| 释义 |
including, ppl. a.|ɪnˈkluːdɪŋ|
[f. include v. + -ing2.]
1. That includes, shuts in, encloses, or comprises.
1670G. H. Hist. Cardinals iii. iii. 329 If the Head of the including Faction, offers the Head of the Excluding Party, to assist him at any time, in the Election of one of the Excludents. 1842Manning Serm. (1848) I. xiv. 197 God has given him a moral sight to discern the right as the test, and as the including form of true expediency. 1899Edin. Rev. Apr. 318 The including shafts were masked by ‘pans’ or depressions.
2. Including pres. pple. often governs a n. particularizing a person or thing included in a group previously (or afterwards) mentioned; = Inclusive of.
Syntactically, it may sometimes be viewed as agreeing with the word for the group, e.g. ‘I met a large party including your brothers’; but often it appears to agree with an indefinite pronoun one, we, you, e.g. ‘including [= if we, one, you include] servants, the party will number fourteen’. In the latter construction we have a kind of active of the passive absolute clause ‘servants being included’, or ‘if servants are included’.
1853Ruskin Stones Ven. II. vi, A large body of English landscapists come into this class, including most clever sketchers from nature. 1864Daily Tel. 20 Sept., These premises..were..in the occupation of several other warehousemen, including Mr. T. Tapling.
Hence inˈcludingly adv., inclusively.
c1449Pecock Repr. i. xix. 111 He theryn and therbi biddith includingli and closingli al it to be doon. |