| 释义 |
karst, Karst|kɑːst|
1. The name (the Karst, G. der Karst (= Serbo-Croat Kras)) of a high barren limestone region south of Ljubljana in N.W. Yugoslavia that has given its name to a kind of topography typified there (see 2); used attrib. in Geomorphol. (now usu. with small k) to designate similar regions and scenery, features, and phenomena associated with them, etc.; karst land, karstland, karstic land; a karstic region.
1894Geogr. Jrnl. III. 321 Under the general designation Karst-phenomena, physical geographers in Germany include a variety of land-surface features, all characteristic of limestone regions, which, when the features in question are present, are known as ‘Karst-regions’. Ibid. 509 A monotonous limestone plateau almost without water and vegetation, and occasionally exhibiting the very worst Karst features. 1898Karst-land [see blind a. (and adv.) 11 c]. 1903Westm. Gaz. 10 Feb. 3/1 The latter [sc. Herzegovina], although fertile in parts and well cultivated, is a Karst country, warm and southern. 1908H. B. C. & W. J. Sollas tr. Suess's Face of Earth III. vi. 231 In the Shan states of Burma, several of the coulisses which approach from the north and north-east disappear beneath a karst-like plateau of Palaeozoic limestone. 1909Chamberlin & Salisbury Geol.: Shorter Course xxiii. 689 The limestone and dolomite are much more resistant than the associated shales, and as a result, erosion has developed a distinctive topography (Karst topography) at several points in the southern Alps. 1921Geogr. Rev. XI. 594 In a region where karst topography is fully developed the water circulates almost entirely underground. Ibid. 631 To Penck and others we owe something for their development of the idea of the karst cycle. 1922Geol. Mag. LIX. 394 Karst phenomena are not infrequent in the Alpine limestone districts. 1924Glasgow Herald 25 Aug. 4 Karakul sheep were also introduced..in the Austrian ‘karst land’, in the mountains between Croatia and the Adriatic. 1932W. H. Emmons et al. Geol. v. 80 In the United States similar topography is developed in limestone areas in central Tennessee and Kentucky and is referred to as Karst topography. 1939Bailey & Weir Introd. Geol. xxxi. 183 Karst land is rare in Scotland. 1954W. D. Thornbury Princ. Geomorphol. xiii. 349 Whether there exists a distinct cycle of land-form evolution in limestone terrains which we may designate as a karst cycle or whether what has been so designated is better considered as the karst phase of a fluvial cycle is a disputed question. 1957G. E. Hutchinson Treat. Limnol. I. i. 107 Along the southwestern shore of the lakes where the karst topography is best developed, there are not only many islands but also very deep holes. 1958Geogr. Jrnl. CXXIV. 184 (heading) The karstlands of Jamaica. 1963‘M. Albrand’ Call from Austria xvii. 145 He might have fallen into one of those karst holes you can't spot until it's too late. 1963D. W. & E. E. Humphries tr. Termier's Erosion & Sedimentation xiv. 316 A karst-eroded surface. 1971Guardian 5 June 9/2 This is Italy's deep south, karst country, hot and dry, split with canyons.
2. (With small k.) A kind of topography of which the Yugoslavian Karst is typical, found in areas of readily dissolved rock (usually limestone) and predominantly underground drainage and marked by numerous abrupt ridges, fissures, sink-holes, and caverns; a region dominated by this kind of topography.
In quot. 1902 the Karst in Yugoslavia is referred to.
1902Geogr. Jrnl. XX. 429 The uvala is a large, broad sinking in the karst with uneven floor. 1916H. F. Cleland Geol. iii. 72 Karst is used as a descriptive term for any limestone region which has been etched and eroded by water into a rough surface. 1922Geol. Mag. LIX. 394 The south of France where the karst attains its greatest development in Western Europe. 1937Wooldridge & Morgan Physical Basis Geogr. xix. 289 The surface of a well-developed karst has lost all semblance of normal water-modelled forms. It is a stone desert, a chaos of pits, elongated hollows, and ridges. 1958Geogr. Jrnl. CXXIV. 192 Considerable areas of degraded karst occur in northern and central Jamaica. 1963D. W. & E. E. Humphries tr. Termier's Erosion & Sedimentation vi. 148 Bauxites occur very frequently on karsts. 1966J. C. Pugh in G. H. Dury Ess. Geomorphol. 135 Some workers prefer to regard cockpit country and tower karst as typical of karst in general, holding that in the past too much emphasis has been placed on solution and on associated collapse of passages, and too little on surface features of solution which are not restricted to tropical regions. 1968R. W. Fairbridge Encycl. Geomorphol. 682/2 The terrace surface is a deeply etched karst (‘karrenfeld’), with pinnacles 15 feet high, alternating with deep crevices, partly filled with red soil. 1972J. Roglić in Herak & Stringfield Karst i. 6 Following Cvijić, he considered the doline a basic feature (‘Leitform’) of karst.
Hence ˈkarstic a., of or characteristic of karst; that is (a) karst.
1925Geogr. Rev. XV. 72 The poljes have been formed by karstic and fluvial erosion. Ibid. 140 They occur in volcanic and karstic terrains. 1933Geogr. Jrnl. LXXXI. 275 Karstic drainage occurs in limestone, dolomite, gypsum. 1957G. E. Hutchinson Treat. Limnol. I. i. 19 In common with the other large lakes of the region [sc. the Balkans], both show some karstic features. 1963D. W. & E. E. Humphries tr. Termier's Erosion & Sedimentation vi. 148 The karstic form of the limestone has thus acted as a trap for the transported sediment. 1970R. J. Small Study of Landforms iv. 152 Enclosed depressions in karstic areas are usually attributed either to (i) slow downward development by solution processes..or to (ii) collapse of rock above an underground passage or cavern. |