk..is sometimes saved in the *whey-tub.
1811Willan in Archaeologia XVII. 163 *Whey-Whig, whey impregnated with mint, balm, and walnut leaves.
a1548Hall Chron., Edw. IV 222 The Essex men hauynge wylde *whaye wormes in their heddes. 1828Craven Gloss., Whey-worms, pimples, from which exudes a wheylike moisture.
a1529Skelton E. Rummyng 553 A sory face *Wheywormed about.
b. as adj. Whey-coloured (cf. whey beard).
1663Butler Hud. i. i. 245 His tawny Beard..The upper part thereof was Whey, The nether Orange mixt with Grey.
▪ II. † whey, v. Obs.
[f. prec.]
trans. To separate the whey from (milk); hence in vbl. n. attrib., as wheying cloth; also, to make (the blood) wheyish or thin.
1660in Sir R. Sadler's St. Papers (1809) III. 358 Two fleeting dishes, six turning cloathes, and five wheying cloathes. 1661Feltham Resolves (ed. 8) ii. xi. 201 It is most true that in matters unjust, Christian Religion wheyes the bloud and makes a Coward of man. 1716M. Davies Athen. Brit. III. 73 The Idolatry of Covetousness..had so whey'd or coagulated all it's Mass of Blood. 1728E. Smith Compl. Housew. (ed. 2) 85 Take the Curd of a gallon of Milk, and whey it well. Ibid. 105 Take a gallon of new Milk, set it as for a Cheese, and gently whey it.
▪ III. whey
north. f. quey, heifer, way int. |