| 释义 |
sustained, ppl. a.|səˈsteɪnd|
[f. sustain v. + -ed1.]
1. a. Kept up without intermission or flagging; maintained through successive stages or over a long period; kept up or maintained at a uniform (esp. a high) pitch or level.
1796Burke Regic. Peace i. Wks. 1907 VI. 144 A vehement and sustained spirit of fortitude. 1816Scott Old Mort. xxxii, His marksmen, commencing upon the pass a fire as well aimed as it was sustained and regular. 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. i. iv. iv, Next day, with sustained pomp, they are..installed in their Salle des Menus. 1853Lytton My Novel xii. xxxiii, Harley's compassion vanished before this sustained hypocrisy. 1860All Year Round No. 67. 396 Mr. Hyde Clarke is the only man who has attempted a sustained biography of him. 1873Symonds Grk. Poets v. 126 The Dorian poets, inspired by a graver and more sustained imagination, composed long and complex odes.
b. sustained yield (orig. Forestry): the quantity that can be periodically harvested from a crop or population without depleting it in the long term; also attrib.
1919Recknagel & Bentley Forest Management xii. 124 By sustained yield is understood the yield or cut of timber from a forest which is managed in such a way as to permit the removal of an approximately equal volume of timber, annually or periodically, equal to the increment. 1980Purdom & Anderson Environmental Sci. ix. 219/1 Foresters are finding the sustained yield method, which produces a modest annual timber crop, increasingly more desirable. Ibid. x. 245/2 The goal of the fishing industry should be to establish a sustained yield. Closed seasons, catch quotas, nets with larger mesh size, and minimum fish size can help achieve a sustained yield.
c. sustained-release a. (Pharm.): applied to a preparation that releases a substance slowly or intermittently into the bloodstream over a period so as to maintain a steady concentration of it, esp. by means of numerous tiny pellets with different coatings contained in and administered orally as a single capsule. Cf. slow-release adj. b s.v. slow a. 16 d, Spansule.
1956Jrnl. Pharmacy & Pharmacol. VIII. 975 It was thought that these resins might provide suitable chemical carriers for drugs in sustained release preparations. 1974Shotton & Ridgway Physical Pharmaceutics xii. 340 Sustained release products can be made by embedding the drug in a hydrophobic matrix from which it is leached out over a period of time. 1979Arizona Daily Star 8 Apr. c10/1 (Advt.), Most products provide short-duration nutritional burst. Heritage sustained-release tablets work all day long, up to 12 hours, to release nutrients when you need them.
2. Of a note or tone:
a. Maintained at the same pitch. rare.
1775T. Sheridan Art Reading i. 197 That interruption ought to make no change in the proper manner of delivering it, which should be in a sustained note.
b. Mus. Maintained (in its full force) through its whole length; see also quot. 1876.
1801Busby Dict. Mus. s.v., Notes are said to be sustained when their sound is continued through their whole power, or length. 1845G. Dodd Brit. Manuf. IV. 156 Unless..it were possible to obtain the sustained tones of the organ. 1876Stainer & Barrett Dict. Mus. T., Sustained note, a name given to prolonged notes which partake of the character of a pedal-point by their immunity from ordinary harmonic rules, but which cannot with propriety be called pedal-points owing to their occurrence in the middle or upper part.
3. Endured, borne.
1819Byron Mazeppa ii, This [horse] too sinks after many a league Of well sustain'd but vain fatigue.
4. Her. (See quot.)
1882Cussans Her. 130 Sustained: Usually applied to a Chief or Fess, when a narrow fillet or fimbriation occupies the base of the Charge. This term is seldom used in modern Armory, nor..is it necessary.
Hence suˈstainedly adv., in a sustained manner.
1842E. FitzGerald Lett. (1889) I. 219, I think Beethoven is rather spasmodically, than sustainedly, grand. 1857Spencer Ess. (1858) I. 376 More consistently, more unitedly, and more sustainedly. |