| 释义 |
implicature, n. Linguistics and Philos.
Brit. |ˈɪmplɪkətʃə|, U.S. |ˈɪmpləkəˌtʃər|
[‹ implicate v. + -ure suffix1; compare -ature suffix.
Introduced by the linguist H. P. Grice (1913–88) in 1967, in a lecture given as one of the 1967–8 William James lectures at Harvard University and first published in 1975.]
The act or an instance of (intentionally) implying a meaning which can be inferred from an utterance in conjunction with its conversational or semantic context, but is neither explicitly expressed nor logically entailed by the statement itself; a meaning that is implied contextually, but is neither entailed logically nor stated explicitly. Esp. in conversational implicature.
1968H. P. Grice in Foundations of Lang. 4 225 What he has implicated may be either conventionally implicated..or non-conventionally implicated (in which case the specification of the implicature falls outside the specification of the conventional meaning of the words used). 1973D. F. Pears in I. Berlin et al. Ess. on J. L. Austin 112 Grice's theory of conversational implicature. 1975H. P. Grice in D. Davidson & G. Harman Logic of Grammar 66/1, I wish to introduce, as a term of art, the verb ‘implicate’, the related nouns ‘implicature’ (cf. ‘implying’) and ‘implicatum’ (cf. what is implied). 1977J. Lyons Semantics II. xiv. 593 Grice distinguishes two kinds of implicature... Whereas a conventional implicature depends upon something additional to what is truth-conditional in the normal (i.e. conventional) meaning of words, a conversational implicature derives from a set of more general conditions which determine the proper conduct of conversation. 1988Internat. Rev. Appl. Linguistics 26 230 Choice of the marked forms—animal, alsatian—calls for special contextual features because they carry implicatures. 1994Lang. in Society 23 210 One means by which the professor ensures the participation of the student is through confirmation checks—such as y'know, right, okay, together with sentence-final rising intonation or sentence-final falling intonation—as conversational implicatures. |