| 释义 |
involve, v.|ɪnˈvɒlv|
Also 4–8 en-.
[ad. L. involvĕre to roll into or upon, to wrap up, envelop, surround, entangle, make obscure, f. in- (in-2) + volvĕre to roll. Cf. OF. involver (1464 in Godef.).]
To enfold, envelop, entangle, include: predicated either of an agent or of a surrounding or enveloping substance or material.
1. trans. To roll or enwrap in anything that is wound round, or surrounds as a case or covering; to enfold, to envelop. Const. in, † with.
1482Monk of Evesham (Arb.) 37 Anone fro benethe..ther brake vppe a flame of fier that inuoluyd hem. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 259 The corporas..wherin his blessed body was inuolued or wrapped. 1553Eden Treat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 27 Inuoluinge with cereclothe, & pouderinge with spyces the body. 1650Bulwer Anthropomet. i. 1 The Heads of Infants..are involved in head-bands. a1677Hale Prim. Orig. Man. i. ii. 63 They lye more torpid, and inactive, and inevident,..like a spark involved in ashes. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1862) I. 159 Within this the embryo is still farther involved, in two membranes called the chorion and amnios. 1856Mrs. Browning Aur. Leigh iii. 179, I saw Fog only, the great tawny weltering fog, Involve the passive city.
fig.1387–8T. Usk Test. Love i. ii. (Skeat) l. 56 Tho I was in prosperitie, and with forain goodes enuolued. a1420Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. 2657 A cursed caitif Inuolued and y-wrapped in þe vice Of couetise. 1651C. Cartwright Cert. Relig. i. 205 What sentence we should all have, if God..had not involved and wrapped us in his righteousnesse. 1896Sir W. Harcourt Sp. Ho. Comm. 29 July, The hon. member made a speech last night in which he proceeded to involve himself in his own virtue. [Cf. Horace Od. iii. xxix. 55 Mea virtute me involvo.]
2. To wind in a spiral form, or in a series of curves, coils, or folds; to wreathe, coil, entwine.
1555Eden Decades 26 Rouling them togyther on a cyrcle inuolued after the maner of a slepyng snake. 1597A. M. tr. Guillemeau's Fr. Chirurg. xvi b/1 The threde which is involvde rounde about the Needle. 1602Marston Antonio's Rev. iv. v, Let's thus our hands, our hearts, our armes involve. 1667Milton P.L. vii. 483 Some of Serpent kinde,..involv'd Thir Snakie foulds. 1818Shelley Rev. Islam iii. xxiii, Like a choir of devils, Around me they involved a giddy dance.
b. fig. To join as by winding together or intertwining; to ‘wrap up’ with.
1651Baxter Inf. Bapt. 254 You will needs involve your own esteem with the credit of your ill cause. 1667Milton P.L. ii. 806 He knows His end with mine involved. 1768Sterne Sent. Journ. (1778) II. 146 (Fragment) Our misfortunes were involved together. 1852H. Rogers Ecl. Faith (1853) 108 Whether faith can ever exist independently of belief,—whether it is not always involved with it,..that is the point on which I want light.
3. fig. To envelop within the folds of some condition or circumstance; to environ, esp. so as to obscure or embarrass; to beset with difficulty or obscurity. Const. in, † with.
1382Wyclif Pref. Ep. Jerome vii. 71 The thrid hath bigynnyngis and ende with so feel derknessis enuolued. 1531Elyot Gov. i. xiv, That reuerende studie is inuolued in so barbarouse a langage,..no man understandyng it but they whiche haue studyed the lawes. 1598Marston Pygmal. ii. 142 That such Cymerian darknes should inuolue A quaint conceit. 1635E. Pagitt Christianogr. i. iii. (1636) 92 This doctrine..is involved with absurdities, and inexplicable contradictions. 1790Paley Horæ Paul. Wks. 1825 III. 207 This passage is involved in great obscurity. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 391 The numerous difficulties in which this question is involved.
b. To entangle (a matter), to render intricate.
1533More Debell. Salem Wks. 1004/2 As wililye as those shrewes that beguyle hym haue holpe hym to inuolue and intryke the matter. 1627Hakewill Apol. (1635) 541 Rather..to dispatch the busines with judgement, then to inuolue it with nice distinctions. Mod. We must not further involve the statement; it is intricate enough already.
4. To envelop or (in later use, more usually) entangle (a person) in trouble, difficulties, perplexity, etc.; to embarrass; to engage in circumstances from which it is difficult to withdraw. Const. in, † with, † into.
1387–8T. Usk Test. Love i. i. (Skeat) l. 111 These thynges..haue me so enuolued with care, that wanhope of helpe is throughout me ronne. c1440Gesta Rom. (1838) ii. i. 276 His conscience..involves hym in grete sorowes and diseases of hert, for his synne. 1665Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677) 321 Involved with more perplexity now than ever, he was at his wits end. 1704Lond. Gaz. No. 4058/5 The Differences wherein he finds himself..envolved with the Emperor. 1716Atterbury Let. to Swift 6 Apr., Involving me designedly into those squabbles. 1828D'Israeli Chas. I, I. xi. 300 The war in which Charles was now involved..was of the most popular character. 1839J. Yeowell Anc. Brit. Ch. x. (1847) 104 Their misconduct soon involved both kings and people in one common ruin. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 282 You imagine that you will involve me in a contradiction. 1898A. W. W. Dale Life R.W. Dale ii. 35 Mr. Müller had been involved in financial difficulties.
5. To implicate in a charge or crime; to cause or prove (a person) to be concerned in it.
1655Sir E. Nicholas in N. Papers (Camden) II. 255 Hee [the King] passed fower arrests, which inuolued diuers to the great dissatisfaction of many Presidents. 1660R. Coke Justice Vind. 16 That the King may be involved in the same crime with themselves, he [Strafford] must die by Act of Parliament. 1695Blackmore Pr. Arth. i. 287 Let not my Crime involve the Innocent. 1838Thirlwall Greece III. 391 It was the interest of the enemies of Alcibiades..to involve as many persons as they could in the charge. 1885Dict. Nat. Biog. III. 213/2 He was soon induced..to make confessions which seriously involved the duke.
6. trans. To include; to contain, imply.
†a. Of a person, or with reference to personal action: To include covertly in or under something; to wrap up. Also in indirect passive. Obs.
1605Bacon Adv. Learn. ii. iv. §4 When the secrets and mysteries of religion..are involved in fables or parables. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. iii. xii. 132 Some have written Mystically, as Paracelsus,..involving therein the secret of their Elixir, and enigmatically expressing the nature of their great worke. 1710Berkeley Princ. Hum. Knowl. §119 They have dreamed of mighty mysteries involved in numbers. 1724A. Collins Gr. Chr. Relig. 85 The antient Greek Poets were reputed to involve divine, and natural..notions of their gods under mystical and parabolical expressions.
b. Of a thing: To include within its folds or ramifications; to contain, comprise, comprehend. Now chiefly Math., or passing into c.
1651C. Cartwright Cert. Relig. i. 15 The Church of England involves all the Brittains within her Communion. 1799Wilson in Phil. Trans. LXXXIX. 298 It involves..not a cube, but a truncate sixth power in a cubic shape. 1811I. M. Williams (title) The Dramatic Censor..involving a correct register of every night's Performances at our Metropolitan Theatres. 1875Todhunter Algebra (ed. 7) xix. §299 Any equation which involves rational quantities and quadratic surds.
c. esp. To contain implicitly; to include as a necessary (and therefore unexpressed) feature, circumstance, antecedent condition, or consequence; to imply, entail.
1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. v. xxi. 267 Wherein (although most know not what they say) there are involved unknowne considerations. 1651Hobbes Leviath. iii. xl. 249 Their wills..were before the Contract involved in the will of Abraham. 1809–10Coleridge Friend (1865) 23 In moral truth, we involve likewise the intention of the speaker, that his words should correspond to his thoughts in the sense in which he expects them to be understood. 1839Thirlwall Greece xlv. VI. 43 The submission of Byzantium would probably involve that of Perinthus. 1855Lynch Rivulet xc. i, Some new task Involving care and strife. 1892Westcott Gospel of Life p. xviii, Every argument involves some assumptions.
d. To include or affect in its operation.
1847Mrs. A. Kerr Hist. Servia 4 To promote those general ideas which involve the destiny of the human race. 1857Ruskin Pol. Econ. Art 6 It will be held a worthy subject of consideration what are the political interests involved in such accumulation. a1885U. S. Grant Pers. Mem. II. 531 Men who..could not be induced to serve as soldiers, except in an emergency, when the safety of the nation was involved.
7. To roll up within itself, to envelop and take in; to overwhelm and swallow up.
1605Bacon Adv. Learn. i. i. §3, I learned, that the same mortality involveth them both. 1649Jer. Taylor Gt. Exemp. Disc. xv. §27 They..were all involved and swallowed up into the body of the sun of righteousness. 1727–46Thomson Summer 1022 The stormy fates descend: one death involves Tyrants and slaves. 1742Pope Dunc. iv. 82 The gathering number, as it moves along, Involves a vast involuntary throng. 1850Tennyson In Mem. cxxx, My love involves the love before; My love is vaster passion now.
8. Math. To multiply (a quantity) into itself any desired number of times; to raise to a power. Now rare or Obs.
1673Kersey Algebra 3 These numbers..are usually called the Indices, or Exponents of those Powers..because they shew..how many times the Root is involved or multiplyed in producing each Power respectively. 1706W. Jones Syn. Palmar. Matheseos 46. 1811 Hutton Course Math. (ed. 6) I. 191 Let a + x be involved to the 5th power. 1875Todhunter Algebra (ed. 7) xvi. §222 If the quantity which is to be involved be a fraction, both its numerator and its denominator must be raised to the proposed power.
†9. To turn over in the mind; to revolve. rare.
c1470Harding Chron. lxxv. ii, The kyng..in his mynde ymagened and inuolued Howe sone and when..They might agayn bee consociate.
Hence inˈvolving vbl. n. and ppl. a.; also inˈvolver, one who or that which involves.
1611Florio, Inuoglia, an enuoluing. 1660Boyle New Exp. Phys. Mech. Digress. 374 The upper part of the involving Amnios. 1738Glover Leonidas ii. 172 Rapid torrents of involving flames. c1860L. Oliphant in Athenæum (1891) 23 May 659/3 The hand that has used a revolver..does not waver with a pen, though the lines he traces may be an involver of a revolver again. 1880Mem. John Legge vii. 84 A seemingly needless involving of the truth.
Add:[4.] b. pass. (or as ppl. a.) More generally, to be occupied, engrossed, or embroiled in; to be concerned or associated with.
1843Proc. Berwickshire Naturalists' Club II. 66 Many were deeply involved in smuggling, and..carried on with little secrecy or restraint their contraband commerce. 1907F. W. Lanchester Aerodynamics 393 Aerodonetics,..the science specifically involved in problems connected with the stability or equilibrium of an aerodone or aerodrome. 1940Chicago Tribune 28 Jan. 1/8 A typical goon murder was the recent killing in Chicago of..a garageman involved in a union dispute. 1944S. Bellow Dangling Man 25, I was involved with them; because, whether I liked it or not, they were my generation, my society, my world. 1969Observer 16 Feb. 7/5 Those involved in the ornithological expedition have had to receive military clearance. 1983B. Emecheta Rape of Shavi (1985) xx. 167 Mendoza was one of those people one liked to know but not really be involved with. 1991C. Fremlin Dangerous Thoughts x. 79 To get involved in another web of lying was too much; my whole soul shrank from it in exhaustion.
c. Chiefly in pass. (or as ppl. a.). To commit (oneself) emotionally; spec. to have a sexual relationship with.
1936R. Lehmann Weather in Streets iii. 293, I feel certain his beastly parents interfered—thought he was getting too involved. 1955O. Manning Doves of Venus i. ii. 7 He had involved himself with Ellie from habit. 1970I. Murdoch Fairly Honourable Defeat ii. ix. 285 She did not really think that Rupert and Morgan were involved with each other. 1984J. Gathorne-Hardy Doctors (1987) xxxi. 296, I don't think you can help people unless you're prepared to be involved. 1990R. Blount First Hubby 133, I was not horny or crazy enough to get involved with a Klanswoman even if I weren't already in love..with a Maid of Orleans whose cause I believed in. |