| 释义 |
▪ I. regress, n.|ˈriːgrɛs|
[ad. L. regressus, n. of action f. regredī to go back: see regrede v., and cf. egress, ingress.]
1. The act of going or coming back; a return or withdrawal; re-entry to or into the place of issue or origin. Freq. in the phrases (orig. legal) egress, or ingress, and regress.
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xxi. (Clement) 629 Fra he had to rome regresse [L. venisset], & wyst þe tyme cumyne was [etc.]. 1477Rolls of Parlt. VI. 191/1 Afore your moost victorious regresse into this same your Reame. 1515St. Papers Hen. VIII, II. 13 The Deputye, in his progresse and regresse, oppresseyth the Kinges poore comyn folke. 1543–4Act 35 Hen. VIII, c. 10 To haue free ingresse egresse and regresse into all suche places. 1599Hakluyt Voy. II. i. 177 [The] abouesaid Christians will not quietly suffer their egresse and regresse, into, and out of our dominions. 1632Lithgow Trav. x. 482, I remarked a perpetuall current, flowing from the Ocean to the Mediterrene Sea without any regresse. a1656Ussher Ann. (1658) 773 Whose progresse and regresse in this journey we here set down out of Strabo. 1696Tryon Misc. i. 2 Where the Air hath not its free egress and regress. 1748Richardson Clarissa (1811) I. xxxv. 259, I have told him that he may indeed watch her egresses and regresses. 1770Langhorne Plutarch (1879) I. 192/2 The Lacedæmonians would allow free egress and regress in their city. 1822–56De Quincey Confess. (1862) 182 Every step of my regress..was bringing me nearer to the heath. 1856Stanley Sinai & Pal. i. i. 38 Early travellers..took one route on their egress and the other on their regress.
fig.1607–12Bacon Ess., Great Place (Arb.) 278 The standing is slipery, and the regresse is either a downefall, or..an Eclipse. 1656W. Montagu Accompl. Wom. 17 It is necessary, that after we have surveyed many objects, we should make a regress into our selves. 1836–7Sir W. Hamilton Metaph. xxxviii. (1870) II. 372 We cannot conceive the infinite regress of time. 1866J. G. Murphy Comm., Exod. xxx. Introd., The progress and regress here are the prophecy and the history of salvation.
2. Law.
†a. = recourse 4 b. Obs.
1479Act. Audit. (1839) 94 Becauss þe said henry allegeit he had writtinge..quharthrou he vnderstude he myt saufly Intromet wt the said gudis, þt he haf Regress to him Insafer as law will. 1641S. Smith Herring Buss Trade 20 The owners shall hold and keep their regresse to the steeres⁓man,..for to recover the value..of the Herring so forfeited. 1755N. Magens Insurances II. 99 Which Condition shall preserve to the Owner of the Goods..the Right of having Regress upon the Master.
†b. Return to possession; re-entry. Obs. rare.
1597Skene De Verb. Sign. s.v. Recognition, The superiour hes entresse & regresse to the property of the lands, and may recognosce the samin. 1628Coke On Litt. 319 Others doe hold it all one in case of a recouery, and a regresse.
†c. Sc. (See quots.) Obs.
1597Skene De Verb. Sign. s.v. Reversion, Ane regresse is giuen bee the superiour of landes to the annalier thereof, quhairby hee promisis to receiue againe him, or his aires to be his vassalles, as they were of before, quhen it sall happen onye of them to redeeme the saidis landes. a1768Erskine Inst. Law Scot. ii. viii. §18 (1773) 297 Letters of regress were frequently obtained from the superior, by which he became obliged to give the reverser his former vassal full regress to the property, upon his redeeming the lands.
d. Canon Law. (See quots.)
1710tr. Dupin's Eccl. Hist. 16th C. I. ii. xiv. 75 note, Regress is a Term in the Canon Law; It is an Action by which the Resignee may enter upon a Benefice upon a Resignation or upon a Change. 1848Waterworth Canons & Decrees of Trent (1888) 261 note, Regress, right of returning to a benefice vacated in case of death &c., of the actual incumbent.
3.
†a. Return to (or unto) a previous state or condition. Obs.
1535Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 73 Rome..may neuir regres haif to sic gloir In to oure tyme as that it had befoir. 1610Healey St. Aug. Citie of God 398 They love perfect impiety, from which there is no regresse unto piety.
b. The fact of going back from, or in respect of, a state or condition. (Opp. to progress.)
1590Lodge Rosalind 56 Thy progresse in loue is a regress to losse. 1600W. Watson Decacordon (1602) 218 It is neither the good beginning, nor progresse, nor regresse,..that notifieth a man to be predestinate, or a reprobate. 1621H. Farley St. Paul's E 2, As in Progresse, so in Regresse, O, let vs euer pray, That God will blesse his Maiestie. 1697G. Burghope Divine Worship 138 Let him search into..his progress or regress in piety. 1891Nation (N.Y.) 3 Dec. 423/3 So we will wait and hope, and report progress or regress after our Sicilian tour.
†4. Return to a subject. Obs. rare—1.
1578Banister Hist. Man iv. 47 But to make regresse, it followeth, yet further..to describe the Muscles.
5. The act of working back in thought from one thing to another, spec. from an effect to a cause.
1620T. Granger Div. Logike 109 From the priuation of the power or facultie there is no regresse to the habite. 1640Bp. Reynolds Passions x. 93 There is another Regresse from the Object to the Appetite. 1704Norris Ideal World ii. vii. 332 If so, then a double absurdity will follow; one by way of direct progress from the cause to the effect, and another by way of regress from the effect to the cause. 1825Coleridge Aids Refl. (1848) I. 209 The old axiom..applies with a never-ending regress to each several link, up the whole chain of nature. 1877E. Caird Philos. Kant ii. xv. 554 An endless regress from reason to reason is no explanation of the world which satisfies the intelligence.
6. Astron. = retrogradation.
1642H. More Song of Soul ii. iii. iii. lxxi, In regresse and in progress different Of the free Planets. 1715tr. Gregory's Astron. (1726) II. 534 The Regress of the Nodes is the swiftest when they are in a Quadrature with the Sun. 1750Phil. Trans. XLVII. 71 The regress, in a periodical month, will be 5548{pp}.3, and the progress 16489{pp}.8. 1838Penny Cycl. XI. 383/2 The regress, when the line of apses is perpendicular to the line joining the earth and sun, is about 9°.
▪ II. regress, v.|rɪˈgrɛs|
[ad. L. regress-, ppl. stem of regredī: see regrede v.]
†1. intr. To recede from; to return to a subject or place, or into a former state. Obs.
1552Cal. Anc. Rec. Dublin (1889) I. 428 It redouns to ther owen dishonestie and sham in regressing fro the said order. 1570Foxe A. & M. (ed. 2) 51/2 But this by the waye of digression, now to regresse again to the state of y⊇ first former times. 1593Bilson Govt. Christ's Ch. 329 [This] we haue alreadie seene, and may not now regresse thither againe. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. ii. i. (1650) 40 All which,..being forced into fluent consistencies, doe naturally regresse into their former solidities.
2. a. To move in a backward direction. Chiefly Astron.
1823Woodhouse Astron. (ed. 2) II. 660 The node [of the moon] may have regressed through several entire circuits of the heavens. 1838Penny Cycl. XI. 383/1 When the moon is..near apogee it causes the line of apses to regress. 1896Seth in Contemp. Rev. Aug. 176 Experience itself..constitutes the premise from which we advance (or rather regress) to its implied condition or explaining cause.
b. Psychol. To return in one's mind to an earlier period or stage of life as a result of mental illness or through hypnosis or psychoanalysis. Also trans., to induce regression in (a person). See also regression 4 d.
1926J. I. Suttie tr. Ferenczi's Further Contrib. xi. 137 Now the stage to which these two neurotics regressed seems to be the infantile stage of the first year of life. 1950Psychoanalytic Q. XIX. 501 The immutability of a constant, passive environment forces him to adapt, i.e., to regress to infantile levels. 1956Ambrose & Newbold Handbk. Med. Hypnosis vii. 146 If a child can be hypnotised and regressed with suitable suggestions, causing him to re-live the actual traumatic episode, much tension can be overcome. 1957P. Lafitte Person in Psychol. vi. 75 The person changes..for the worse, perhaps regressing directly to infantile behaviour. 1960Times Lit. Suppl. 3 June 356/3 Harry was later hypnotized by a friend of Dr. Puharich and ‘regressed’ through his life memories to see if he had any knowledge of Egyptian history, language, or religion. 1970T. X. Barber LSD, Marihuana, Yoga & Hypnosis vi. 259 When regressed hypnotically to the time of the original conditioning, all subjects again manifested the eye-blink response. 1976F. H. Frankel Hypnosis v. 67 He was then regressed in time, and referred to business difficulties that he had experienced earlier that day and in recent weeks. 1978Gris & Dick New Soviet Psychic Discoveries ix. 104 A girl student..insisted that she be regressed by a co-student.
3. intr. Genetics. To tend or evolve towards the mean value for the population; to display regression to the mean (regression 4 b).
1885Nature 24 Sept. 509/2 The type is an ideal form towards which the children of those who deviate from it tend to regress. Ibid. 510/1 The stability of a type would, I presume, be measured by the strength of its tendency to regress. 1892F. Galton Finger Prints i. 21 There is a constant tendency in the offspring to ‘regress’ towards the parental type. 1909Westm. Gaz. 21 Apr. 5/1 There is a tendency for children of exceptional parents to regress towards the average stock. 1953Srb & Owen Gen. Genetics xxiii. 497 Instead of showing the average value of their selected parents, the progeny regress from this value toward the original population mean, and in fact average only a little better than the population from which their parents came. 1975A. Smith Human Pedigree iii. 67 The reason why we have not ended up as uniform as tailor's dummies is that there is only a tendency to regress to the mean... The various genes involved in such a character as weight will combine, from time to time and to confound the general rule, in a manner that is unexceptional [sic]. A child will then be heavier than both its parents. It will not have regressed.
4. trans. Statistics. To calculate the coefficient(s) of regression of (a variable) against or on another variable. colloq.
1971Nature 8 Oct. 407/1 These parameters were regressed on measurements made of site factors on five sampling sites from the fives dated flows. 1977D. M. Smith Human Geogr. vii. 170 Katzman..estimated several education production functions by regressing measures of output against measures of school input and local socio-economic status of residents. |