| 释义 |
vineyard|ˈvɪnjəd, -jɑːd|
Forms: 4 vinȝerd, 6 -yard(e, vinȝard, -yearde, 6 vyny(e)arde, wynyard, 7 viniard; 4–5 vyneȝerd(e, 5 -ȝorde, -ye(e)rd, 6 -yearde; 4 vineȝard, 5 -yerd, 6 -y(e)arde, 5– vineyard; Sc. 5 wyne-, 6 wineȝarde, wyneȝard, -yaird.
[f. vine n. + yard n., after the earlier wineyard, OE. wínᵹeard.]
1. A piece of ground in which grape-vines are cultivated; a plantation of vines.
a1340Hampole Psalter civ. 31 He smate þaire vynȝerdis & þaire fige trese. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvii. cxli. (Bodl. MS.), Þis tree..is beste in gardines to close hem wiþ and vineȝardes. 1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 337 In þis lond is plente of hony and of mylk and of wyn, and nouȝt of vyneȝerdes. c1450Mirk's Festial 66 A husband⁓man..hyryd men to his vyneȝorde for labour. 1483Caxton G. de la Tour f vj, A good man..whiche had an Aker of a vine yerd. 1535Coverdale Job xxiv. 6 They..gather the grapes out of his vynyarde, whom they haue oppressed by violence. c1585[R. Browne] Answ. Cartwright 45 Where no yarde is, there may be vynes growing, but there can bee no vineyarde. 1610Holland Camden's Brit. 171 There is a right learned man that feareth lest hee have inconsideratly put this down in writing, as if this land were unfit for vineyards. 1661J. Childrey Brit. Bacon. 71 This Shire is very full of Vineyards. 1693Evelyn De la Quint. Compl. Gard. II. 73 The good Grapes, which Compose part of our Gard'ning, and the common Grapes that grow in Vineyards. 1756–7tr. Keysler's Trav. (1760) IV. 449 The vineyards begin to bear two years after their planting; and continue in heart fifty or sixty years. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. IV. 211 When they [baboons] set about robbing an orchard or a vineyard,..they do not go singly to work. 1832G. Downes Lett. Cont. Countries I. 218 We sought the elevated Cathedral, which stands without the town in the midst of vineyards. 1840Hood Up Rhine 162, I was rather disappointed at Bonn, by the first sight of what sounds so poetically, a vineyard. 1878Emerson Misc., Fort. Republic Wks. (Bohn) III. 387 The wine merchant has..also, I fear, his debts to the chemist as well as to the vineyard.
b. fig. A sphere of action or labour, esp. of an elevated or spiritual character.
Chiefly in allusion to passages of the New Testament, as Matt. xx. 1 and xxi. 28, 40.
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xxvii. (Machor) 1293 Trawale þarfor all thi mycht in goddis wyne-ȝarde for to vyne feile folk þat bundine ar with syne. c1380Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. I. 98 Þis housbonde is God, and þis vyneȝerde is his Chirche. 1555Eden Decades (Arb.) 51 This noble and Catholyke prince..whom God raysed for a Capitayne..vnder whose banner they myght ouercome theyr enemies and pourge his vineyarde from suche wycked weedes. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. II. 467 Mr. Ninian..was a faithful labourer in the Lordes vinȝard, ernist, and bissie. 1618Baret (title), An Hipponomie; or the Vineyard of Horsemanship deuided into Three Bookes. 1628in Foster Eng. Factories India (1909) III. 295 Their principall merchants and factors, who are indeed the true labourers of their viniard, and th' other, if rightlie considred, no other then carriers. 1702Clarendon's Hist. Reb. I. Pref. p. xviii, Every Man..that had laboured all the heat of the day in the Vine-yard..was not..recompenced immediately according to their Merit. 1771Smollett Humph. Cl., To Sir W. Phillips 10 June, The vineyard of methodism lies before you. 1791Hampson Mem. Wesley III. 110 The assiduity of the labourers in this vineyard was the chief visible cause of their success. 1804Med. Jrnl. XII. 12 Sincerely wishing you success in your labours in the vine⁓yard of humanity. 1905G. Thorne Lost Cause x, The League 'll go safe enough, there'll always be labourers in the vineyard.
¶c. = vinea. Obs.—1
1650R. Stapylton Strada's Low C. Wars ix. 58 The pioners, working under long and thick boards, in the form of a Tortois, covered with raw hides to secure them from Granadoes (anciently called Vineyards, and Galleries) to enter the ditch.
2. attrib. and Comb., as vineyard-culture, vineyard-dresser, vineyard-ground, etc.; † vineyard leek, a wild species of leek.
1562Turner Herbal ii. 102 The wild or wynyard leke is more hurtfull for the stomack then the comon leke. 1577tr. Bullinger's Decades (1592) 1121 The ministers of the Church are sometime called souldiers or vineyard-keepers. 1636Prynne Unbish. Tim. (1661) 111 Like as an higher place is made for the Vineyardkeeper, to keep the Vineyard, so an higher place also is made for the Bishops. a1704T. Brown Declam. Def. Gaming Wks. (1709) III. 146 Bacchus was made a God, a Vine-yard-keeper [etc.]. 1731P. Miller Gard. Dict. s.v. Vitis, I have seen in one Place in this Vineyard-Plot great Pieces of old Vines replanted after the aforesaid manner. 1733Tull Horse-Hoeing Husb. (title-page), A Method of introducing a Sort of Vineyard-Culture into the Corn-Fields. Ibid. vii. 62 Without which they could not give it [sc. corn] the Vineyard-Hoeing. 1753Chambers' Cycl. Suppl. s.v. Porrum, The wild vineyard leek. c1820S. Rogers Italy (1839) 41 As I rambled through thy vineyard-ground. Ibid. 223 When on a vineyard-hill we lay concealed. 1848Clough Amours de Voy. ii. 122 And we believe we discern some lines of men descending Down through the vineyard-slopes. 1849K. H. Digby Compitum II. 361 Pope Urban I should be painted with grapes and a vine, being the patron of vineyardmen. 1884Knight Dict. Mech. Suppl. 928/1 A French double vineyard plow.
Hence ˈvineyarded, a., enclosed as a vineyard; covered with vineyards; ˈvineyarding, the cultivation of vineyards; vine-growing; ˈvineyardist, one who engages in vine-growing.
1820Keats Isabella xvii, In that land inspired, Paled in and *vineyarded from beggar-spies. 1886F. Caddy Footsteps Jeanne D'Arc 83 One now walks from the train to the town by the side of vineyarded hill-slopes.
1870Congregationalist 19 May (Cent.), Profits of *vineyarding in California.
1848Rep. Comm. Patents 1847 (U.S.) 199 A French wine maker and *vineyardist..from Kentucky. 1868Rep. U.S. Comm. Agric. (1869) 267 The necessity of depending mainly upon professional vine⁓yardists. 1897L. H. Bailey Princ. Fruit-growing 291 Careful vineyardists are able to continue the practice [of girdling] year after year without apparent injury to the vine.
Add: ˈVineyarder n. U.S., a native or inhabitant of the island of Martha's Vineyard, Mass.
1851H. Melville Moby Dick I. xxviii. 193 Three better, more likely sea-officers and men..could not readily be found, and they were every one of them Americans; a Nantucketer, a Vineyarder, a Cape man. 1987Sci. Amer. Mar. 15/3 Most of the deaf Vineyarders shared three early colonists as ancestors. |