| 释义 |
Kantian, a. and n.|ˈkæntɪən|
Also Kantean.
[f. the name of the celebrated German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) + -ian.]
A. adj. Of, pertaining to, or connected with Kant or his philosophy.
Kant's characteristic doctrine was that a critical analysis of our experience discloses: (a) in logic, that thought actively synthesizes the matter of sense under certain laws (‘forms’ and ‘categories’) which are a priori determinable as universally valid for and within experience; (b) in ethics, that an absolutely valid moral ‘law’ is similarly determinable, whence the reality of God, Freedom, and Immortality is deducible as ‘practically necessary’, even though to speculative thought the nature and very existence of the non-phenomenal or noümenal must remain ‘problematic’.
Hence Kantian tends to connote ‘apriorism’ or ‘transcendentalism’, viz. the view that certain necessary truths are determinable as implications of our logical and moral experience. (R. R. Marett.)
1796F. A. Nitsch Gen. View Kant's Princ. concerning Man 1, I venture to address the Learned and Philosophers, on the Kantean principles. 1798A. F. M. Willich Elem. Critical Philos. 22 Plattner..has employed rational scepticism against the Kantian system. 1811H. C. Robinson Diary 29 Mar. (1967) 3, I doubt the concurrence of this explanation of a general idea with the Kantian theory. 1817Edin. Rev. XXVIII. 491 Mr. Coleridge has ever since..been..floating or sinking in fine Kantean categories. 1858W. R. Pirie Inq. Hum. Mind ii. iv. 194 A strong bias in favour of the Kantian metaphysics. 1862H. Spencer First Princ. i. iii. §15 (1875) 49 Shall we then take refuge in the Kantian doctrine? shall we say that Space and Time are forms of the intellect—a priori laws or conditions of the conscious mind? 1877E. Caird Philos. Kant 666 The ultimate decision..as to the Kantian Criticism of Pure Reason must turn upon the opposition of perception and conception, as factors which reciprocally imply, and yet exclude, each other.
B. n. One who holds the philosophical system of Kant.
1799Coleridge Notebooks (1957) I. 390 Brown was no Kantian & probably held nothing but high degrees of Probability possible. 1805J. Mackintosh in R. J. Mackintosh Mem. Life Sir J. Mackintosh (1836) I. 260, I own to you that I am not a whit more near being a Kantian than I was before. 1832Edin. Rev. LVI. 164 note, The Kantians ‘make a broad distinction between the Understanding and Reason’.
Hence ˈKantianism; so ˈKantism, ˈKantist, ˈKantite (rare).
1803Beddoes Hygëia ix. 205 note, I hate metaphysics..that is, the school-learning of old and modern Kantianism. 1819Pantologia s.v., Kantian Philosophy, Kantism, or Critical Philosophy. 1825Carlyle Schiller (1845) App. 290 He answered me like an accomplished Kantite. 1830Mackintosh Eth. Philos. Wks. 1846 I. 214 The..professor..has rapidly shot through Kantianism. 1839Carlyle Misc., St. Germ. Lit. (1872) I. 67 The Kantist, in direct contradiction to Locke and all his followers..commences from within. 1845Maurice Mor. & Met. Philos. in Encycl. Metrop. II. 667/1 Kantism, or the attempt to build upon this doctrine of a practical and speculative reason, has inevitably led to the loss of all these good consequences. 1886Sidgwick Hist. Ethics (1892) 271 Kantism in the ethical thought of modern Europe holds a place somewhat analogous to that occupied by the teaching of Price and Reid among ourselves. |