| 释义 |
▪ I. indemnity1|ɪnˈdɛmnɪtɪ|
Also 5–7 indempn-, 6 indimn-; 5–6 -te, 6–7 -tie.
[a. F. indemnité (1367 in Hatz.-Darm.), ad. late L. indemnitās, -tātem, n. of condition f. indemnis indemn.
The order of the senses is obscure; an early use of sense 3, otherwise unexemplified, appears in 3 c.]
1. Security or protection against contingent hurt, damage, or loss; safety. spec. (see quot. 1834).
1467Paston Lett. No. 575 II. 307, I entende noon other but in als meche as in me is to se your indempnyte. 1533More Debell. Salem Wks. 970/1 Vpon complaint made to the kynge and hys counsayle..thei would prouide sufficiently for thindemnity of the wytnes in that behalfe. 1548Hall Chron., Edw. IV, 216 The citiezens..began maturely to consult, what parte they should folow for their most indempnite. 1642in Clarendon Hist. Reb. iv. §164 The Indemnity of the Rights and Priviledges of Parliament. 1681J. Flavel Righteous Mans Refuge 208 Gods unchangeableness is his peoples indempnity. 1796Burke Regic. Peace iv. Wks. IX. 61 They assure you..that they will give you nothing in the name of indemnity or security, or for any other purpose. 1834MacCulloch Dict. Commerce I. 682 Indemnity is where one person secures another from responsibility against any particular event. 1858Ld. St. Leonards Handy-Bk. Prop. Law xxi. 148 You will, of course, be entitled to an indemnity against any demand which still binds you; for example, future rent under a lease to the testator. 1879Lubbock Addr. Pol. & Educ. viii, 148 Insurance ought to be a contract of indemnity.
2. A legal exemption from the penalties or liabilities incurred by any course of action.
1670Cotton Espernon i. iii. 122 An indempnity, and oblivion of all pass'd unkindnesses. 1703Duke of Queensberry in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. ii. IV. 238 To secure their friends there would be a General Indemnity past. 1761Hume Hist. Eng. I. ix. 201 All his vassals who had entered into confederacy with Richard, should receive an indemnity for the offence. 1767Blackstone Comm. II. xxxi. 483 Besides this allowance, he has also an indemnity granted him, of being free and discharged for ever from all debts owing by him at the time he became a bankrupt; even though judgment shall have been obtained against him. a1862Buckle Civiliz. (1869) III. iii. 145 Receiving beforehand an indemnity for every excess.
b. Act (or Bill) of Indemnity, an act of Parliament or other authority granting exemption from the penalties attaching to any unconstitutional or illegal proceeding. Also fig.
Such an act used, previously to the general act of 31 & 32 Vict., c. 72 §16, to be passed annually for the relief of those who had failed to take the necessary oaths of office. In Eng. Hist. the term is specifically applied to the Acts of 1660 and 1690, exempting those who had taken arms or acted against Charles II and William III respectively, from the penal consequences of their former deeds.
1647Fuller Good Th. in Worse T. (1841) 106 So shall I have an act of indemnity before he can enter his action against me. 1648D. Jenkins Wks. 79 The Army by an Act of Indemnity free themselves from all those dangers, which an Ordinance can no more do then repeale all the Lawes of the Land. 1672Marvell Reh. Transp. i. 94 He therefore carried the Act of Oblivion and Indempnity thorow. 1793Burke Rem. Policy Allies Wks. 1842 I. 603 A valuable friend..asked me what I thought of acts of general indemnity and oblivion, as a means of settling France. 1827Hallam Const. Hist. (1876) III. xv. 112 They retained the bill of indemnity in the commons. 1836H. Coleridge North. Worthies (1852) I. 19 The Act of Indemnity and the trial of the regicides transpired before the commencement of the correspondence.
3. Compensation for loss or damage incurred; indemnification.
1793Ld. Auckland Corr. (1861) III. 13 The reasonableness of furnishing some indemnity to the Dutch by the cession of Lillo and Leifenshock. 1825Bentham Ration. Rew. 138 When an individual is only indemnified, he is not rewarded: reward..begins when indemnity is complete. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. ii. I. 157 The Cavaliers very naturally demanded indemnity for all that they had suffered.
b. A sum paid by way of compensation.
1872Yeats Growth Comm. 216 The vigour of Cromwell eventually compelled the Dutch to pay an indemnity of 1,000,000 guilders. 1876Fawcett Pol. Econ. (ed. 5) i. iv. 32 Within four years, France had to pay to Germany a war indemnity of {pstlg}240,000,000.
†c. spec. (in early use). A payment made to the archdeacon in compensation for the loss of his induction money, and also to the bishop in lieu of his institution fees, when a church was impropriated to an abbey or college. Obs.
1542–3Act 34 & 35 Hen. VIII, c. 19 §1 Diuers pencions, porcions, corrodies, indimnities, sinodies, proxies and other profites. 1545Instr. to Cromwell in Cott. MS. Cleop. F. 1 lf. 85 Pensions or Indemnities be thes, whan a churche is Impropered to an abbay or a coleage, then the Archedeacon for euer lesithe his induction money, and in recompens of that he shall haue yerly oute of the saide benefice so Improperede xijd. or ijs. for a yerly pension more or lesse..euyn so episcopus conseruatur Indemnis and hathe a lyke pension for his Indemnitie, in the lewe of his Institucion.
4. attrib., as indemnity bill, indemnity loan, indemnity money.
1818Gen. Hist. in Ann. Reg. 36/1 The third reading of the indemnity bill occurred on March 5th. 1867Homeward Mail 16 Nov. 954/2 The indemnity money paid after the destruction of the Old Factory gardens. 1897Daily News 17 Sept. 5/7 The Powers, it is believed, will guarantee the indemnity loan.
▪ II. † inˈdemnity2 Obs. rare.
Also 6 endemnitee.
[ad. OF. indampnité (1433 in Hatz.-Darm.), f. in- (in-2) + L. damnum loss, damage; for the vowel cf. indemnify v.2]
Damage, hurt, injury.
1556J. Heywood Spider & F. xxxi. 12 Which growth..of kinred, not of enmitee, Did I (in you) by ingrate endemnitee Doute here:..I were a beaste. c1629Layton Syon's Plea To Rdr., We doe not read of greater Persecution, higher indignitie and Indemnity done upon Gods People..than in this our Iland. |