| 释义 |
▪ I. reˈversing, vbl. n.
[f. reverse v.1 + -ing1.]
1. a. The action of the verb, in various senses.
1581Act 23 Eliz. c. 3 §3 Any Writ of Error..for the Reversing of any Fine or Recovery heretofore passed. 1610J. Guillim Heraldry i. viii. (1611) 35 Reuersing is a preposterous manner of location of a Coat-armour, by turning of the whole Escocheon vpside downe, contrary to the vsuall forme of bearing. 1676G. Towerson Decalogue 536 He who so desires..the reversing of the divine institution. 1727–38Chambers Cycl. s.v., Reversing is frequently practised in figurative counterpoint. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xii. III. 202 By the reversing of old attainders, and by new creations, seventeen more Lords..were introduced into the Upper House. 1892E. Scott Dancing 198, I would particularly caution the pupil not to attempt reversing in public until he has thoroughly mastered the art in private.
b. spec. The action of driving a motor vehicle backwards.
1900W. W. Beaumont Motor Vehicles & Motors xiv. 246 The gearing..is for three speeds and reversing. Ibid. xxxi. 539 No reversing gear is provided, the reversing being effected by spur gearing. 1929J. B. Priestley Good Companions i. ii. 67 Miss Trant discovered once again the terrors and dangers of reversing. 1959Motor Manual (ed. 36) vi. 182 Reversing at night can be somewhat difficult.
2. Special Combs.: reversing lamp, reversing light, a light at the rear of a motor vehicle for illumination and to warn that the vehicle is reversing.
1960R. Ireson Penguin Car Handbk. 125 Reversing lamps giving a white light to the rear are standard fittings on some higher priced cars.
1954Motor Manual (ed. 35) xii. 250 A separate switch is provided to control the reversing light, and in some cases this is of normal type under the driver's direct control, but in others it is operated by the movement of the gear lever into the reverse position. 1968Radio Times 28 Nov. 43/1 Not all cars have reversing lights fitted as standard. 1976[see reverse n. 12 a].
▪ II. reˈversing, ppl. a.
[f. as prec. + -ing2.]
1. a. That reverses or causes reversal.
Freq. in technical use, of parts of machinery: see Knight Dict. Mech. (1875) and Lockwood's Dict. Mech., etc. (1888). reversing propeller, a reversible propeller (see reversible a. 1 b).
1804M. Lewis in Orig. Jrnls. Lewis & Clark Expedition (1904) VI. 230 The reversing telescope when employed as the eye-piece gave me a more full..image. a1817Jane Austen Northang. Abb. (1818) II. xv. 320 No unworthy retraction.., no reversing decree of unjustifiable anger, could shake his fidelity. 1864Percy Metall. 709 Reversing rolls have been employed, so that immediately the iron has passed through, the motion of the rolls is reversed. 1870Roscoe Spectrum Anal. (ed. 2) 298 This has been partially accomplished by Zöllner in his reversing spectroscope. 1896Westm. Gaz. 18 Mar. 8/2 During the trip the starboard reversing-gear broke down. 1907F. Strickland Man. Petrol Motors & Motor Cars x. 151 In the small sizes [of marine motor] this is done by having either a reversing propeller or a reversing gear worked with clutches, the engine being always kept running. 1935J. W. Anderson Diesel Engines xv. 347 Small marine engines of 100 or 150 hp. are universally non-reversible. They usually run on the governor and reversing is obtained through reversing propellers in the very small sizes or reverse gears. 1973D. Wright Marine Engines & Boating Mech. xiii. 184 A variable pitch and reversing propeller which will transmit and absorb 3/4 hp per 100 rev/min giving..7½ hp at 1,000 rev/min.
b. reversing layer or reversing stratum, a region of the solar atmosphere above the photosphere, formerly thought to be responsible for bringing about reversal of emission lines in the solar spectrum to absorption lines. Now rare.
1873Proc. Roy. Soc. XXI. 512 Strontium, cadmium,..and uranium would seem..to exist in the solar reversing layer. 1882C. A. Young Sun 83 This atmosphere, containing in gaseous form the substances whose presence is manifested by the dark lines of the ordinary spectrum—the sun's reversing layer, as it is now often called. Ibid. 280 Above the ‘reversing stratum’ lies the scarlet chromosphere. 1926H. N. Russell et al. Astron. I. vii. 196 The reversing layer, extending to a height of a few hundred miles above the photosphere and composed of the vapors of many of the familiar terrestrial elements. This merges gradually into the chromosphere. 1955Sci. Amer. Sept. 194/2 The sun is entirely gaseous... From the outside in, the outer layers are the corona, the chromosphere, the reversing layer and the photosphere. 1974Encycl. Brit. Micropædia II. 908/3 The lower chromosphere was formerly called the reversing layer because it was thought responsible for producing the dark lines of the solar spectrum that appear reversed against the bright continuous spectrum; actually the weak dark lines and bright continuum can be produced in essentially the same regions... The term reversing layer is now seldom used.
2. Of the nature of, characterized by, reversal (of an action, process, etc.).
1878Abney Photogr. (1881) 274 The red rays..have exerted a negative or reversing action on the sensitive plate. 1892Daily News 5 April 7/5 The reversing process necessitated in ordinary engraving.
3. Special collocations: reversing falls, a waterfall or rapid in a narrow sea inlet in which the water flows in opposite directions when the tide is coming in and going out, because of the constricting effect of the narrow inlet; reversing gear, reversing lever = reverse gear, lever s.v. reverse a. and adv. 5 b; reversing mill, a rolling mill used in sheet metal production in which the metal is passed backwards and forwards between the same pair of rolls, which can have their direction of rotation reversed; reversing thermometer, a mercury-in-glass thermometer, normally used to obtain the temperature at depth in the ocean, which can be inverted at a depth and then retains its reading until its orientation is restored.
1910W. O. Raymond River Saint John i. 3 Among the topographical features worthy of note are the remarkable ‘reversing falls’ at its mouth. 1961E. Wahl This Land iv. 271 As the tide continues to rise the water begins to flow upstream and soon it is tumbling over the rock ledges in the opposite direction. This oddity of nature, called the Reversing Falls, has been a great tourist attraction for many years. 1974Encycl. Brit. Macropædia VII. 780/2 The tide range is magnified by the narrowness and shape of the bay, a rise of 46 feet (14 metres) being common in Chigneto Bay and 53 feet (16 metres) in Minas Basin... The rising tide produces a ‘reversing falls’ at the mouth of the Saint John River.
1867Engineering 29 Mar. 300 (heading) Screw reversing gear for locomotive engines. 1904T. H. White Petrol Motors & Motor Cars ii. 108 When applied to an automobile, it is usual to make the reversing gear of a similar design to the slow-speed forward gear. 1972S. H. Henshall Medium & High Speed Diesel Engines for Marine Use xv. 269 A single uni-directional engine with oil operated reversing gear could easily be combined on one lever on the bridge.
1887Engineering 7 Oct. 393/1 A locomotive having an ordinary reversing lever to operate the links. 1925Marine Oil-Engine Handbk. (ed. 6) ix. 76 The shaft (B) and with it the clutch (D) can be moved endways by the reversing lever through the usual double flange and collar.
1888Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin. 285 Reversing mill. 1909Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. LXXX. 15 The capital cost of an electrically driven reversing-mill is greater than that of a steam-driven mill. 1932Iron & Coal Trades Rev. CXXV. 730/1 Our representative had an opportunity of inspecting an 18,000-h.p. (peak) reversing-mill motor... The motor is intended to drive a 3-stand reversing mill. 1967A. H. Cottrell Introd. Metall. xxii. 439 The first rough rolling of such an ingot is done in a cogging mill between large cast iron rolls. This is usually a two-high reversing mill.
1912Murray & Hjort Depths of Ocean v. 217 In 1878 Negretti and Zambra of London constructed a reversing thermometer, which has played a prominent part in physical oceanography. 1928Russell & Yonge Seas xii. 260 A ‘reversing thermometer’ is used, that is one in which there is an S-shaped bend, so that if it be suddenly turned upside down the thread of mercury is broken and a permanent record of the temperature is obtained. The thermometer on reaching the required depth is reversed by means of a weight which slides down the wire and releases a spring catch. 1963G. L. Pickard Descriptive Physical Oceanogr. vi. 89 After corrections..the reversing thermometer yields the temperature to an accuracy of about +0·02 C°. |