| 释义 |
jalap, n.|ˈdʒæləp, ˈdʒɒləp|
Also 7–8 jallap, jallop, jollop.
[= F. jalap, ad. Sp. jalapa, in full purga de Jalapa, from Jalapa formerly Xalapa, a city of Mexico, in Aztec Xalapan (pronounced ʃaˈlaːpan), lit. ‘sand by the water’ f. xalli sand + atl water + pan upon. (Skeat in Trans. Philol. Soc. 1889.) Aztec names in -an, with accent on penult, uniformly lost the n in Spanish.]
1. A purgative drug obtained from the tuberous roots of Exogonium (Ipomœa) Purga and some other convolvulaceous plants; the active principle is the resin contained in the tubers (resin of jalap).
1675Grew Disc. Tastes v. §6 Jalap hath a special property of irritating the Glandulous Parts of the Mouth, and Throat. 1681tr. Willis' Rem. Med. Wks. Vocab., Jalap, a purging drug. 1782Wolcott (P. Pindar) Odes to R.A.'s iii. Wks. 1812 I. 19 The Lad, who would a Pothecary shine, Should powder claws of crabs, and jalap, fine. 1866Treas. Bot. 626/1 Although the best jalap is obtained from Exogonium purga, yet many species of Ipomæa supply it, though of an inferior quality. 1880J. W. Legg Bile 175 Next to Colocynth as a cholagogue Röhrig sets jalap.
2. The Mexican climbing plant Exogonium Purga, with salver-shaped purplish flowers; also applied to some allied plants yielding a similar drug.
false or garden j., Mirabilis Jalapa; E. Indian j., Ipomæa Turpethum; male j., jalap tops, I. orizabensis (I. batatoides); Mechoacan j., I. Jalapa; wild j., Convolvulus panduratus. (Miller Plant-n.)
1698G. Thomas Pensilvania 19 Poke-Root, called in England Jallop. 1725Bradley Fam. Dict., Night-shade, a Plant which the Learned Father Plumier..calls Jalap. 1809Med. Jrnl. XXI. 394 Houstoun..had travelled into that part of Spanish America where jalap grows spontaneously. 1860Tylor Anahuac xii. 317 In the neighbouring forests grows the ‘purga de Jalapa’, which we have shortened into jalap. 1876Harley Mat. Med. (ed. 6) 501 Jalap is now grown in the open air in botanical gardens in the south of England, and on the continent.
3. attrib., as jalap plant, jalap root, jalap tuber; jalap-stalks, jalap-wood (see quot. 1865–72).
1811A. T. Thomson Lond. Disp. (1818) 626 Macerate the jalap root in the spirit for four days. 1865–72Watts Dict. Chem. III. 436 Spurious, woody or fusiform jalap, jalap-wood, or jalap-stalks,..the root of Convolvulus orizabensis, is sometimes mixed with genuine jalap. 1866Treas. Bot. 484/1 E[xogonium] Purga..furnishes the true Jalap tubers of commerce.
Hence jalap v. trans., to dose or purge with jalap.
1768Foote Devil on 2 Sticks iii. Wks. 1799 II. 277 Yesterday..we bled the west ward, and jalloped the north. 1854Surtees Handley Cross (1898) II. 275 Captain Doleful again had recourse to the jalaped Tent [wine]. |