| 释义 |
▪ I. ‖ kayak1|ˈkaɪək|
Also 8 kaiak, kiack, 8–9 kajak, 9 kayac(k, kya(c)k, kaiack, kajac, cayak.
[Eskimo; the term is common to all the dialects, from Greenland to Alaska. The k's have a deep guttural sound, sometimes represented by k, rk, or rkr.]
a. The canoe of the Greenlanders and other Eskimo, made of a framework of light wood covered with sealskins sewn together; the top has an opening in the middle to admit the single kayaker, who laces the covering round him to prevent the entrance of water.
[1662J. Davies tr. Olearius' Voy. Ambass. 71 The Greenlanders speak..Kajakka, a little Boat.] 1757J. Scott Ode Winter 22 Their hands..The kajak and the dart prepare. 1768Wales in Phil. Trans. LX. 108 Three Eskimaux in their canoes, or, as they term them, Kiacks. 1769Falconer Dict. Marine (1789) L b, The canoe is called kaiak, or man's boat, to distinguish it from umiak, the woman's boat. 1819Sir J. Ross Voy. Arct. Reg. iv. 54 Our Eskimaux returned with seven natives in their canoes, or kajacks. 1841–71T. R. Jones Anim. Kingd. (ed. 4) 597 The double-bladed oar with which the Greenlander so dexterously steers his kajac, or canoe. 1878Nares Polar Sea I. ii. 20 A few of the officers became rather expert in the use of the kayak.
Comb.1888Times 16 Nov. 10/2 They hired two kajak⁓men to bring letters to Ivigtut.
b. Any canoe developed from the Eskimo kayak, used for touring or sport.
1936A. R. Ellis Canoeing for Beginners i. 10 Constructional plans of the British Scout Kayak... This craft is a very seaworthy little piece of work... It is about 15 feet in length. 1946P. W. Blandford Canoeing To-Day i. 4 It is common to refer to a folding craft as a canoe and a rigid craft as a kayak, although the latter is not built on Eskimo lines. Ibid. 62 Kayak, originally the Eskimo craft, but now generally applied to any rigid canvas-covered decked canoe. 1962― Canoes & Canoeing i. 15 What the European calls a canoe the American calls a kayak, and what the American calls a canoe the European usually qualifies as a Canadian canoe, keeping the word kayak for the special slim craft based on the Eskimo pattern. 1966J. Samson in B. C. Skilling Canoeing Complete i. 24 About 1840 the first copies of Greenland kayaks appeared in Europe... After 1865 canoeing began to rise as a new kind of sport. The Scot, McGregor, made his sensational voyages in kayaks of his own design.
c. attrib. and Comb.
1963Internal Jrnl. Social Psychiatry IX. i. 19 Kayak-angst (kayak-phobia, kayak dizziness) is well known throughout all districts of West Greenland... Kayak-angst is scarcely mentioned in English written accounts, with the exception of brief references in Freuchen, Birket-Smith and a few others. 1963B. C. Skilling in Canoe Venture 20 In the kayak world it was accepted that to have complete control the canoe and man must become as one. 1964Slalom & White Water Course (Ontario Voyageurs Kayak Club) i. 4 Modern kayak-paddling technique is a combination of the classical style and of elements adopted from the Canadian canoe. 1964N. Hunt Adventures in Canoeing i. 13 He feels his individual make-up is in line with these exciting aspects of kayak sport. Ibid. ii. 24 A lightweight, strong and water-tight hull, easy to make and no more expensive than a soft-skinned kayak kit. Ibid. iii. 37 Free your legs from the knee grips by pressing the thighs towards the kayak floor. Ibid. vii. 89 A broken kayak paddle.
Hence ˈkayak v. intr., to travel by kayak; ˈkayaker, one who manages a kayak; ˈkayaking, the managing of a kayak; also attrib.; ˈkayakist, one who paddles a kayak.
1856Kane Arct. Expl. I. xxx. 416 Almost in an instant the animal charged upon the kayackers. 1875H. Rink Tales & Trad. Eskimo I. 294 Another day, when he was kayaking along the coast, he remarked some loose pieces of ice. Ibid. 295 His wife repeated the tale of his misfortunes to every kayaker on his return home. Ibid. lxii. 349 The following day the father kayaked the same way past the cape, and came in sight of the tents. 1887Cent. Mag. Aug. 556/1 He had learned..the rudiments of kayaking. 1960Spectator 2 Sept. 340 She's training with the world's top kayakists. 1963R. George in Canoe Venture 5 The Australian and American founders, who swore that they would never raise the status of kayak to canoe even though it was going to be a canoeing club of kayakists. Ibid. 21 The paddlers sat on their wickerwork seats and watched with disdain the gyratics of the new kayakers. 1964Slalom & White Water Course (Ontario Voyageurs Kayak Club) v. 12 His name is probably not mentioned in Czech kayaking literature. Ibid. xii. 22 Slalom competitions are considered the ‘matriculation’ of the kayaking fraternity. 1966B. C. Skilling Canoeing Complete 11 The knowledge and experience which he and other members of his parties gained in kayaking with the Eskimos. Ibid. x. 176 It will be found that few kayakers can paddle with equal facility on both sides of their canoe using a single-bladed paddle stroke. 1967Nat. Geographic Sept. 328/1 Halting for lunch, the kayakers beach their craft..then join youngsters splashing in the mole-protected harbor. 1969Pubn. Amer. Dial. Soc. li. 1 The sport of whitewater kayaking was developed in the United States... Kayak slalom, the most complex form of kayaking, is a competition in which the kayakist or paddler must pass through a series of gates in the rapids. 1973New Earth Catalog 17/1 A kayak outfitter with kits and..instruction on the art of kayaking down some of Colorado's rivers.
▪ II. kayak2 Canada.|ˈkaɪæk|
Also kia(c)k, kyack.
[Prob. f. Algonquian.]
= ale-wife2.
1849A. Gesner Industr. Resources Nova Scotia 121 Sometimes a hundred men, among whom is a sprinkling of Indians, are engaged in taking the ‘kiacks’ from the stream. 1878C. Hallock Sportsman's Gazetteer (ed. 4) 271 Kyack.—Pomolobus pseudoharengus. 1965Canad. Geogr. Jrnl. June 209/1 ‘Alewives’ is the common name used in Britian and New Zealand, while the MicMac Indians called the fish ‘kayaks’, and in Latin it's Pomolobus pseudoharengus. 1965E. Richardson Living Island 109 To feast upon the sweet spring clams and the running kyack-cooks (we still call alewives ‘kyacks’). |