| 释义 |
jugular, a. and n.|ˈdʒʌgjʊlə(r), ˈdʒuːgjʊlə(r)|
[ad. med. or mod.L. jugulār-is, f. L. jugul-um collar-bone, neck, throat: see -ar.]
A. adj.
1. Anat. Of, pertaining to, or situated in the neck or throat; esp. an epithet of the great veins of the neck, as the external jugular vein, which conveys the blood from the superficial parts of the head, and the internal jugular vein, which conveys it from the inside of the skull.
1597A. M. tr. Guillemeau's Fr. Chirurg. xij b/2 The Iugulare or organicke vayne. 1643J. Steer tr. Exp. Chyrurg. xiii. 52 Apply Leeches..unto the jugular veynes in the necke. 1655Stanley Hist. Philos. iii. (1701) 95/2 A Physiognomist..said he was stupid, because there were obstructions in his jugular parts. 1767Gooch Treat. Wounds I. 335 Neither of the carotid arteries, or internal jugular veins were opened. 1831R. Knox Cloquet's Anat. 51 Behind this, is a square eminence, covered with cartilage, which is articulated to the temporal bone, and is named the Jugular process. 1855Holden Hum. Osteol. (1878) 58 Immediately external to the condyles, the bone forms on each side a projection, termed the jugular eminence.
2. Ichthyol. Of a fish: Having the ventral fins situated in front of the pectoral, i.e. in the region of the throat; said also of a ventral fin so situated.
1766Pennant Zool. (1769) III. 31, I have copied the great sections of the Bony Fish into Apodal, Jugular [etc.]. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1862) II. iii. i. 294 The ventral fins placed more forward than the pectoral fins, as in the haddock, and then the animal is a Jugular-fish. 1875Blake Zool. 185 In some fishes their relative position is in front of the pectorals, when they obtain technically the name of jugular fins.
B. n.
1. Anat. Short for jugular vein.
1615Crooke Body of Man 435 Veines from the outward braunch of the external iugulars. 1707Floyer Physic. Pulse-Watch 23, I cut the Jugular of a Dog. 1873Mivart Elem. Anat. x. 422 A great trunk, the innominate, is formed by the union of the two jugulars and the subclavian.
2. Ichthyol. A jugular fish: see A. 2.
1835Kirby Hab. & Inst. Anim. I. ii. 110 The tribe of Jugulars..whose ventral fins are nearer the mouth than the pectoral. |