| 释义 |
vicegerent, n. and a.|vaɪsˈdʒɪərənt|
Also 6 vitz-, 7 vize-gerent.
[ad. med.L. vicegerent-, vicegerens, f. L. vicem (acc.) stead, place, office, etc., and gerens, pres. pple. of gerĕre to carry, hold. So F. vicegérent (also -gérant), It., Sp., Pg. vicegerente. The hyphen, formerly not uncommon, is now rarely used in this and the preceding words.]
A. n.
1. A person appointed by a king or other ruler to act in his place or exercise certain of his administrative functions.
1536Cromwell in Merriman Life & Lett. (1902) II. 26 Thomas Crumwell..keper of the privey Seale of our said soueraigne Lorde the king and vitzgerent to the same for..all his Jurisdiction ecclesiasticall within this Realme. 1538Ibid. 151, I Thomas lorde Crumwell,..Vice-gerent to the kynges said highnes. 1545Act 37 Hen. VIII, c. 17 Censures ecclesiasticall made by your Highnes and your Vicegerent, officialls, commissaries, and Judges and visitators. 1593R. Harvey Philad. 1 Mordred Arthurs kinsman being appointed Vicegerent in his royalty, gaue great giftes..to Cerdrick a Saxon. 1606G. W[oodcocke] Hist. Ivstine vi. 30 Lysander whome Agesilaus appointed his Vize-gerent the time of his absence. 1651N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. ii. xv. (1739) 79 It hath therefore been the ancient course of Kings of this Nation, to constitute Vice-gerents in their absence. 1733Swift On Poetry Wks. 1755 IV. i. 198 Now sing the minister of state,..Thou great vicegerent of the king [etc.]. 1788Gibbon Decl. & F. lvii. V. 671 He was trusted by the sultan as the faithful vice⁓gerent of his power. 1838Thirlwall Greece II. xiv. 194 His vicegerent was at first willing to resign his authority. 1878Stubbs Const. Hist. III. xviii. 95 He intended..Gloucester to act as his vicegerent in England.
b. In general sense: One who takes the place of another in the discharge of some office or duties.
1549Coverdale, etc. Erasm. Par. Tim. i. 3 b, I left the there euen as my selfe, to haue the autoritie as a notable vicegerent in so excellent and so paynefull an office. 1641Baker Chron., Eliz. 24 The Governours of Ireland..were at first called Iustices,..afterwards, Lievtenants, and their Vice-gerents were called Deputies. 1683Brit. Spec. 114 [His] Vice-gerent was the Vicar General of Britain, honored with the Title Spectabilis. 1773Observ. State Poor 47 The humanity and generosity of some of these parochial vice⁓gerents, the farmers or managers of workhouses. 1781Gibbon Decl. & F. xvii. (1787) II. 38 These prerogatives were reserved to the præfects..: their vicegerents were confined to the trifling weight of a few ounces. 1851Hussey Papal Power iii. 130 For what respect will be thought due to the vicegerents of the holy apostle St. Peter if what they ordain..be undone. 1868M. Pattison Academ. Org. iv. 109 There is in all cases, a vice-gerent, who in the absence of the head exercises his powers.
c. A ruler or commander of a country, etc., in virtue of deputed power.
1577Holinshed Chron. II. 482/1 Herewith he [Richard I] dothe commaunde them also to obey Robert Earle of Leycester, whome he appointed..as his Lieutenant or vice⁓gerent of those parties during his absence. 1589Greene Tullies Love Wks. (Grosart) VII. 117 The Romanes had made mee Vicegerente of their forces. c1610Women Saints 151 Aspasius the vicegerent of Rome. 1786Burke Art. agst. W. Hastings Wks. 1842 II. 208 The said Mogul has been obliged to declare the head of the Mahratta state to be vicegerent of the Mogul empire.
2. Applied to rulers and magistrates as representatives of the Deity.
Frequent in the 17th century.
1547–64Baldwin Mor. Philos. (Palfr.) 74 Princes, being by God put in authority, are His vice-gerents, and should therefore require obedience. 1561T. Norton Calvin's Inst. iv. xx. (1634) 735 If they [the Magistrates] remember that they bee the vicegerents of God. 1595W. C[lerke] Polimanteia C iv b, This likewise is the cause why the Prince is tearmed Gods Vicegerent vpon earth. 1641Milton Ch. Govt. v. Wks. 1851 III. 114 We acknowledge that the civill magistrate weares an autority of Gods giving, and ought to be obey'd as his vicegerent. 1681Dryden Abs. & Achit. To Rdr., God is infinitely merciful; and his Vicegerent is only not so, because he is not Infinite. 1700J. A. Astry tr. Saavedra-Faxardo I. 230 The same has place in Princes, who are God's Vicegerents in Temporals. 1710Prideaux Orig. Tithes ii. 120 All Governours of Nations being Gods Vicegerents, they are bound in all things to order their Government so as will best agree with the will of him. 1840Thackeray Paris Sk.-Bk. (ed. 2) II. 274 ‘Dieu seul est grand,’ said courtly Massillon; but next to him, as the prelate thought, was certainly Louis, his vicegerent here upon earth.
b. Applied to priests, and spec. to the Pope, as representatives of God or Christ.
1572R. T. Discourse 49 Hee onely is Antichrist that fayneth himself to do all that Christ can doo, to bee his vicegerent in earth, to sit in his place. 1593in J. Morris Troub. Cath. Forefathers Ser. iii. (1877) 130 Unto all which things the jurisdiction and authority of the Pope, Christ's Vicar and Vicegerent, did extend. 1660Milton Free Commw. Wks. 1851 V. 432 All Protestants hold that Christ in his Church hath left no Vicegerent of his Power. 1678Marvell Growth Popery Wks. 1875 IV. 255 The Pope..does persecute those to the death who dare worship the Author of their Religion instead of his pretended Vice⁓gerent. 1737Challoner Cath. Chr. Instr. (1753) 81 The Priest that officiates in the Mass officiates as Christ's Vice⁓gerent. 1841Card. Wiseman in E. Purcell Life A. P. de Lisle (1900) I. xiii. 285 Let me know that the Vicegerent of Xt. approves of my course,..and I shall not care for all the world. 1873H. Rogers Orig. Bible ii. (1875) 78 Moses..did not affect to be, like..the Pope, the visible representative and vicegerent of God.
transf.1624Gataker Transubst. 96 They say it to Christ, whose deputie and vicegerent the Image there is.
c. Similarly applied to man in general or in some special respect; also (b) to nature, the sun, conscience, etc.
(a)1601Sir W. Cornwallis Disc. Seneca (1631) Mm viij, That this confusion is incident to our liues, is our owne fault, since the disorders of a state belongeth to..the Gouernors of a state; so this to man who is Vicegerent of the earth. 1626Jackson Creed viii. x. 93 Our first parents being Gods vicegerents here on earth, Lords of all his visible creatures. 1654Whitlock Zootomia 344 Indifferently bent to the Continuance of it, or change; as God, and his Vice-gerents, her Parents shall think fit. 1845Encycl. Metrop. II. 561 [A Deity who] communicates to men a knowledge..of his purposes that they may be his vicegerents in executing them. 1861J. A. Alexander Gosp. Jesus Christ xxxix. 521 A proof of man's original formation in God's image, and his original vestiture with delegated power as God's vicegerent.
(b)1646H. P. Medit. Seige 76 Nature (God's great vice⁓gerent). 1676Sir M. Hale Contempl. ii. 82 God Almighty hath substituted the Soul of Man, as his Deputy or Vice⁓gerent in that Province which is committed to him. 1681J. Flavel Meth. Grace xxxiii. 556 Conscience,..that noble power, God's vicegerent in the soul. 1794G. Adams Nat. & Exp. Philos. (1806) II. xxi. 415 When the sun is said to rule the day,..what else can be understood but that he acts as a vicegerent. 1821Shelley Hellas Prol. 142 Thou Destiny;..Go, thou Vicegerent of my will, no less Than of the Father's. 1835Miss Sedgwick Linwoods iv, Let man beware how he wilfully or carelessly perverts and blinds God's vicegerent, conscience. 1860Pusey Min. Proph. 192 They dethroned righteousness, the representative and vice⁓gerent of God, and made it rest on the ground. 1881C. A. Young Sun i. (1882) 12 It has been reserved for more modern times..to show clearly just how..the sun himself [is] the symbol and vicegerent of the Deity.
d. Applied to persons as representing some other supernatural or spiritual power.
1588Shakes. L.L.L. i. i. 222 Great Deputie, the Welkins Vicegerent, and sole dominator of Nauar. 1615Heywood Foure Prentises i. xviii, Joves great Vice-gerent over all the world. 1701De Foe Trueborn Eng. i. 17 The List of his [the Devil's] Vice-gerents and Commanders Outdoes your Cæsars or your Alexanders. 1725Pope Odyss. xi. 310 Now in the time's full process forth she brings Jove's dread vicegerents, in two future kings. 1763J. Brown Poetry & Music v. 61 Apollo, the God of Music, was their Author [of oracles]; The Pythia or Priestess was his Vice⁓gerent. 1786tr. Beckford's Vathek (1868) 104 Merciful Prophet! stretch forth thy propitious arms towards thy Vicegerent!
3. A thing which takes the place of another.
1583B. Melbancke Philotimus Cc ij, If my lasie leggs..should deny to make this voiage, my hearte would..substitute my handes to be their vicegerentes. 1871Earle Philol. Eng. Tongue 390 The pronouns are, as their name signifies, words which are the vicegerents of nouns.
4. A vicarious bearer of sorrow. rare—1.
1594Southwell M. Magd. Funeral Teares (1823) 73 All creatures..leaving me as the vicegerent of all their sorrow.
B. adj. (or attrib.).
1. Taking the place, or performing the functions, of another.
1577tr. Bullinger's Decades (1592) 853 The Scripture teacheth that Christ ascended into heauen, and hath established a vicegerent power, to wit, the holie Ghost. 1667Milton P.L. x. 56 But whom send I to judge them? whom but thee Vicegerent Son. 1712Blackmore Creation 355 Next Man arose at thy creating word, Of thy terrestrial realms Vicegerent Lord. 1749Deity 17 But Conscience, fair vicegerent light within, Asserts its author.
2. Characterized by deputed or vicarious power.
1667Milton P.L. v. 609 Under his great Vice-gerent Reign aide [ye],..For ever happie. 1847H. Bushnell Chr. Nurt. ii. v. (1861) 208 The vicegerent office to be maintained, and the gracious ends to be secured, make it indispensable that parents should themselves be living in the Spirit.
Hence viceˈgerentship.
1600O. E. (M. Sutcliffe) Repl. Libel i. vi. 157 Let this Noddy..shew foorth the popes commission eyther for his vicegerentship, or for his pretended apostolicke office. 1646Gillespie Malè Audis 10 The capacity of a Vicegerent, which he hath by his Vicegerentship. Ibid. 35 The two fold Vicegerentship of God and of Christ. |