| 释义 |
▪ I. rein, n.1|reɪn|
Forms: 4–5 rene, 5 reene, ren, 5–6 rean(e; 4–7 reyn(e, rayne, rain(e, 7–8 reign, 6–7 reine, 6– rein; 5–6 Sc. renȝe, rengȝe.
[a. OF. rene (mod.F. rêne), regne, raigne, rainne, etc., earlier resne and (AF.) redne, usually regarded as repr. a Common Romanic *ˈretina, f. L. retinēre to retain, whence also It. redina, -ine (Sicil. retina), Pg. redea, Sp. rienda, Prov. and Catal. regna; but the divergences in the forms have not been satisfactorily explained, and the correctness of the etym., for OF. at least, is doubtful (see Körting, under resinum and retina).]
1. a. A long narrow strap or thong of leather, attached to the bridle or bit on each side of the head, by which a horse or other animal is controlled and guided by the rider or driver; any similar device used for the same purpose. (The pl. has freq. the same sense as the sing., the two halves being thought of separately.)
For such combs. as bearing-, bridle-, check-, coupling-, curb-, gag-rein, etc., see the first element. false rein, ‘a lath of leather, passed sometimes through the arch of the banquet to bend the horse's neck’ (Chambers Cycl. 1727–38).
13..K. Alis. 786 Faste he sat, and huld the reyne. 1375Barbour Bruce ii. 415 Schir Philip the Mowbray..Raid till him..And hynt hys rengȝe. c1400Destr. Troy 6417 His horse in his hond held by the reyne. c1450Merlin 407 He hilde the reyne of his bridill in his lefte arme. c1500Lancelot 2828 Who may he be, ȝhone knycht, So still that hovith and sterith not his Ren? 1592Shakes. Ven. & Ad. 264 The strong-neckt steed, being tied vnto a tree, Breaketh his raine. 1618M. Baret Horsemanship i. Pref. 2 If they rightly consider the stayd seating of the Horses body, and also the true placing of his head, with the easie cariage of his reine. 1782Cowper Gilpin 88 That trot became a gallop soon, In spite of curb and rein. 1805Scott Last Minstr. ii. xxxiv, The Dwarf the stirrup held and rein. 1856‘Stonehenge’ Brit. Rural Sports 395/1 For those who ride with a loose rein the snaffle is quite sufficient.
pl.13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 457 With a runisch rout þe raynez he tornez. c1384Chaucer H. Fame ii. 443 He..lat the reynes gon Of his hors. c1450Merlin 493 The horse all quyk with-oute maister her reynes trailinge with the strem. 1484Caxton Ordre of Chyualry 66 To an horse is gyuen a brydel and the raynes of the brydel ben gyuen in the hondes of the knyght. 1565–6Blundevil Art of Riding x. 7 When to vse false Reanes, and when to leaue them. 1598R. Barckley Felic. Man (1631) 177, I have sent thee a paire of reines of Scythia. 1664Butler Hud. ii. ii. 839 Quitting both their Swords and reigns They grasp'd with all their strength the manes. 1785G. Forster tr. Sparrman's Voy. Cape G. Hope I. 53 In this Country they never use reins to their Oxen. 1817Shelley Rev. Islam vi. xxi, ‘Away! away!’ she cried, and stretched her sword,..And lightly shook the reins. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 50 If you want to mount one of your father's chariots, and take the reins at a race.
transf.1660Marquis of Worcester Exact Def. 15 A Helm or Stem with Bitt and Reins, wherewith any Child may guide, order, and controul the whole Operation [of an engine].
b. to give (a horse) the rein(s), to allow (it) free motion (cf. 2 b). to draw rein, to bring one's horse to a stand; to stop riding.
1621Bp. Hall Heaven upon Earth §8 Give a free horse the full reins, and he will soon tire. 1834James J. Marston Hall x, We never drew a rein for twenty miles. 1838Lytton Leila v. i, He spoke, and gave the rein to his barb. 1889Doyle Micah Clarke xii, We gave rein to our horses.
2. fig.
a. Any means of guiding, controlling, or governing; a curb, check, or restraint of any kind. In later use freq. in the reins of government (cf. F. les rênes du gouvernement).
c1430Lydg Reas. & Sens. 2263, I am guyed by hir reyne, And she as lady souereyne [etc.]. c1440J. Capgrave Life St. Kath. v. 1467 What, art thou, dame, led on that rene? Thi witte counte I not worth a beene. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 134 God..hath not permitted him to have the reignes at libertie. 1596Drayton Legends ii. 119 This held the reines which overrul'd his will. 1638Junius Paint. Ancients 55 Both doe hold the raines of our hearts, leading and guiding our Passions. 1667Milton P.L. xi. 582 The Men, though grave, ey'd them, and let thir eyes Rove without rein. 1712Pope Spect. No. 408 ⁋6 Never too strong for the Reins of Reason and the Guidance of Judgment. 1777Watson Philip II, xiv. (1793) II. 177 The council of state assumed the reins of government. 1827Hallam Const. Hist. (1876) III. xvi. 235 Anne herself..kept in her own hands the reins of power. 1879Froude Cæsar v. 44 The Senate had dropped the reins, and no longer governed or misgoverned.
b. In various phrases, esp. to give (the) rein(s) to, to allow full course or scope to.
1568Grafton Chron. II. 927 A larger reyne of mischiefe geuen to the vulgare people. 1588Shakes. L.L.L. v. ii. 663 Reine thy tongue. Lon. I must rather giue it the reine. 1607R. C[arew] tr. Estienne's World of Wonders 58 Youth is set at libertie, and haue the reine laid in their neckes to runne at randon. 1611Shakes. Wint. T. ii. iii. 51 When she will take the raine, I let her run. 1638Junius Paint. Ancients 226 Wee must rather give our Invention the full raines. 1667Milton P.L. x. 674 Som say the Sun Was bid turn Reines from th' Equinoctial Rode..Up to the Tropic Crab. 1711‘J. Distaff’ Char. Don Sacheverellio 9 You will find our Knight..give the Reigns to his Imagination. 1761Gray F. Sisters 33 We the reins to Slaughter give. 1807Opie Lect. on Art iv. (1848) 332 No man ever more completely laid the reins on the neck of his inclinations. 1865M. Arnold Ess. Crit. ii. (1875) 82 To give it that degree of prominence is to throw the reins to one's whim. 1885–94R. Bridges Eros & Psyche Nov. xxi, ‘And yet’, thus gave she rein to jeer and gibe.
3. transf. The handles of a blacksmith's tongs.
1843Holtzapffel Turning I. 200 Flat-bit tongs..are..always parallel; and a ring or coupler, is put upon the handles or reins, to maintain the grip upon the work.
4. attrib., as rein-knot, rein-ring, rein-rope; rein-arm, -hand, that by which the reins are held in driving (also fig.); rein-orchis, an orchis of the genus Habenaria, the Fringed Orchis.
Also in names of mechanical devices attached to or connected with reins, as rein-holder, rein-hook, rein-slide, rein-snap (Knight Dict. Mech. 1875).
1843Ainsworth's Mag. IV. 436 Our well-fed ‘Phaeton’ pulled his team together.., dropped his rein-hand, [etc.]. 1844H. Stephens Bk. Farm II. 446 Two or three rein-ropes are useful, to fasten to the calf if necessary. 1882Floyer Unexpl. Baluchistan 60 The probability presents itself that said rein-knot will come out. 1886Pall Mall G. 2 Oct. 2/2 The surveyor..cannot have his rein hand or his whip hand pulled at, if he is to get over it successfully. 1891T. Hardy Tess viii, She clutched D'Urberville's rein-arm. 1955E. Pound Classic Anthol. iii. 188 A leathered front⁓board with tiger-fell And metal rein-rings as well. 1968J. Arnold Shell Bk. Country Crafts xxiii. 267 Attached to the hames are tug-hooks and rein-rings.
Add:[1.] c. pl. A harness with straps or a ‘leash’ attached, put on to a young child to prevent it from straying.
1922C. Barnett Common Sense in Nursery iv. 76 A safety chain is essential, especially if there is a toddler about who may be tempted to ‘push Baby along’;..the kind made like a child's reins is the most effective. 1948A. Cuthbert Housewife Baby Bk. x. 100/1 A pair of reins is useful when a toddler is being taken for a town walk and is likely to dash out into a dangerous road. 1954Mrs. S. Frankenburg Common Sense in Nursery (ed. 4) ix. 115 When he is walking in the street, reins are essential: he will like ‘being a horse’. 1966Olney Amsden & Sons Ltd. Price List 3 Baby harness..Kiddie Kare Reins 20/- Doz. 1977P. Leach Baby & Child v. 331 You will both be far more comfortable if you use reins.
▪ II. rein, n.2|reɪn|
Also 6 rhen, 6–7 reen.
[ad. Da. or Sw. ren, † reen, Norw. rein:—ON. hreinn: see reindeer. Hence also G. rein(er), renn, F. renne.]
The reindeer.
1555Eden Decades iv. (Arb.) 301 [In Laponia] they tame certeyne wild beastes which they caule Reen. Ibid. 331 Hartes..whiche in the Noruegians tounge are cauled Rhen. 1595J. Davis Hydrogr. Descr. Wks. (Hakl. Soc.) 219 The inhabitants..having the use of a kind of stag, by them called Reen, to drawe those their sleades. 1698A. Brand Embassy into China 49 Their Cabans or Hutts are generally made of the Skins of the Reens, or some other wild Beasts. 1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) IV. 305/1 They keep immense herds of reins. Ibid., The flesh of the rein is the most coveted part of their food. 1854A. Murray Geog. Distrib. Mammals (1866) 150 Some authorities think fossil Rein different from the living. 1896Blackw. Mag. July 91 The Lapps..are great enemies of the wild rein.
Comb.1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) IV. 305/1 In summer they [the reindeer] feed on several plants; but during winter on the rein-liverwort.
▪ III. rein
kidney: see reins.
▪ IV. rein, v.|reɪn|
Forms: 4, 6–7 rayne, 6–7 rain, 7 raign; 4 reine, 5–6 reyne, 8 reign, 6– rein; 5–6 rene, 6 Sc. renȝe.
[f. rein n.1 Cf. F. rêner, which may have existed in AF.]
†1. trans. To tie (a horse, or its head) to something by the rein; to tie up in this way. Obs.
13..Sir Beues (MS. A) 1699 He reinede his hors to a chesteine. c1435Torr. Portugal 149 He Reynyd hys sted vnto a stake. c1470Golagros & Gaw. 129 The knyght..Reynit his palfray of pryde, Quhen he ves lightit doune. 1564in Child-Marriages 101 The[y] light both; and ther horse was rayned in the midest of the Lane. 1592Shakes. Ven. & Ad. 14 Vouchsafe..to alight thy steed, And rain his proud head to the saddle bow.
2. To fit or furnish with a rein or reins.
1483Cath. Angl. 303/2 To Reyn [v.r. Rene], habenare. 1598Barret Theor. Warres 141 A strong bridle, double rayned, wherof one to be of wyer. 1717Pope Iliad v. 448 Beside him stood his lance,..And, rein'd with gold, his foaming steeds before. 1725― Odyss. vi. 86 Th' attending train The car prepare, the mules incessant rein. 1795Southey Lett. fr. Spain (1799) 30 The leaders and the middle pair are without reins, and the nearest [mules] reined only with ropes.
†b. transf. ? To fasten, make fast. Obs.—1
1549Compl. Scot. vi. 41 Than the master cryit, and bad renȝe ane bonet.
3. To check or stop, by pulling at the rein.
1530Palsgr. 678/2 As sone as we mette, he rayned his horse and talked with me a good while. 1622W. Yonge Diary (Camden) 48 The King reined his horse so hard that he came back upon him. a1713T. Ellwood Autobiog. (1765) 231 Reigning my Horse, to let hers go before me. 1810Scott Lady of L. ii. xix, Sudden his steed the leader rein'd. 1859Tennyson Enid 826 When Edyrn rein'd his charger at her side, She shrank a little.
b. fig. To put a check or restraint upon (something); to restrain from something.
1588Shakes. L.L.L. v. ii. 662 Sweet Lord Longauill reine thy tongue. 1606― Tr. & Cr. v. iii. 48 The venom'd vengeance ride vpon our swords,..reine them from ruth. 1727Gay Fables i. Introd., My tongue within my lips I rein. 1819Shelley Prometh. Unb. ii. ii. 80 They ride on them, and rein their headlong speed.
4. To govern, control, manage, or direct (also const. to), by means of reins. Now rare.
1590Spenser F.Q. i. iv. 9 Like Phœbus fayrest childe, That did presume his fathers fyrie wayne, And flaming mouthes of steedes..with weaker hand to rayne. c1611Chapman Iliad x. 341 The horse Pelides raignde, no mortall hand could vse But he himselfe. 1697Dryden æneid vii. 1069 His Son, the Second Virbius, retain'd His Fathers Art, and Warriour Steeds he rein'd. 1735Somerville Chase i. 108 To rein the Steed Swift-stretching o'er the Plain, to chear the Pack. 1821Scott Kenilw. xxx, A milk-white horse, which she reined with peculiar grace and dignity. 1861Catlin Life amongst Indians 96 We will rein our horses to them—don't be afraid.
b. fig. To rule, guide, or govern.
1581Sidney Apol. Poetrie (Arb.) 28 They..range onely rayned with learned discretion. c1614Sir W. Mure Dido & æneas i. 659 Lawes and statutes..Wherby good subjects easily are rain'd. 1663Cowley Verses & Ess. (1669) 88 Wild Ambition with imperious force Rides, rains, and spurs them like th' unruly Horse. 1801Southey Thalaba iv. xv, From place to place, As his will rein'd the viewless Element, He rode the Wind.
5. To pull up or back, to check and hold in, by means of the reins.
1552Huloet, Bridle or rein vp, fræno. 1591Percivall Sp. Dict., Arrendar, to rain vp a horse,..frænare. 1827Lytton Pelham x, I was reining in my horse. 1870Bryant Homer I. iii. 86 They reined their steeds back to the ranks.
fig.1594Hooker Eccl. Pol. iv. xi. §8 The cause why the Apostles did thus..was to rein them in by this mean the more. 1834Macaulay Ess., Pitt (1851) 299 The influence which had yoked together and reined in so many turbulent and ambitious spirits. 1891Tablet 7 Nov. 743 Principles cannot be reined up short of their logical term.
b. absol.
1796Instr. & Reg. Cavalry (1813) 65 When the Regiment or Line wheels into open Column, either by reining back or by wheeling back. 1809J. Moore Campaign in Spain 173 The Colonel judiciously reined-in to refresh the horses. 1814Scott Ld. of Isles vi. xviii, Rein up; our presence would impair The fame we come too late to share. 1832Prop. Reg. Instr. Cavalry ii. 20 At the word ‘March!’ the rear rank reins back. 1888W. D. Lighthall Young Seigneur 20 We reined in at last to a walk.
fig.1836Mrs. Sherwood Henry Milner iii. vi, None of your practical jokes here,..rein up, rein up, if you please.
c. To turn a horse by the reins. rare—1.
1897Rhoscomyl White Rose Arno 277 He had already reined to his right, across the mead.
6. U.S. To preserve or keep enclosed from stock. Also with up.
1799Washington Writ. (1893) XIV. 230 This field, after the rye has been eaten off by the sheep, is to be reined from stock of all kinds. Ibid. 231 The other part..is to be equally well enclosed, and reined up from stock.
7. intr. Of a horse:
a. To bear, or submit to, the rein; to carry itself in a specified manner when reined. Also fig.
1565–6Blundevil Horsemanship ii. (1580) 4 His long slender head..which maketh him to reine with the better grace. 1580Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 244 Youth neuer raineth wel, but when age holdeth the bridell. 1601Shakes. Twel. N. iii. iv. 358 Hee will beare you easily, and raines well. 1607Markham Caval. ii. (1617) 205 When your horse standeth in his best glory, and reyneth most comely and closest. 1814Scott Wav. xlvii, If he had had a wee bit rinnin ring on the snaffle, she wad ha' rein'd as cannily as a cadger's pownie.
b. To move back, go backwards, (as) under the influence of the rein. Also transf. of persons.
1627Lisander & Cal. ix. 182 Lisander..rained back a steppe or two. c1720Gibson in Compl. Farmer (1766) s.v. Pleurisy, Though in the beginning he makes many motions to lie down, yet afterwards he reins back as far as his collar will permit. 1833Reg. Instr. Cavalry i. 73 The horse must be tried to rein back.
▪ V. rein
obs. form of rain, reign. |