| 释义 |
proletaire|prəʊlɪˈtɛə(r), prɒl-|
Also as Fr. prolétaire.
[a. F. prolétaire (prɔletɛr), 1748 in Hatz.-Darm. (Montesquieu, of ancient Romans, Rousseau in mod. sense), ad. L. prōlētāri-us a Roman citizen of the lowest class under the Servian constitution, one who served the state not with his property but only with his offspring; also adj. low, common; f. prōl-ēs, -em offspring. The derivatives imply an orig. stem prōlēt-.]
= proletarian n.; one of the proletariat: a. in sense 2 a; b. Pol. Econ., in sense 2 b.
a.1820Edin. Rev. Aug. 28 A Despot is thus the natural representative of the proletaires. 1834Tait's Mag. I. 222/1 The movement at Lyons was a Republican movement... It was not made by boys, or apprentices, or proletaires. 1859Kingsley Misc., Mad World I. 127 It [House of Commons] is not chosen by educated men, any more than it is by proletaires.
b.1833J. S. Mill Let. 2 Feb. in Wks. (1963) XII. 140 Those of the St. Simonians who retain their connection with the Pere Suprême and with each other, have made themselves prolètaires. 1853F. Bastiat Ess. Pol. Econ. 46 It creates and makes to clash two opposite interests—that of the capitalists and that of the prolétaires. 1890G. B. Shaw in Fabian Ess. in Socialism 64 Ferdinand Lassalle said: ‘Society consists of ninety-six proletaires and four capitalists. That is your State.’ But in Lancashire there was neither capitalist nor proletaire.
fig.1876Huxley Sci. Memoirs (1902) iv. 152 The plant is the ideal prolétaire of the living world, the worker who produces. |