| 释义 |
ventilation|vɛntɪˈleɪʃən|
Also 5 Sc. ventulacioun, 6 ventilacyon.
[a. L. ventilātiōn-, ventilātio (Pliny), an exposing to the air, f. ventilāre ventilate v.; hence also It. ventilazione, F. ventilation, Sp. -acion, Pg. -aƈão.]
I.
†1. A stir or motion of the air; a current of air; a breeze. Obs.
1456Sir G. Hay Gov. Princes Wks. (S.T.S.) II. 158 The ayr passis sa throu the warlde, throu blastis of wyndis, and othir maner of ventulaciounis. 1644Howell Twelve Treat. (1661) 9 Sometimes we have a clear azur'd skie with soft gentle ventilations. 1665Phil. Trans. I. 52 'Tis affirmed that almost any Ventilation and stirring of the Air doth refrigerate. 1716Addison Freeholder No. 40 ⁋4 The Soil..must lie fallow..till it has..again enriched itself by the Ventilations of the Air. 1743S. Hales Descr. Ventilators I. 24 A like Ventilation of warm dry Air from the adjoining Stove.
fig.1643Sir T. Browne Relig. Med. i. §32 Whosoever feels not the warme gale and gentle ventilation of this Spirit [of God] (though I feele his pulse) I dare not say he lives. 1752Johnson Rambler No. 205 ⁋5 The mind that is to be moved by the gentle ventilations of gayety.
2. Movement or free course of the air.
1605Timme Quersit. ii. vii. 138 That renuing is to be attributed to the fire,..the outward ventilation or winding comming between as the instrument. a1682Sir T. Browne Tracts (1683) 44 Upon such consideration of winds and ventilation the ægyptian granaries were made open. 1690T. Burnet Theory Earth II. 55 This present earth..is in most places capable of ventilation, pervious and passable to the winds. 1804C. B. Brown tr. Volney's View Soil U.S. 271 The mercury ranges between 84 and 88 degrees in the shade, where there is ample ventilation. 1813J. Thomson Lect. Inflam. 487 The first of these means that is usually mentioned, is a free ventilation of air. 1883Gresley Gloss. Coal-M. 270 Ventilation, the atmospheric air circulating in a mine.
3.
†a. Oxygenation of the blood, spec. in the act of respiration; = aeration 3. Obs.
1615Crooke Body of Man 121 By ventilation to cherish, refresh and increase his naturall heate with their heat and vitall spirit. 1660Boyle New Exp. Phys. Mech. 350 Another Opinion there is touching Respiration, which makes the genuine use of it to be Ventilation..of the Blood. 1665G. Harvey Disc. Plague xiv. in Morb. Angl. (1673) 144 To procure the Blood and Spirits..a free Course, ventilation, and transpiration, by suitable Purges. 1822–7Good Study Med. (1829) I. 504 The lungs,..in which the air undergoes the important process of ventilation. Ibid. III. 209 The new and unripe blood is hurried forward to the lungs..to be completed by the process of ventilation.
b. The supply of fresh air or oxygen to the lungs (or gills), by the process of breathing or artificially.
1891A. D. Waller Introd. Human Physiol. iv. 136 The bronchus being blocked a portion of the lung is cut off from ventilation. 1919Flack & Hill Textbk. Physiol. xxxii. 284 To facilitate gaseous interchange, the process of breathing or ventilation of the lungs takes place. 1951E. A. Stead in Cecil & Loeb Textbk. Med. (ed. 8) 1052/2 In cardiac failure the increased ventilation..is produced by the reflex stimulation of respiration from the congested lungs and great vessels. 1974Nature 19 Apr. 631/1 Where the patient is being kept ‘alive’ artificially by ventilation the doctor..must decide when the brain has died and when the ventilator has passed the point at which it will invoke any involuntary response in the patient. 1978Sci. Amer. Aug. 95/2 The fish could..wait until an oxygen deficit occurs and then respond by increasing its gill ventilation.
4. a. The admission of a proper supply of fresh air, esp. to a room, building, mine, or other place where the air readily becomes stagnant and vitiated; the means or method by which this is accomplished.
1664Power Exp. Philos. i. 65 We see in wet Hay, how the Spirits..(if they be not cooled and prevented by Ventilation)..break out into a flame also. 1743S. Hales Descr. Ventilators I. 34 This Ventilation will also be of service to preserve..the Timber and Planks of the Hold itself. 1753Scots Mag. Feb. 99/2 Before ventilation, the foul air..became infectious. 1789W. Buchan Dom. Med. (1790) 111 When cleanliness and ventilation are neglected. 1836–41Brande Chem. (ed. 5) 145 The rooms are close and oppressive, because due ventilation is not associated with the admission of the hot air. 1854Poultry Chron. I. 32 Sufficient ventilation to prevent the house becoming too hot or close in summer..must also receive attention. 1889Welch Text Bk. Naval Archit. 131 Pipes..leading from above the upper deck to the compartments requiring ventilation.
fig.1751Johnson Rambler No. 101 ⁋14 The mind stagnates without external ventilation.
b. Const. of (the place ventilated).
1827Gentl. Mag. XCVII. 509 Attention to the construction, ventilation, and cleanliness of prisons. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. 307/1 The steam-jet for the ventilation of mines was used long ago, and then abandoned. 1893Hodges Elem. Photogr. 36 To ensure the efficient ventilation of the dark-room.
c. attrib., as ventilation duct, ventilation-fan, ventilation-pipe, ventilation shaft, etc.
1823in Hebert Engin. & Mech. Encycl. (1837) II. 846 The end of the ventilation-pipe. 1839Ure Dict. Arts 853 The ventilation shaft. 1889Welch Text Bk. Naval Archit. 133 Where..platforms are pierced for ventilation purposes. c1890W. H. Casmey Ventilation 7 We must bring the ventilation-fan to our aid. 1937Discovery Nov. 345/1 The original roof of the Saxon chapel was almost certainly of wood, probably with ventilation ducts or cowls of a shape which may have suggested to the 16th century builders their idea for the dormer roof lights. 1964Listener 12 Nov. 751/2 The claim to carry a ventilation duct across another's property was just as novel as the claim to protection against the weather.
II.
5. The action of fanning or blowing; † the winnowing of corn in this way.
1519W. Horman Vulg. 42 It is no good phisike, that whan a man is sore chafed with heate, for to cole hym with ventilacyon of clothes. 1658Phillips, Ventilation, a fanning, or gathering of winde; also a winnowing of Corn. 1668Wilkins Real Char. 245 Operations belonging to Agriculture, do concern..the grane.., [as] Winnowing, fan, Ventilation. 1743S. Hales Descr. Ventilators I. 97 If it [sc. corn] were afterwards dried by the Ventilation of these Bellows. 1755― in Phil. Trans. XLIX. 316 In several other distillations of a quart at a time, I found the quantity distilled by ventilation to be more than the double of that in the usual way. 1817Kirby & Sp. Entomol. xx. II. 194 These vibrations are so rapid as to render the wings almost invisible. When they are engaged in ventilation, the bees [etc.]. Ibid. 199 Amongst the bees..ventilation goes on even in the depth of winter.
6. fig.
a. Free or open discussion of or debate upon a doctrine, question, or subject of public interest; the action or fact of bringing to public notice in this way.
Freq. c 1645–1660, and from c 1860.
a1614Donne βιαθανατος (1644) 97 The other reasons of Divine Authors..shall have their ventilation in this Distinction. 1651Baxter Inf. Bapt. 19 If the kindled humor had not had a free ventilation in Pulpit and in Press. 1677Gale Crt. Gentiles iv. 392, I shal not now enter on the solemn ventilation and debate of this Antithesis. 1850J. H. Newman Diff. Anglicans 177 Careful ventilation of questions. 1856Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. iii. 205 That the grievances of the nation..should be submitted to a complete ventilation. 1892Photogr. Ann. II. 237 What new aspect of the subject can call for ventilation and publicity in Photography Annual?
†b. The utterance or expression of one's thoughts, etc. Obs.
1615Crooke Body of Man 300 So by the ventilation or skirmish of aduersary opinions the truth comes best to be knowne. a1639Wotton Buckingham in Reliq. (1651) 106 Dr. Mason, whom he layed in a Pallet neer him, for naturall Ventilation of his thoughts.
†c. pl. Windy speculations; vapourings. Obs.—1
1648Lightfoot Horæ Hebr. (1684) II. 611 It would be very tedious to quote their Ventilations about it. |