| 释义 |
▪ I. Jacobin, n.1 and a.1|ˈdʒækəbɪn|
Also 4 -yn, 6 -yne, 6–9 -ine.
[a. F. Jacobin (orig. an adj., frère jacobin, 13th c. in Godef. Compl.), ad. med.L. Jacōbīnus, f. Jacōbus: see Jacob.]
A. n.
1. A friar of the order of St. Dominic; a Dominican. Also attrib. or as adj.
Originally applied to the French members of the order, from the church of Saint Jacques (S. Jacobus) which was given to them, and near which they built their first convent (Littré).
a1325Trental St. Gregory 12 in Anglia XIII. 303 To mynour ne to frere Austyn To caryne [read carme] ne to Jacobyn. c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 258 Frere Hugh of Malmcestre was a Jacobyn. c1400Rom. Rose 7458 Thow woldest..have sworne..That he, that whilome was so gaie, And of the daunce Iolly Robin, Was tho become a Iacobin. a1550Freiris Berwik 29 in Dunbar's Poems 286 Twa of the Jacobyne freiris. 1681Dryden Sp. Friar ii. ii, This jacobin, whom I have sent to, is her confessor. 1758Jortin Erasm. I. 135 They behold the Jacobins fighting for their Thomas. 1818A. Ranken Hist. France VI. i. 233 It was a soldier in disguise and not a jacobin monk. 1833Alison Europe (1847) II. vi. 184 The club Breton..established its sittings in the library of the Convent of the Jacobins, in the Rue St. Honoré, which gave its name, since become imperishable, to the club.
2. A member of a French political club or society established in 1789, at Paris, in the old convent of the Jacobins (sense 1), to maintain and propagate the principles of extreme democracy and absolute equality.
1790Burke Fr. Rev. 158 They have, it seems, found out in the academies of the Palais Royal, and the Jacobins, that certain men had no right to the possessions which they held. 1794J. Gifford Louis XVI 296 The new republican clubs, of which the Jacobins became the most noted. 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. III. vii. iv, Gone are the Jacobins; into invisibility; in a storm of laughter and howls.
b. transf. A sympathizer with the principles of the Jacobins of the French Revolution; an extreme radical in politics or social organization. About 1800, a nickname for any political reformer.
1793Burke Corr. (1844) IV. 200 With the Jacobins I shall keep no terms. 1812T. Amyot Life Windham in W.'s Speeches (1812) I. 29 Parties, which..were branded with the reproachful titles of ‘Alarmists’ and ‘Jacobins’. 1821–30Ld. Cockburn Mem. 81 Jacobins..soon became the common nickname..given, not only to those who had admired the dawn of the French liberation, but to those who were known to have any taste for any internal reform. 1888Mrs. H. Ward R. Elsmere 542 ‘Why am I here?’ the little Jacobin said to herself fiercely as she waltzed.
fig.1822Byron Juan vi. xiii, Consign'd To those sad hungry jacobins the worms, Who on the very loftiest kings have din'd.
B. adj.
a. Of or belonging to the Jacobins or Dominican friars.
b. Pertaining to the Jacobins of the French Revolution; hence, ultra-democratic.
1795Windham Sp. 27 Mar., The cry of peace proceeded from the Jacobin party in this country. 1806Fessenden Democr. I. 68 [They] swore to have the pure reality, Essence of Jacobin equality. 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. III. vii. iv, Billaud from the Jacobin tribune says, ‘The lion is not dead; he is only sleeping’. a1886J. Ker Lect. Hist. Preach. viii. (1888) 139 They..gave name to the famous Jacobin party in the French Revolution, because their sittings were held in the Jacobine or Dominican monastery.
Hence ˈJacobinly adv.
1848Craig, Jacobinly, after the manner of Jacobins.
▪ II. † ˈJacobin, n.2 and a.2 Obs.
Also 6 -yn, 7 -ine.
[= OF. Jacobin, ad. med.L. Jacōbīnus, f. Jacōbus: see Jacobite1.]
a. n. A member of a Monophysite sect in Syria, Mesopotamia, etc.; = Jacobite n.1
b. adj. Of or pertaining to this sect.
1517R. Torkington Pilgr. (1884) 24 Ther com to vs Jacobyns and other feynyd Cristen Peple. 1653Baxter Chr. Concord 40 Of all which (with the other smaller parties, as the Copties, the Jacobines, &c.) it is hard to say which are the more ignorant. 1727A. Hamilton New Acc. E. Ind. I. iv. 35 Its present Possessors are Nestorian and Jacobin Monks. 1768Hume Ess. & Treat. (1809) II. 430 The Jacobins denied the immaculate conception. |