| 释义 |
▪ I. volume, n.|ˈvɒljuːm|
Forms: α. 4–6 volym, 5 volom, 5–8 volum (5–6 vollum, 5 Sc. wolum). β. 5 volyme, velome, volome, 5– volume (6 Sc. wollume). γ. 7 volumne, 7–9 volumn.
[a. OF. volum, volume, volumme (F. volume, = It. and Pg. volume, Sp. volumen), ad. L. volūmen coil, wreath, roll, etc., f. volvĕre to roll. The chief senses of the English word also exist in French.]
I.
1. Hist. a. A roll of parchment, papyrus, etc., containing written matter; a literary work, or part of one, recorded or preserved in this form, which was customary in ancient times. Also fig.
1382Wyclif Deut. xvii. 18 He shal discriue to hym a declaracioun of this lawe in a volym. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) V. 27 He expownede Ypocras his bookes as it were, and..also he made meny veleyns [v.rr. volyms, volums] of his owne. 1587Golding De Mornay vi. (1592) 65 Hee wrote sixe and thirtie thousand, fiue hundred, and fiue and twentie Volumes, that is to say, Rolles of paper, as Iamblichus reporteth. 1611Bible Ps. xl. 7 In the volume of the booke it is written of me. 1623Lisle ælfric on O. & N. Test., Esdras, Esdras the Scribe wrote a volume, how the people returned from Chaldea to Jury. 1790Burke Fr. Rev. i. Sel. Wks. 1898 II. 166 In history a great volume is unrolled for our instruction. 1865J. Hannett Bibliopegia 23 Two strings.., attached to the last sheet or cover of the volume, round which, when it was rolled up, they were fastened. 1881G. W. Moon King's English ii. 99 The rolls, or volumes, were composed of several sheets, fastened to each other, and rolled upon a stick; the whole making a kind of cylinder, which was to be managed by the stick, as a handle.
†b. A roll or scroll containing a legal document. Obs.—1
1530Will T. Broke, Ld. Cobham (Somerset Ho.), This my present testament and laste will in two volumes.
2. a. A collection of written or printed sheets bound together so as to form a book; a tome.
αc1380Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. II. 61 Men algatis don worse now, for in stede of philateries men maken gret volyms of newe lawes. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 15 Þat þey mowe be enformed by þis schort tretys, þat haueþ nouȝt i-seie þe grete volyms and large, þat beeþ of stories i-write. c1425Wyntoun Cron. iv. Prol. 25, I haf set me..to tret in þis wolum Qwhen biggit was be Romule Rome. 1445–50J. Metham Wks. (1916) 157, I rede in elde volummys this matere subsequent. 1513Douglas æneid Wks. 1874 IV. 228 Virgillis volum of hir sonne Enee. 1590Lydgate's Serpent of Division Concl. C iv, Thus by the large writings and golden vollums of that woorthye Chaucer, the froward Dame of Chaunce hath no respecte of persons. 1651Burton's Anat. Mel. (ed. 6) iii. iv. ii. i. 692 To describe them in particular..would require a just volum. 1652Culpepper Eng. Physic. 180 It being sufficient for a Volum by itself to speak fully of them. 1698J. Keill Exam. Th. Earth (1734) 19 Mr. Erasmus Warren, who has wrote the greatest Volum against it. 1700Maidwell in Collectanea (O.H.S.) I. 313 Never to be bound up in the last volum.
βc1386Chaucer Wife's Prol. 681 Ouides Art and bookes many on And alle thise were bounden in o volume [v.rr. volome, velome]. c1440Promp. Parv. 512/1 Volyme, booke, volumen. 1480Caxton Myrr. iii. xii. 160 Boece..compiled in his lyf plente of fair volumes aourned of hye and noble philosophye. a1513Fabyan Chron. vi. (1811) 145 Of his notable dedis myght I make a great volume. 1555Eden Decades (Arb.) 278 It wolde requyre rather a hole volume then a booke. 1594Southwell St. Peters Complaint (1602) 15 Sweet volumes stoard with learning fit for Saints. 1605Bacon Adv. Learn. i. vi. §16 You erre not knowing the Scriptures, nor the power of God: laying before vs two Bookes or Volumes to studie, if we will be secured from errour. 1646Crashaw Poems (1858) 61 Lo, here a little volume, but great book! 1691Hartcliffe Virtues 225 The Lawyers..in those infinite and immense Volumes, which they have written. 1719De Foe Crusoe i. (Globe) 170 It would take up a larger Volume than this whole Work is intended to be, to set down all the Contrivances I hatch'd. 1769Junius Lett. xx. (1788) 115 The writer of the volume in question meets me upon my own ground. 1808Med. Jrnl. XIX. 109 The great number of pages, I might perhaps say, volumes, which have been written on the subject. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. iii. I. 394 The shops of the great book⁓sellers..were crowded..and a known customer was often permitted to carry a volume home. 1893Bookman June 85/2 Some writers would have gathered their fugitive pieces into volumes and called them books.
γ1648E. Pagitt Heresiogr. (ed. 4) Ep. Ded., A Uolumn wil hardly containe the hurt that these Sectaries have..done to this poore Church. 1649J. H. Motion to Parl. 10 The best man upon earth..did so many things as all the Volumnes in the world could scarce containe. 1672Marvell Reh. Transp. i. 211 He cannot answer without reading over eight or ten large Volumns in Folio. 1693South Serm., Rom. i. 32 288 In every volumn there is a nursery..of vice.
b. the sacred volume, the Bible. the Christian volume, the New Testament.
1785Burns Cotter's Sat. Nt. xv, Perhaps the Christian Volume is the theme. 1850Forshall & Madden Wycliffite Bible I. Pref. p. iii, Aelfric..added greatly to the knowledge of the sacred volume [among the Anglo-Saxons]. 1863Biogr. Sk. E. Fry 75 Fifty copies of the entire Sacred Volume, and twenty-five New Testaments, were promptly forwarded for her use.
3. fig.
a. Something which in character or nature is comparable to a book; esp. something which may be studied after the manner of a book.
1592Shakes. Rom. & Jul. i. iii. 81 This night you shall..Read ore the volume of young Paris face, And find delight, writ there with Beauties pen. 1593― Rich. II, i. iv. 18 Would the word Farwell haue lengthen'd houres, He should haue had a volume of Farwels. 1605Timme Quersit. Ded. p. iii, This philosophy natural, both speculatiue and actiue, is not only to be found in the volume of nature. 1638R. Baker tr. Balzac's Lett. (vol. II) 19 The publick prosperities would be less deare unto me if yours were not bound up in one volume with them. 1663Sir G. Mackenzie Religio Stoici 96 It is as strange that man, having that huge volumn of the Creation to revolve [etc.]. 1709Prior Carm. Sec. 338 Be kind, and with a milder Hand, Closing the Volume of the finish'd Age,..A more delightful Leaf expand. 1814Byron Lara i. ix, Books, for his volume heretofore was Man, With eye more curious he appear'd to scan. 1869Farrar Fam. Speech i. 7 Thought which so completely permeates the whole of language as to render it one vast volume of compressed allegories.
b. In the phrase to speak (also express, tell) volumes, to be highly expressive or significant.
1803M. Wilmot Let. 3 May in Russ. Jrnls. (1934) i. 13 A sentimental story that speakes Volumes in favour of the Count and his Daughter. 1810Shelley Zastrozzi iv. Pr. Wks. 1888 I. 23 A pause ensued, during which the eyes of Zastrozzi and Matilda spoke volumes to each guilty soul. 1833Whittier Abolitionists Pr. Wks. 1889 III. 86 The late noble example of the eloquent statesman..speaks volumes to his political friends. 1867Freeman Norm. Conq. (1877) I. vi. 444 Something which speaks volumes in favour of the King. 1891‘J. S. Winter’ Lumley xv, Mrs. Jock's tone expressed volumes.
4. A separately bound portion or division of a work; one of two or more portions into which a work of some size is divided with a view to separate binding; one of a number of books forming a related set or series.
1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. 322/2 Thus endeth the first volume of sir Johan Froissart: of the cronycles of England, Fraunce, Spayne [etc.]. 1549Coverdale (title), The second tome or volume of the Paraphrase of Erasmus vpon the newe testament. 1684Scanderbeg Rediv. vi. 155 To Attempt his Character would require another Volumne. 1706London & Wise (title), The Retir'd Gard'ner. In Two Volumes. Ibid., To this Volume is added [etc.]. 1796H. Hunter tr. St.-Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) III. 11, I have given, in the advertisement to my first Volume, the origin of this error. 1798Ferriar Illustr. Sterne, etc. i. 4 When the first volumes of Tristram Shandy appeared. 1855Poultry Chron. III. 555 The ‘Poultry Chronicle’..being now complete in three volumes.
5. attrib. and Comb., as volume form, volume-swollen, volume-trophied adj.
a1661B. Holyday Juvenal (1673) 1 Mighty Telephus..Or volume-swolne Orestes, that does fill The margin of an ample book. 1831Howitt Seasons (1837) 325 The lamp lights the volume-trophied wall. 1880Gentl. Mag. CCXLVI. 80 A volume Hansard is still published at the end of the session. 1897Daily News 13 May 6/2 Mr. Nimmo..will publish the whole series immediately in volume form.
II.
†6.
a. Size, bulk, or dimensions (of a book).
1530Palsgr. 285/2 Volym for the largenesse of a boke, uolume. 1555in Lydgate's Chron. Troy A vi/1 After he had wryt his booke to the iuste volume, filled then the mergentes and outwarde sydes with his madnes. 1577Vicary's Anat. To Rdr., And albeit this Treatise be small in Volume, yet in commoditie it is great and profitable. 1612Brinsley Lud. Lit. iv. (1627) 30 The fittest volume for their writing booke is, to haue them in quarto. 1638Sir T. Herbert Trav. (ed. 2) 254 The Alcoran or Bible..is in volume twice so big as the Psalmes of David. 1683Moxon Mech. Exerc. Printing xxii. ⁋7 There are four Volumns in use that are differently Imposed, viz. Folio, Quarto, Octavo and Twelves... The places of these Pages for all Volumns the Compositer has always in his memory.
†b. In phr. of the largest volume, with reference to copies of the Bible. Obs.
1538Cromwell in Merriman Life & Lett. (1902) II. 152 That ye shall prouide..one boke of the hole bible of the largest volume in english. 1540(title), The Byble in Englyshe of the largest and greatest volume. 1569Parkhurst Injunct. A iv, 3. Item, whether you haue in your Churche a Bible, of the largest volume. 1605Min. Archdeaconry Colchester (MS.) fol. 183 They want the saulter, the byble of the largest volume. a1629Hinde J. Bruen xl. (1641) 123 He set up..two goodly faire Bibles of the best Edition, and largest Volume (as then they were Printed). 1753Chambers' Cycl. Suppl. s.v. Bible, Cranmer's Bible..was printed by Grafton, of the largest volume, and published in 1540.
7. a. A particular bulk, mass, or quantity as an attribute of a thing. Also fig.
1621Quarles Div. Poems, Esther (1638) 101 So shall his people euen as well as He Princes (though in a lesser volume) be. a1668R. Lassels Voy. Italy (1698) II. 31 It [the great hall] is beautified with rare pictures in a great volume. 1815Shelley Alastor 540 The stream, that with a larger volume now Rolled through the labyrinthine dell. 1862Spencer First Princ. ii. iv. §52 (1875) 173 Certain gases, which, in assuming a larger volume, have caused the explosion. 1863Kinglake Crimea I. 376 The torrent had so great a volume that it was worthy to be turned against a foreign State.
b. concr. A quantity or mass (esp. a large one) regarded as matter occupying space. Also fig.
1647Clarendon Hist. Reb. iv. §98 It was now evident enough..what Use they would make upon occasions, of those Volumes of Votes they had often poured out upon all accidental Debates. 1794R. J. Sulivan View Nat. I. 331 The prodigious volumes of water which have from the beginning of the world been falling into [the ocean]. 1806J. Beresford Miseries Hum. Life ii. xviii, Volume upon volume of black, heavy clouds suddenly rising. 1833Macaulay Ess., Walpole (1897) 272 Every noble sharper whose vast volume of wig and infinite length of riband had figured at the dressing. 1863Lyell Antiq. Man 32 Both in England and Ireland..bogs have burst, and sent forth great volumes of black mud. 1871B. Stewart Heat (ed. 2) §24 The volume of mercury in the stem of a thermometer.
c. Chem. A determinate quantity or amount, in terms of bulk, of any substance.
1812Sir H. Davy Chem. Philos. 65 Solids differ in degrees of hardness, in color, in density, or in the weight afforded by equal volumes. 1820Faraday Exp. Res. (1859) 51 A mixture of equal volumes of oxygen and hydrogen was made, and two volumes of it detonated..by the electric spark. 1857Miller Elem. Chem., Org. 316, 1 equivalent yields 4 volumes of vapour. 1877Huxley Physiogr. 79 Instead of a given volume or measure, a given weight of air is examined.
attrib.1866Odling Anim. Chem. 152 The atomic weights or volume-weights of chlorine, bromine, and iodine. 1881J. C. Maxwell Electr. & Magn. I. 134 The volume-density at any point is determined by the equation. 1885Watson & Burbury Math. Th. Electr. & Magn. I. 53 We call the distribution superficial in distinction from the volume distribution hitherto considered.
8. a. The bulk, size, or dimensions of a thing. Also concr., the mass or solid body of something.
1792Munchausen's Trav. xxxi. 143 Wawau..made several violent darts against the volume of the balloon, so fierce as at length to tear open a great space. 1809Med. Jrnl. XXI. 462 It is sufficient the volume of the muscular elements be augmented sufficiently to enlarge the fibres while the volume of the interstices, and of the superficial parts diminishes. 1830Lyell Princ. Geol. I. 249 Considerable labour has been bestowed in computing the volume of lava-streams. 1868Lockyer Elem. Astron. §103 The volume of the Sun is 1,200,000 times greater than that of the Earth. 1877Huxley Physiogr. 185 The volume of the sea is very much greater than that of the land which rises above the sea-level.
fig.1876J. Parker Paracl. i. v. 63 Inspiration increases as well as sanctifies the volume of a man's being.
b. The amount or quantity of something.
1882D. A. Wells Our Merch. Marine 112 So small a matter apparently as the civility or neglect of conductors..will sensibly influence the volume of travel. 1886Manch. Exam. 13 Mar. 5/2 It would be a good thing to enlarge the volume of the currency; to make money more plentiful. 1892Daily News 24 Dec. 7/2 The volume of business, as is usual at this season of the year, has undergone considerable diminution.
9. Without article: Bulk, mass, dimensions.
1794R. J. Sulivan View Nat. I. 71 It is not true, that the seas diminish in volume, or sink gradually beneath their level. 1800tr. Lagrange's Chem. I. 110 A mixture of three parts in volume of hydrogen gas, and one part of sulphurous acid gas. 1834Marryat P. Simple xlvi, The waves, which every moment increased in volume, washed up to us. 1868Peard Water-farm. xiv. 139 The brook is clear, of average purity, and moderate volume. 1871A. Meadows Man. Midwifery (ed. 2) 96 There is usually some increase of volume and vascularity of the uterus itself.
fig.1873Symonds Grk. Poets v. 112 The Iambic did not carry weight enough or volume to sustain a lengthy narrative. 1876Geo. Eliot Dan. Der. lxi, The soul of man may know in fuller volume the good which has been.
10. a. Mus. (See first quots.)
1801Busby Dict. Mus., Volume, a word applied to the compass of a voice from grave to acute; also to its tone, or power: as when we say, ‘such a performer possesses an extensive or rich volume of voice’. 1876Stainer & Barrett Dict. Mus. Terms 451/2 Volume, a term applied to the power and quality of the tone of a voice or instrument. 1881Athenæum 10 Sept. 348/1 The voice of Herr Reichmann is a bass of great volume and richness. 1901Scotsman 6 Mar. 8/6 The solo voices were not quite of professional volume.
b. Quantity, strength or power, combined mass, of sound.
1822Byron Werner v. i. 134, I heard.., Distinct and keener far upon my ear Than the late cannon's volume, this word—‘Werner!’ 1868Milman St. Paul's xvii. 428 The new organ pealed out its glorious volume of sound. 1897M. Kingsley W. Africa 249 The row when we reached the town redoubled in volume.
III. 11. poet. a. A coil, fold, wreath, convolution, esp. of a serpent. (Freq. in Dryden and Pope.)
1648Crashaw Delights Muses, Foule Morning 25 Hee..will trim And brush her Azure Mantle, which shall swim In silken Volumes. 1666Dryden Ann. Mirab. cxxiii, So glides some trodden Serpent on the Grass, And long behind his wounded Volume trails. 1695Blackmore Pr. Arth. ii. 164 The Crested Snake rolls on the flowry Plain, The shining Volumes of his Spiral Train. 1703Pope Thebais 728 Th' Inachians view the slain with vast surprise, Her twisting volumes and her rolling eyes. 1762Falconer Shipwr. iii. 60 The wounded serpent, agoniz'd with pain, Thus trails his mangled volume on the plain. 1784Cowper Task iii. 499 The overcharg'd And drench'd conservatory breathes abroad, In volumes wheeling slow, the vapour dank. 1805–6Cary Dante, Inf. ix. 42 Around them greenest hydras twisting roll'd Their volumes. 1821Shelley Epipsych. 501 In the place of it The ivy and the wild-vine interknit The volumes of their many-twining stems.
b. A winding of a stream.
1716Fenton Ode Ld. Gower iii, Where Thames's fruitful Tides, Slow thro' the Vale in silver Volumes play.
IV.
12. Special Combs.: volume control, (a) control of the volume of sound, esp. when reproduced or transmitted; (b) a knob or other device for achieving this; volume-density, the number of anything per unit volume; volume indicator Electronics, a device for measuring the power of a complex electrical signal corresponding to a sound pattern, so as to indicate the volume of the sound that is represented; volume table Forestry, a set of empirically derived figures relating the volume of timber in a given type of tree or log to measurable parameters such as height and girth, thus enabling such measurements to be used in estimating timber volumes in the field; volume unit = VU, vu s.v. V 5 b.
1927Star 4 June 6/4 Volume Control... Noises, etc. in the loud speaker can be very easily reduced. 1931T. H. Pear Voice & Personality 78 It [sc. a preacher's voice] should be articulate, but with an efficient and graded volume-control. 1933Boys' Mag. July 108/2 One of the all-important components..is the volume control. 1956B.B.C. Handbk. 1957 100 They are also responsible for the volume control and technical quality of programmes leaving studios. 1977‘E. Crispin’ Glimpses of Moon viii. 152 Titty..was wearing the hearing-aid, so Ling..addressed himself..to her, while she fiddled with volume control.
1956Nature 4 Feb. 226/1 These photographs have been useful for determining..the area-density and volume-density of the flying locusts. 1968R. A. Lyttleton Mysteries Solar Syst. v. 155 The time that an individual particle would take to cross the cylinder..would be of the order of 2s/V, and for this time the particle would be contributing to the average volume-density within the cylinder.
1923Trans. Amer. Inst. Electr. Engineers XLII. 77/2 There has been developed a device which is called a ‘volume indicator’. This consists of an amplifier detector working into a direct-current meter. 1961G. Millerson Technique Television Production i. 16 His [sc. the sound mixer's] attention is divided mostly between the flickering needle of his volume indicator and his picture monitor.
1895W. Schlich Man. Forestry III. 39 (heading) Estimate of volume by means of volume tables. 1902Forestry Q. I. 6 The Bavarian government, in 1846, instituted a very extended study..of the stems of the more important forest trees of that country. The volume tables which resulted..involved a complete analytical measurement of over forty thousand trees. 1981Southern Jrnl. Appl. Forestry V. 186/2 Users of volume tables are cautious about applying them outside the region from which they were derived, because the effects of geographic location are unknown.
1940Chambers's Techn. Dict. 897/1 VU, the number of volume-units above or below zero power-level..indicated by the standardised volume-indicator. 1960McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. XIV. 374/2 Meters which give readings in volume units, called VU meters, are widely used for monitoring radio broadcasts and for sound recording.
▪ II. volume, v.|ˈvɒljuːm|
[f. prec.]
1. a. trans. To send up, pour out, in volumes.
1815Scott Waterloo viii, Through the war-smoke, volumed high, Still peals that unremitted cry. 1865Meredith Farina 194 More and more the nightingales volumed their notes.
b. intr. To rise or roll in a volume or cloud.
1824Byron Def. Transf. i. i, The mighty steam, which volumes high From their proud nostrils, burns the very air. 1884Howells Silas Lapham (1891) I. 65 Shutting the registers, through which a welding heat came voluming up from the furnace. 1891Meredith Fragm. Iliad in Illustr. Lond. News 18 Apr. 507/1 Up from under them volumed the dust cloud, Up off the plain.
2. trans. To collect or bind in a volume.
1853G. J. Cayley Las Alforjas II. 119 It must have a bouquet of chemically prepared sentiment, and then it is fit to be volumed from the rough cask of MS., and decanted into the reviews. 1895Punch 5 Jan. 1/1 For it's always been my practice, Sir,..Since the day that I was volumed, until now I'm fifty four. |