| 释义 |
ammonium Chem.|əˈməʊnɪəm|
[a. mod.L. ammōnium, formed by Berzelius, 1808, on ammonia, after analogy of soda, sodium, magnesia, magnesium, and the names of the recent metals generally.]
The radical supposed to exist in the salts of ammonia, a compound of 4 equivalents of hydrogen with 1 of nitrogen, NH4, which behaves in composition as a monatomic alkaline metal, replacing, and presenting close analogies to, sodium and potassium.
1808Sir H. Davy in Phil. Trans. XCVIII. 364 From platina to potassium there is a regular order of gradation as to physical and chemical properties, and this would probably extend to ammonium, could it be obtained in the fixed form. 1850Daubeny Atom. The. ix. 295 The atomic volume which these lighter metals, viz. ammonium, barium, calcium..have. 1875Ure Dict. Arts I. 142 Although it may be objected..that the metal ammonium is not known, yet a curious metallic compound of this metal with mercury has been obtained.
b. attrib. In names of compounds in which ammonia was formerly, and is still often, used, as ammonium salts, ammonium carbonate, ammonium chloride, ammonium phosphate. Also ammonium alum (see alum n. 2); ammonium amalgam, a soft solid metallic substance, an amalgam of ammonium and mercury, analogous to the sodium and potassium amalgams.
1863Watts Dict. Chem. (1872) I. 188 Ammonium-salts are isomorphous with potassium salts. Ibid. 195 Spoken of as ammonium-bases in contradistinction to the amine- or ammonia-bases. 1869Roscoe Elem. Chem. 214 Ammonium Chloride, or sal-ammoniac. 1873Williamson Chem. viii. §52 The ammonium amalgam very rapidly decomposes when removed from the liquid. |