| 释义 |
▪ I. watering, vbl. n.|ˈwɔːtərɪŋ|
[f. water v. + -ing1.]
I. The action of the verb water.
†1. The action of carrying water. Obs.
c1000ælfric Hom. II. 222 Þæt Israhela folc ᵹeðafode þæt sume ða hæðenan on heora ðeowte leofodon, to wudunge and to wæterunge on ðam widᵹillan lande. a1300[see watering vessel in 21].
2. The action (or an act) of pouring or sprinkling water on plants, crops, or the soil.
c1000ælfric Hom. I. 304 Syððan hi [sc. ða wyrta] growende beoð he ᵹeswycð þære wæterunge. c1425Found. St. Bartholomew's ii. Prol. ii. (1886) 79 As it were a plante what yt is wele y rotyd, the ofte wateryng of hym cesith. c1440Pallad. on Husb. iv. 140 And yeue hem [the plants] in the hete a watteringe. 1573–80Tusser Husb. (1878) 101 Now set doo aske watering with pot or with dish. 1786Abercrombie Gard. Assist. 63 Light waterings when the earth is dry. 1858Glenny Gard. Every-day Bk. 166/2 Indiscriminate watering would ruin half the plants.
fig.a1633G. Herbert Outlandish Prov. (1640) 581 Folly growes without watering.
3. The action (or an act) of soaking or steeping in water or of impregnating with a liquor.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvii. xcv. (1495) 662 Some legumina..ben made swete and sauouri wyth good watryng. 1557Hakluyt Voy. (1599) I. 298 [An overseer] to foresee that neither the yarne be burnt in tarring, nor the hempe rotted in the watering. 1699T. Allison Voy. Archangel 30, I caused the Fish that hung overboard for watering, to be hauled in. Ibid. 49 The night past we lost 13 pieces of Beef, as they hung a watering. 1827H. Steuart Planter's Guide (1828) 499 The liquid is to be drawn off in stablepails, and poured leisurely over the heap. As soon as it has..got two complete waterings, it is to be turned and thoroughly mixed.
4. An inundation, flooding, or irrigation.
1594R. Ashley tr. Loys le Roy 36 b, And much profitable to those which dwell neere it, by the waterings and other commodities which they receiue of it. 1604E. G[rimstone] D'Acosta's Hist. Indies iii. xxii. 187 (bis) The which doth grow in very hote vallies, where there are waterings. 1799A. Young Agric. Lincoln 276 The river..has on its banks a range of low ground, highly capable of watering at a very small expence; but not one acre done.
5. The application of water to a road, etc. in order to lay the dust.
1673Humours Town 120 All the Wat'ring scarce being able to lay the Dust the Horses and Coaches raise. 1885Law Rep. 14 Q.B.D. 891 The defendants employed inspectors to superintend the watering of their streets.
6. a. The action of giving drinking-water to cattle, horses, etc.; also, the action (of an animal) of going to the water to drink.
c1440Promp. Parv. 518/1 Watrynge, or ȝevynge drynke to beestys, adaquacio. 1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. iii. 120 It is good also to obserue due times for his feeding, his watering, and his trauayle. 1611Bible Luke xiii. 15 Doeth not each one of you on the Sabbath loose his oxe or his asse from the stall, and leade him away to watering? 1697Dryden æneis xi. 747 Thus..The wanton Courser..seeks his wat'ring in the well known Flood, To quench his Thirst. 1859Geo. Eliot A. Bede xx, The horses were being led out to watering. 1908Animal Management (War Office) 277 Somali camels..are accustomed to go several days without watering.
†b. transf. (A person's) act of drinking. Obs.
1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, ii. iv. 17 When you breath in your watering, then they [sc. ale-drawers] cry hem, and bid you play it off.
†c. A light refreshment between meals. Obs.
a1625Fletcher Elder Bro. i. ii, He..dines with Tully, takes his watering with the Muses, sups with Livy.
7. Scots Law. (See quot.)
1681Stair Inst. Law Scot. i. xvii. §11. 345 Watering is a Servitude of taking water, proper to one Ground for the use of another, whether it be for the Cattel of the dominant Ground, which is most ordinary, or for other uses thereof.
8. The action of procuring fresh water for a ship.
1613J. Saris Voy. Japan (Hakl. Soc.) 68 The 29th we made an ende of watring, hauing taken in 36 Tonnes, and good store of Wood. 1745P. Thomas Jrnl. Anson's Voy. 9 Building a Tent, to shelter the People who were to be employ'd in Watering. 1914Blackw. Mag. Apr. 493/1 On Friday 11th, his watering completed.., Herbert was out again and cruising..along the north coast of Jamaica.
9. The action or process of giving a ‘watered’ appearance to the surface of a material. Cf. 20.
1665Hooke Microgr. 9 The surfaces of those threads that run the long way, are by the Mechanical process of watering, creas'd or angled in another kind of posture then they were by the weaving. 1823J. Badcock Dom. Amusem. 140 Moiré Watering, by other Methods. 1839Ure Dict. Arts 1280 Watering of stuffs (Moirage, Fr.); is a process to which silk and other textile fabrics are subjected. 1841H. Wilkinson Engines of War 200 The Jowher, or watering, of the genuine Damascus blades, I conceive to have been originally produced by two principal causes: first, [etc.]. 1859Abridg. Specif. Patents Paper etc. ii. 23 Fabrics..for ornamenting walls. An effect called ‘watering’ may be produced by pressing and ‘bruising’ two thicknesses..together between heated rollers. 1887F. Pollock in Encycl. Brit. XXII. 803/2 The ‘damascening’ and ‘watering’ of choice Persian and Indian arms.
10. Dilution with water.
1888Pall Mall Gaz. 16 July 12/1 Indian and Ceylon teas..are stronger and stand more watering. 1892J. M. Walsh Tea 133 In the milk business the most prevalent Sophistications are watering and skimming. 1896Conan Doyle Rodney Stone v, Six drops to the half-pint seems a sinful watering of grog.
fig.1889Spectator 14 Dec. 848 But is not a great deal of that broadening [of their faith] a watering down of the authority of Christianity to pure humanism?
11. Dilution of the capital of a trading company.
1884Christian World 13 Mar. 193/5 Nor has the management ever been charged with any watering of stock. 1893Nation (N.Y.) 27 Apr. 307/3 While doubling the partnership value is legitimate, doubling the shares of a corporation without payment for them is ‘watering’.
12. The action of ‘taking the waters’.
1765G. Williams in Jesse Selwyn & Contemp. (1843) I. 403, I shall have completed my watering [at Brighthelmstone] by the Sunday following.
13. Running (of the eyes); † filling with tears.
c1400Destr. Troy 2167 Thus carpes the kyng to his clene childur, With weping and wo, wateryng of ene, Sobbyng and sikyng. 1585Higins Junius' Nomencl. 428/1 Delachrymatio,..the watering of the eyes. 1608Topsell Serpents 274 A droppe of two thereof dropped into the eyes, cureth the dropping or watering of them. 1684J. S. Profit & Pleas. United 22 If your Cattel are trobld with a Feavour or Ague, you shall discover it by the watering of their eyes. 1879St. George's Hosp. Rep. IX. 483 There was some watering of and photophobia in the left [eye].
14. Salivation of the teeth, mouth, or ‘chops’, induced by the thought or anticipation of appetizing food.
1601Holland Pliny xii. i. I. 357 He..brought over with him drie Figs and Raisons: the first fruits also as it were of Oile and Wine for a tast, to set their teeth a watering. 1692R. L'Estrange Fables xiii. 13 A Certain Fox spy'd out a Raven upon a Tree with a Morsel in his mouth, that set his Chops a watering. 1708Brit. Apollo No. 26. 3/1 Which..will..keep your hungry Chops from Wat'ring. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. III. 283 A form of salivation, which in its exaggeration resembles ‘the watering of the chops’ of a healthy appetite, is..‘water brash’.
fig.1690Dryden Amphitryon i. ii, You keep such a billing and colling here, to set ones Mouth a watring. 1691Locke Money Wks. 1727 II. 37 Those who contend for four per Cent. have found out a way to set Mens Mouths a watering for Money at that rate.
II. Concrete senses.
†15.
a. A place where horses and cattle are taken to drink. Chiefly as in b. Obs.
1578H. Wotton Courtlie Controv. 305 Saying he woulde neither eate nor drinke, but with the Gentleman his man, who scarcely had caried his horse so far as to the watering.
†b. St. Thomas (a, of) Watering(s: the name of a place two miles from London on the pilgrims' road to Canterbury, near to a brook at which horses were watered. Until the 17th c. it was the place of public executions for Surrey; hence often in allusive use (cf. Tyburn). Obs.
c1386Chaucer Prol. 826 And forth we riden, a litel moore than paas Vn to the wateryng of Seint Thomas. c1420Brut 380 And so þe King and his prysoners passyd forth by ham, til he come vnto Seint Thomas watryng. 1532[G. Walker] Dice Play (Vele) D v b, You thinke they come home by Tiburne, or S. Thomas of Watrings, and so they do in dede. 1561New Enterl. Q. Hester 542, I pray god they may spede, Euen as honestly, As he that from stelyng, goth to sent thomas watryng in his yong age. 1615J. Taylor (Water P.) Cast over Water Wks. (1630) ii. 162/1 He at S. Thomas Wat'rings may goe swing. 1630B. Jonson New Inn i. iii, To which, if he apply him, He may..come to read a lecture Vpon Aquinas at S. Thomas a Waterings, And so goe forth a Laureat in hempe circle!
†c. Supply of water for cattle. Obs. rare.
1773Boston Gaz. 5 Apr. 4/2 Said Farm..contains near Ninety Acres of Land which abounds with excellent Watering, Pasturing, Mowing, [etc.].
†16. A well, spring, or other place where water is obtained for domestic use. Obs.
1600Fairfax Tasso i. lxxxix, Cedron, Bethsaida, and each watring els Empoison'd he, both fountains, springs and wels. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage ii. xiv. 159 Their washing is with great scrupulosity, in a common watering or in priuate cesternes, or fountaines.
†17. A place where vessels obtain a supply of fresh water. Obs.
1582N. Lichefield tr. Castanheda's Conq. E. Ind. i. iii. 8 The Captaine Generall..came to the Watering of Saynt Blaze, which is three score leagues beyonde the Cape. 1682Lond. Gaz. No. 1756/1 The best Water, and the most commodious Watering of any place upon this Coast.
†18. Water for irrigation. Obs.
1600Surflet Country Farm ii. liv. 380 But that such watering may be conueighed in best sort for their growth, it must be prouided and brought by some lowe conduct. 1707Curios. Husb. & Gard. 51 The Rain or other Waterings dissolve the Salts of the Earth.
19. A ditch for draining a marsh; ? the tract drained by such a ditch.
1790Phil. Trans. LXXX. 128 note, A manuscript map [of Romney Marsh]..where the names and boundaries of the waterings..are very distinctly expressed. 1877L. J. Jennings Field Paths i. 4 It is necessary to keep much to the right..for the ‘waterings’ are wide and numerous, and it is very easy to lose..time..on these marshes [of Winchelsea and Rye].
20. The wavy, variegated appearance given to silk, metal, etc. = moiré 2. Cf. 9.
1670G. H. Hist. Cardinals i. iii. 77 When others [Cardinals] had their Caps of Red, they had theirs of water'd Chamblet, and when others wore their Purple, theirs was without watering. 1825J. Nicholson Oper. Mech. 727 Metallic Watering, or for Blanc Moire. 1860Ure's Dict. Arts etc. (ed. 5) III. 195 The bold waterings..depend not only on the quality of the silk, but greatly on the way in which they are folded when subjected to the enormous pressure in watering.
III. 21. attrib. and Comb., as watering-bucket, watering-party, watering-pit, watering-pond, watering-pool, watering-tank, watering-time, watering-trough, watering tub, watering-vessel.
1875Knight Dict. Mech., *Watering-bucket. In the United States service the regulation bucket is made of solid leather.
1850R. G. Cumming Hunter's Life S. Afr. (1902) 98/1 When the natives had constructed a number of water-bags..a *watering party was despatched with these.
1591Percivall Sp. Dict., Abreuadero, a poole, a *watering pit.
1870N. F. Hele Aldeburgh vii. 76 Near the *watering pond I observed a hawk of this species.
1539MSS. Dk. Rutland (Hist. MSS. Comm.) IV. 294 The *wateryng powles in the parke. 1844H. Stephens Bk. Farm III. 833 The proper construction of a watering-pool is sadly misunderstood in this country.
1697Dryden Virg. Past. vii. 14 Your lowing Heyfars, of their own accord, At *wat'ring time will seek the neighb'ring Ford.
1611Bible Gen. xxx. 38 He set the rods..before the flockes in the gutters in the *watering troughes when the flocks came to drinke. 1908Animal Management (War Office) 129 Watering troughs should be of sufficient height to prevent restless animals pawing over the rim.
1790Act 31 Geo. III c. 17 §20 Provided always, That previous to any..*Watering Tub or Trough, Pump, Stall, or other Projection, being taken down,..Notice..shall be given.
a1300Cursor M. 15189 A man þar yow sal mete, A *watrin vescel in his hand.
22. Special comb.: watering-bridle, a bridle with a snaffle-bit, used chiefly when taking a horse to be watered; also attrib.; watering-call Mil. (see quot.); watering-can = watering-pot 1; † watering cap, a cavalryman's fatigue cap; watering-cart = water-cart n.; watering hole, (a) = water-hole 1 a; (b) slang, a place where refreshment (esp. alcohol) is available, as a bar, hotel, etc. (see also quot. 1972); † watering-house, an inn or public house where stage coachmen and hackney coachmen may obtain water for their horses and refreshment for themselves; † watering man = waterman 4; watering order Mil., the order in which cavalry are drawn up when going to water their horses; watering-pan = watering-pot; † watering saddle, a saddle used by cavalry when riding their horses to water; watering slip, a causeway sloping down into a river, for watering cattle, etc.; watering snaffle, cf. watering-bridle; watering stone, ? a water-trough or a fountain; † watering-table = water-table 1.
1502Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. II. 347 Item, for tua small *watering bridillis in Jedworth, ij s. 1680Lond. Gaz. No. 1583/4 A watering bridle and snaffle. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. 383/2 Watering bridle-bits or snaffles.
1853Stocqueler Mil. Encycl., *Watering-Call, a trumpet sounding, on which the cavalry assemble to water their horses.
1692Sir J. Foulis Acc. Bk. (S.H.S.) 147 For a whyt iron *watering kan to ye yard, 2 0 0. 1839Ure Dict. Arts etc. 1143 Introducing..the strong lye of crude soda, through the rose spout of a watering-can. 1851B'ham & Midl. Gardeners' Mag. May 70 As the plants now cover the tops of the pots,..there will be a greatly increased demand for the watering-can.
1836Southey Cowper's Wks. VII. 265 He was returning..from an evening drill of the regiment of volunteer cavalry,..being dressed accordingly in a flannel jacket, with a *watering cap.
1764Museum Rust. II. 73 A *watering-cart, not unlike those with which the roads near London are watered. 1919Glasgow Herald 21 Apr. 7 Watering carts, conducted by Indian soldiers, are also spraying the roads.
1882Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 146 Appoint a place for washing clothes clear of the *watering hole. 1972B. Rodgers Queens' Vernacular 209 Watering hole [spot] (Brit gay sl), neighborhood cruising locale, usually a park grounds or a bar. 1975Telegraph (Brisbane) 30 Oct. 35/5 The Jindalee Hotel..is a great watering hole. 1981J. Barnett Firing Squad viii. 77 ‘I always visit a watering hole on the way home... Cheers.’ Palmer took a slow drink. 1984Gainesville (Florida) Sun 30 Mar. 1d/5 In a simpler time, players and fans mingled at local watering holes, drinking beers together and becoming friends.
1801tr. Gabrielle's Mysterious Husb. II. 240 The numerous *watering-houses upon the Kentish road, where postillions and stage coachmen generally refresh their horses. 1836Dickens Sk. Boz, Streets—Night, Watermen..who have been..rushing about for the last two hours, retire to their watering-houses.
1815Sporting Mag. XLV. 185 The Inspectors are to see that all the *watering men wear their badges or numbers.
1892Daily News 28 Sept. 3/5 The regiment..quitted the Spital Barracks early in the morning in *watering order. 1904A. Griffiths 50 Yrs. Public Service x. 130 The hours for ‘watering order’, feeding, cleaning, exercising, and cleaning down.
1827H. Steuart Planter's Guide 316 Gardeners usually recommend, that all artificial waterings should be performed with the *Watering-pan, as more accurately imitating the genial rains.
1681Lond. Gaz. No. 1606/4 There was also taken away, a *watering Saddle.
1776G. Semple Building in Water 3 Coach, Coach-man and two Horses..were swept down to the *Watering-slip.
1624in Athenæum (1908) 16 May 605/1 For 2 *watering snaffles, iiis. iiiid.
1835–40J. M. Wilson's Tales Borders (1851) VII. 254 In my wanderings, I had entered King's Park by the eastern stile, at the *watering-stone.
1609in Lismore Papers Ser. ii. (1887) I. 132, xij stone lights with there *watering tables.
▪ II. watering, ppl. a.|ˈwɔːtərɪŋ|
[f. water v. + -ing2.]
That waters.
1. a. Of eyes: Discharging watery fluid; running.
a1400–50Stockh. Med. MS. 127 For wattirynge eyne. c1450M.E. Med. Bk. (Heinrich) 67 Take a rede cowle leef,..and ley hit in to þe watrynge eyen. 1551Turner Herbal i. A v b, Wormwode..heleth the watering sores in the corner of the eyes. 1849Lytton K. Arthur ii. lxxxii, ‘And now checkmate!’ the wretched sire exclaims, With watering eyes.
b. Of the teeth, mouth: Secreting saliva profusely in anticipation of appetizing food. Also fig.
1630J. Lane Contn. Squire's T. x. 542 But now to tell theire Daintie, roial, fare,..of march pane stuff, which wateringe teeth soone boordes [etc.]. 1789Wolcot (P. Pindar) Expost. Ode i. ii, Ye sharp State-mousers, with your watering jaws. 1848Dickens Dombey xlviii, Diogenes..had been eyeing his intended breakfast with a watering mouth. 1869C. Gibbon Robin Gray xi, Those who knew about James Falcon gave their watering mouths a wry twist.
2. In transitive sense: Irrigating.
1844Mrs. Browning Drama of Exile 553, I feel a music which comes straight from Heaven, As tender as a watering dew.
Hence ˈwateringly adv.
1621Lady M. Wroth Urania 364 No more able are wee to giue birth to so high desires, then to looke on the Sunne, without hauing..our eyes cast wateringly for presumptuous gazing. 1967P. White in Coast to Coast 1965–6 227 She..gasped, looking wateringly at the bundle. |