| 释义 |
▪ I. utterance1|ˈʌtərəns|
Forms: 5– utterance (5–6 -aunce), 5–7 vtterance (5–6 -aunce, 6 -ans), 5 vttrawnce (6 -ance), vttr-, 8 utt'rance; 5 ottyrance, oterauns, uter-, 6 vteraunce.
[f. utter v.1 + -ance.]
I.
†1.
a. The disposal of goods, commodities, etc., by sale or barter. Obs.
1436Rolls of Parlt. IV. 499/1 If it seme come to, that utterance and sale of the seid Wolle..be so escarse. 1461in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. V. 300 If ony citsaine..wil gyve the utterance of ony marchandise..unto a strangere. a1513Fabyan Chron. vii. 630 Theyr vtteraunce of clothe of golde and sylkys to the..lordes of the realme. 1579Southampton Court Leet Rec. (1906) ii. 176 The fishe⁓mongers should have shoppes..built in the ffishe marcket for the..vtterance of the same. c1630T. Mun Eng. Treas. (1664) 18 We must..sell as cheap as possible..rather than to lose the utterance of such wares. 1632in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. V. 478 The greate losse which husbandmen receive for want of utterance for their corne.
†b. In the phr. to have or make ({ddd}) utterance.
1502Arnolde Chron. (1811) 129 The said peper is so musty..your said suppliant as yet can haue non vttraunce therof. Ibid., He is neuer lyke to haue ani vttiraunce of the said peper heraftir. 1577Harrison England ii. v. (1877) i. 136 By ridding their worke to make speedie vtterance of their wares. 1600Hakluyt Voy. (1810) III. 594 There hee had reasonable vtterance of his English commodities. 1622Mabbe tr. Aleman's Guzman d' Alf. ii. 313 Having no such vtterance of her Ware. 1675Machiavelli's Prince Wks. 258 Towards the Sea-side they have no utterance for any thing.
†2. The action of giving out of a store; issue. Obs. rare.
a1483Liber Niger in Househ. Ord. (1790) 57 That ye take..suche oversights of all..stuffe, comprised within your charge,..that the utterance of it be guyded to the King's most worship and profitt. 1603Breton Packet Mad Lett. xliii, Usurers are halfe mad, for lacke of vtterance of their mony. 1757Jos. Harris Coins 86 Coining only ascertains the quantity of metal contained in the several pieces, at their utterance out of the mint.
fig.c1585Fair Em i. iv. 24 Nature vniust, in vtterance of thy arte, To grace a pesant with a Princes fame!
3. a. The action of uttering with the voice; vocal expression of something; speaking, speech. Also with of.
Also freq. from c 1667 in the phrase to give utterance (to something).
c1456Pecock Bk. of Faith (1909) 130 A publisching or a nakid uttraunce, telling, or denouncing. 1474Caxton Chesse ii. iii. (1883) 38 Oftetymes they selle as welle theyr scilence as theyr vtterance. 1489Cov. Leet Bk. 536 For disclosure & vtteraunce of certain seducious langage. 1553T. Wilson Rhet. 4 Utterance therefore is a framyng of the voyce, countenaunce, and gesture, after a comely maner. a1589Palfreyman Baldwin's Mor. Philos. (1600) 156 The holinesse and cleannesse of the mouth, standeth in the utterance of rightnesse and truth. 1589Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 51 Samela..seeing his vtterance full of broken sighes. 1642Milton Apol. Smect. 47 In vaine therefore do they pretend to want utterance in prayer, who can finde utterance to preach. 1648Wilkins Math. Magic ii. iv. 176 The utterance of articulate sounds. 1667Milton P.L. ix. 1066 Adam..At length gave utterance to these words constraind. 1703Rowe Fair Penit. i. i, Utterance all is vile; since I can only Swear you reign here, but never tell how much. 1784Cowper Task vi. 339 The total herd..resolv'd..To give such act and utt'rance as they may To ecstasy. 1794Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. Udolpho xxix, Her courage failed as often as she attempted utterance. 1839Dickens Nich. Nick. xii, With such energy of utterance as might have been..mistaken for rapture. 1847S. Austin Ranke's Hist. Ref. III. 141 These protests were only the utterance of the feeling that France yielded to force. 1861Geo. Eliot Silas M. ix, The Squire was purple with anger.., and found utterance difficult.
transf.1602Shakes. Ham. iii. ii. 378 These [sc. recorder stops] cannot I command to any vtterance of hermony, I haue not the skill. 1842Tennyson Love & Duty 61 We..to the want..Gave utterance by the yearning of an eye. a1854H. Reed Lect. Brit. Poets i. (1857) 14 The souls of mighty poets finding utterance in the music of English words.
b. The action of expelling breath.
1844W. Upton Physioglyphics 186 This primary reference..of a r, to the utterance of the breath with earnestness.
4. The faculty or power of speech; manner of speaking.
1474Caxton Chesse iii. v. (1883) 119 The gracious speche and vtterance of rethorique. 1480― Trevisa's Higden (1482) 140 He..was connyng in crafte of fayre vtteraunce. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 30 To some persones is gyuen syngular good vtteraunce of eloquence. 1553Wilson Rhet. 116 b, Hauing a good tongue,..he shall be thought to passe all other, that haue the like utteraunce. 16022nd Pt. Return Parnass. iii. i. 1151 It remaines to try whether you bee a man of good vtterance. 1667Milton P.L. iii. 62 All the Sanctities of Heaven..from his sight receiv'd Beatitude past utterance. 1676Dryden Aureng Z. Ep. Ded. A 2 b, 'Tis onely because God has not bestow'd on them the gift of utterance. 1709Steele Tatler No. 27 ⁋5 She has naturally a very agreeable Voice and Utterance. 1782F. Burney Cecilia v. iv, All utterance seemed denied her. 1828D'Israeli Chas. I, I. ii. 21 The King's difficult utterance rendered his addresses..painful to himself and the Parliament. 1848Dickens Dombey xxiii, A deep, gruff, husky utterance. 1871Tylor Prim. Cult. I. 45 A king of Singhalese patois, peculiar in dialect and utterance.
fig.1702Steele Grief à-la-Mode iii. i. 43 Her Charms are Dumb, they want utterance.
5. That which is uttered or expressed in words; a spoken (or written) statement or expression; an articulated sound.
Freq. from c 1865, esp. with an and pl.
c1454Pecock Folewer 103 Suche wordis, countenauncis, gesturis and vttrauncis. 1596Edw. III, ii. i, I might perceiue..His eare to drinke her sweet tongues vtterance. 1667Milton P.L. iv. 410 Eve..turnd him all eare to heare new utterance flow. 1817Shelley Rev. Islam vii. xxxii, Sweet melodies Of love..I caught,..when thy dear eyes Shone through my sleep, and did that utterance harmonize. 1831Carlyle Sart. Res. i. iii, To hear a whole series and river of the most memorable utterances. 1860Geo. Eliot in Cross Life (1884) III. 131 The ‘Mill on the Floss’ be it then!.. The title is rather a laborious utterance. 1871Blackie Four Phases i. 97 Let us attempt to analyse this utterance. 1887Bowen æneid iv. 280 Horror bristles his locks, on his lips all utterance dies.
(b) Freq. in Linguistics, spoken or written words forming the complete expression of a thought. (Used with varying degrees of technicality.)
1932A. H. Gardiner Theory of Speech & Lang. iv. 206 Under the term ‘utterance’ writing must be included. 1951Z. S. Harris Methods in Structural Linguistics ii. 14 An utterance is any stretch of talk, by one person, before and after which there is silence on the part of the person. The utterance is, in general, not identical with the ‘sentence’. 1955J. L. Austin How to do Things with Words (1962) v. 61 Written utterances are not tethered to their origin in the way spoken ones are. 1964M. A. K. Halliday et al. Linguistic Sci. iv. 95 The utterance, the smallest institutional unit of language activity. 1966Y. Bar-Hillel in Automatic Transl. of Lang. (NATO Summer School, Venice, 1962) 17, I have already suggested..to distinguish artificially between them qua technical terms and use ‘utterance’ for observational entities and ‘sentence’ for theoretical ones.
II.
†6. A place of egress; an outlet. Obs.
1662Chandler Van Helmont's Oriat. 222 In what part the Stomach layeth open at top,..is called its Orifice or mouth: But its utterance beneath [L. infernus vero ejus exitus], is named the Pylorus or Porter.
III. 7. attrib. and Comb., as utterance-type; utterance-final, utterance-initial, utterance-interior, utterance-medial adjs.; utterance-finally adv.
1953C. E. Bazell Linguistic Form 5 The most common English utterance-type. 1957in Amer. Speech 1972 (1975) XLVII. 229 Even assuming there may be for some speakers certain contrasts in utterance-interior positions which might require both /c̆/ and /ts̆/ in the inventory, surely there are no such contrasts in utterance-initial and utterance-final sequences. 1964W. Jassem in D. Abercrombie et al. Daniel Jones 346 Voiced stops do not occur utterance-finally in Polish. 1970Language XLVI. 80 Even in his speech the laryngeal is lost in utterance-medial positions. Ibid. 82 For the nasal consonants, the variant which occurs in utterance-initial syllable onset before nasal vowels is taken to be basic. 1977Ibid. LIII. 318 The optional utterance-final particle -o may be added to both imperatives and vocatives. 1978C. Hookway in Hookway & Pettit Action & Interpretation 32 The notion of utterance type is itself translational, as Wallace puts it.
▪ II. utterance2 Now lit. or arch.
Forms: 5–7, 9 utterance, 6 -aunce, 5 vtterauns(e, -ans, 5–6 -aunce, 6–7 -ance, 5 uttraunce, 6–7 -ance, 5–7 vttraunce, 5–6 -anse; 5 vtraunce, 6 vterance, -aunce, Sc. vtyrrans, wterance.
[ad. OF. oultrance, outrance: see outrance.]
†1. A degree which surpasses bounds or goes beyond measure in respect of severity, vehemence, etc.; immoderate force or violence; excess, the uttermost. Obs.
c1400Destr. Troy 5130 Þen Vlixes, with vtterans vne vpponone, The derfe wordis of Diamede dullit with speche. Ibid. 5808 Vlixes with vtteraunse vnder his shild Mony stithe in stoure stroke on þere helmes. 1430–40Lydg. Bochas ix. 3221 In tokne that God his quarel wolde auaunce, Disconfiture was maad on that partie, Vpon King Iohn be violent vttraunce. 1470–85Malory Arthur vii. v. 218 It doth me good to fele your myght and yet my lord I shewed not the vtteraunce. a1513Fabyan Chron. i. xv. (1811) 15 The Circumstaunce of the vtterans of y⊇ vnkyndnesse of his .ii. doughters. 1590Greene Royal Exch. B 1 b, Anie..that had [not] doone some exployte before in some battaile of vtteraunce.
2. a. to (unto, into) the (such, etc.) utterance, to an extreme degree; to the bitter end; to the last or utmost extremity. Freq. (b) with fight, etc. Now lit. or arch. (revived in 19th cent.).
c1400Destr. Troy 7981 Þat all the deire of the ded be done on vs two, To vttranse & yssue vne at this tyme. c1450Lovelich Merlin 10088 So that they sworen..thereon to ben avenged jnto þe vttrawnce. 1470–85Malory Arthur vii. xii. 230 Thenne will I haue adoo with hym to the vtteraunce. 1525Ld. Berners Froiss. II. xlviii. 163 No frensshmen wolde vndertake to kepe it [sc. a town] to the vtteraunce, for it was not stronge ynoughe. 1567Paynell tr. Treas. Amadis of Gaule 239, I must take the sword by the way of the armes betwene you and me onely unto the utterance of your life or mine. 1587Greene Euphues Wks. (Grosart) VI. 158 To make a counterpoyse of discourtesie to the vtteraunce. 1601Holland Pliny I. 428 Corne steeped in water, whereof they will drinke to the utterance, and be drunke. 1605Shakes. Macb. iii. i. 72 Come Fate into the Lyst, And champion me to th' vtterance.
1860Motley Netherl. iv. I. 130 The champion to the utterance against Spain, stood there with lance in rest. 1907McCarthy Needles & Pins xi, She had loved him well and proved it to the utterance.
(b)1475Bk. Noblesse 77 To doo armes in liestis to the utteraunce. 1512Helyas in Thoms Prose Rom. (1828) III. 93 Here is my gauge to sustain it to the utteraunce. 1550J. Coke Eng. & Fr. Heralds §59 Heralde the usurper fought the battayle to th' utteraunce. 1578H. Wotton Courtlie Controv. 7 Thus the Gentlemen..skirmished to the vtterance. 1600Holland Livy 1126 He prepared warre with all his power to the utterance. 1606― Sueton. 16 At the saide solemnity of sword-plaiers, there fought to the uttrance..Fvrivs Leptinvs..and A. Calpenvs.
1821Southey Exped. Orsua 56, I will fight him to the utterance upon this quarrel. 1834Sir H. Taylor Artevelde ii. v. ii, The Lower Lis They to the utterance will dispute. 1837Browning Strafford v. ii, I fought her [sc. England] to the utterance, I fell, I am hers now, and I will die.
†b. to bring or put to (or unto) utterance, to overcome completely, vanquish thoroughly; to bring to ruin or subjection, put to death. Obs.
1430Lydg. St. Margaret 324 Thou hast me brought shortly to vttraunce, I am venquysshed. c1430― Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 135 Whan Amelech was brouhte unto uttraunce. c1477Caxton Jason 138 Whan his complices apperceyued that he was put to vtteraunce. 1509Barclay Shyp of Folys 185 If thy iustyce sholde put vs to vttraunce, We sholde be damnyd for our mysgouernaunce. a1533Ld. Berners Huon xvii. 47 He hath brought his enemy to vttranse, and slayne hym. 1596Z. J. tr. Lavardin's Hist. Scanderbeg 92 The Christians increasing still in fury..did on all parts put them to utterance.
fig.1509Barclay Shyp Folys 226 Assaynge for to put our fayth to harde vttraunce.
†3. at (the) utterance:
a. With the highest degree of energy or vigour; with the utmost force or violence; to the last or uttermost degree. Freq. with verbs, esp. fight. (Cf. 2 a.)
1480Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxlii. 148 b, Than thees two worthy lordes comen..and weren redy in the place for to fight at vtteraunce. 1485― Chas. Gt. 62 They lete theyr horses renne wyth a grete courage for to Iuste at vtteraunce. Ibid. 142 Þe pylers of marble & other stones bygonnen to brenne & make fyre at vtteraunce. a1548Hall Chron., Rich. III, 26 He woulde fighte with hym at the vtteraunce. 1600Holland Livy 684 Corbis and Orsua made profession to trie the title at the utterance by dint of sword. 1611Shakes. Cymb. iii. i. 73 Of him, I gather'd Honour, Which he, to seeke of me againe, perforce, Behooues me keepe at vtterance. a1630D. Hume Hist. Ho. Douglas & Angus (1644) 30 Hee used them so gently, which he would not have done if he had taken it [sc. the castle] at utterance.
†b. To the utmost of (one's power). Obs.
1513Douglas æneid xii. ix. 124 Euery man..At the vtyrrans of all his fors gan fycht.
†c. At the last extremity. Obs. rare—1.
1525Ld. Berners Froiss. II. xxiv. 26/1 A varlet..stode by and sawe the batayle... And whan he sawe his maister almost at vttraunce, he was sorie. |