| 释义 |
▪ I. junction, n.|ˈdʒʌŋkʃən|
[ad. L. junctiōn-em, n. of action f. jungĕre to join: cf. F. jonction.]
1. The action of joining or fact of being joined; union, combination.
a. physical, of material things, bodies of men, etc.
1711Addison Spect. No. 165 ⁋5 Upon the Junction of the French and Bavarian Armies. 1789Jefferson Writ. (1859) III. 92 The latter effected a junction soon after with another part of their fleet. 1840Thirlwall Greece liii. VII. 27 The stream formed by the junction of the Hyphasis..with the Hesudrus. 1846Penny Cycl. 1st Suppl. II. 669/2 Wherever..the junction of different railways renders such distinction necessary. 1898J. T. Fowler Durham Cathedr. 51 The junction of the Nine Altars (eastern transept) with the Norman choir has been effected in a most skilful manner.
b. of abstract things, or of persons in reference to action, interest, etc.: Association, coalition.
1783Blair Rhet. xlv, A very unseasonable junction of gallantry, with the high sentiments and public-spirited passions which predominate in other parts [of the play]. 1792Jefferson Writ. (1859) III. 459 The public interest certainly called for his junction with Mr. Short. 1873M. Arnold Lit. & Dogma (1876) 187 The junction of a talent for abstruse reasoning with much literary inexperience.
c. Grammar. In Jespersen's terminology, a group of words consisting of a primary word and an adjunct (adjunct n. 5 b).
1924O. Jespersen Philos. Gram. vii. 97 If..we compare the combination a furiously barking dog..with the dog barks furiously..there is a fundamental difference between them, which calls for separate terms for the two kinds of combination: we shall call the former kind junction, and the latter nexus. Ibid. viii. 115 In a junction a secondary element (an adjunct) is joined to a primary word as a label or distinguishing mark. 1935Jrnl. Eng. & Germ. Philol. XXXIV. 415 Two entirely different classifications are involved: (1) an assignment of importance within the frame of a sentence..(2) a scrutiny of subordination within a group (‘junction’). 1966M. Pei Gloss. Ling. Terminol. 136 Junction, a grammatical unit formed by qualified and qualifying terms (the red barn).
2. a. The point or place at which two things join or are joined; a joint, meeting-place; spec. the place or station on a railway where lines meet and unite; often in proper names, as Clapham Junction, Didcot Junction, Carstairs Junction.
1841Penny Cycl. XIX. 258/1 A crossing on a railway with two tracks, switches being placed at both junctions. 1846Ibid. 1st Suppl. II. 669/1 The engine-driver of every train, on approaching the junction indicates by..a signal light in what direction he wishes to proceed. 1860W. Collins Wom. White xiii. (1861) 75 Situated in a solitary sheltered spot, inland at the junction of two hills. 1876The World No. 116. 10 They can only book to the junction. 1899Daily News 14 Sept. 7/5 Worting Junction is what is known as a ‘flying junction’, that is, the up Bournemouth line is carried on a bridge over the West of England tracks, and then trails down on the Basingstoke side.
b. Electronics. A transition zone in a semiconductor between two regions of different conductivity type (usually n-type and p-type).
1949W. Shockley in Bell Syst. Techn. Jrnl. XXVIII. 435 Silicon and germanium may be either n-type or p-type semiconductors... If, in a single sample, there is a transition from one type to the other, a rectifying photosensitive p-n junction is formed. Ibid. 436 We shall use the word junction to include all the material near the transition region in which significant contributions to the rectification process occur. 1959R. A. Smith Semiconductors xii. 444 p-n junctions are generally much more stable mechanically than fine metal point contacts and the modern tendency is to use them whenever possible. 1962Simpson & Richards Physical Princ. Junction Transistors iii. 43 If the change from n+-type to n-type is sufficiently gradual, electrons diffusing from the n+-type material will recombine with holes before reaching the n-type material and the n+-n junction will be non-rectifying. 1965Burford & Verner Semiconductor Junctions & Devices vii. 91 All junctions in semiconductors are inherently rectifying. To make such a p-n junction into an operable rectifier, we merely attach leads to the p and n regions and protect the active element..by suitable encapsulation.
3. (In full, junction canal, j. line, j. railway.) A canal or railway forming a connexion between two other lines or with a centre of commerce.
Chiefly in proper names of canals and railways (now rare), as Lancaster and Preston Junction, Grand Junction, Midland and South Western Junction Railway, etc., Grand Junction Canal, etc.
1796G. M. Woodward Eccent. Excurs. (1807) 161 Leicester has been much afflicted with the Junction Mania or Canal Madness. 1839Encycl. Brit. (ed. 7) XIX. 17/1 On the Grand Junction railway, for 6 months, it [the ratio of revenue to profit] is 1:·48. 1841Ibid. XXI. 782/2 These canals are the Birmingham Old Canal..and, above all, the Grand Junction. 1841Penny Cycl. XIX. 257/1 The station of the Brandling Junction railway at Gateshead.
4. attrib. and Comb., as junction canal, junction line, junction railway (see 3); junction-box, junction-point, junction-rail, junction-signal, junction-socket; also junction-box, a closed, rigid box or casing used to enclose and protect the junctions of electric wires or cables; junction diode Electronics, a diode consisting essentially of a piece of semiconductor containing a rectifying p-n junction; junction-inkstand (see quot. 1851); junction-plate, ‘a break-joint plate riveted over the edges of boiler-plates, which make a butt-joint’ (Knight Dict. Mech. 1875); junction rectifier Electronics = junction diode; junction transistor Electronics, a transistor consisting essentially of a piece of semiconductor containing two (or more) junctions that divide it into three (or more) regions.
1885E. S. Farrow Mil. Encycl. II. 147/1 In submarine mining, when it is necessary to employ a multiple cable, a *junction-box is used to facilitate the connection of the several separate wires diverging from the extremities of such a cable. 1934Archit. Rev. LXXV. 141/3 Junction boxes are arranged at close intervals all over the floor before the blocks or floorboards are put down. 1958M. Dickens Man Overboard ii. 28 He tripped over a large metal junction-box, where several thick cables met in a writhing tangle. 1972Police Rev. 10 Nov. 1453/3 A security van..crashes into an electric junction box at the side of the road.
1952Proc. IRE XL. 1348/1 This paper describes..a new type of silicon diode, namely, the p-n *junction diode prepared by alloying. 1970J. Earl Tuners & Amplifiers ii. 28 Very few tuners are now being made with valves. The vast majority employ semiconductor devices, and of these many use transistors and junction diodes, but the trend is also towards the use of ICs.
1851Illustr. Catal. Gt. Exhib. 634 *Junction inkstand, containing black and red ink in one vessel.
1839Ure Dict. Arts, etc. 96 (Beer) ll, *junction-pieces to connect the pipes rr with the kiln.
1951Physical Rev. LXXXI. 475/1 The holes move mainly under the influence of diffusion in a manner similar to that discussed in connection with carriers injected across the junction in a p-n *junction rectifier. 1962Simpson & Richards Physical Princ. Junction Transistors iii. 35 While it is possible to produce junction rectifiers and transistors from many different semiconductors, the devices in successful commercial production are..made from either germanium or silicon.
1889G. Findlay Eng. Railway 83 *Junction signals are not in any cases to be placed on the same post one above another.
1881Young Every man his own Mechanic §1101 Lateral drains..entering the main drain and connected with it by *junction-sockets and elbow-joints.
1949W. Shockley in Bell Syst. Techn. Jrnl. XXVIII. 435 (heading) The theory of p-n junctions in semiconductors and p-n *junction transistors. 1959R. A. Smith Semiconductors xii. 449 The first type of transistor to be used was the point-contact transistor, but this has been almost entirely replaced by the junction transistor. 1962Simpson & Richards Physical Princ. Junction Transistors i. 1 The extraordinary technological growth that has taken place since that time [sc. 1948] has established the junction transistor as a device of major engineering and economic importance.
Hence ˈjunctional a., pertaining to a junction.
1875O. P. Cambridge in Encycl. Brit. II. 289/1 (Arachnida) Showing the..soldered up, junctional lines of the caput and thorax, and thoracic segments.
▪ II. junction, v.|ˈdʒʌŋkʃən|
[f. the n.]
intr. To form a junction; to join with or on to.
1904Electrical Investments IV. 771/2 Railway companies whose lines junctioned with each other did not always give either the passenger or goods traffic the advantages that the physical junctions rendered possible. 1909R. A. Wason Happy Hawkins xxvii, Deuced if I ever could see where your trail could have junctioned onto the Clarenden family. 1936I. L. Idriess Cattle King xii. 105 This line..gradually draws in towards the Diamantina until it junctions with it here, just above the South Australian border. 1959Tararua XIII. 47 New Zealanders and Australians occasionally use the verb junction with of rivers, though why this is necessary when there is the verb join is hard to day. |