| 释义 |
reflector|rɪˈflɛktə(r)|
[f. reflect v. + -or2. Cf. reflecter and mod.F. réflecteur.]
1. One who reflects or meditates. rare.
1665Boyle Occas. Refl. Disc. Occ. Medit. (1848) 53 In that which we suppose our Reflector now considering. 1790T. Wilkinson Mem. IV. 132 By which means [sc. comparing cast lists of 1747 and 1789] the unprejudiced reflector may draw a fair conclusion. 1921W. C. Booth Rhetoric of Fiction i. vi. 157 It was not until authors had discovered the full uses of the third-person reflector that they could effectively show a narrator changing as he narrates.
†2. One who casts reflections; a censor, critic.
1688in Somers Tracts (1748) I. 304 Had he been a Foreigner, as our Reflector terms him, it might have looked like an intended Conquest. 1748Richardson Clarissa lxxxvii. (1768) VII. 327 Mighty generous, I said,..in such insolent reflectors.
3. A reflecting telescope, microscope, etc.
1767Michell in Phil. Trans. LVII. 261 To obtain such a pencil, we must not make use of a refracting telescope..of less than 15 inches, nor a reflector of less than nearly two feet aperture. 1794G. Adams Nat. & Exp. Philos. I. xxii. 471 No reflector was heard of for near half a century after [Newton's]. 1837Goring & Pritchard Microgr. 15 [Reflecting Engiscope.] A clasp of diaphragms to be applied to the tube of reflectors itself. 1868Lockyer Guillemin's Heavens (ed. 3) 485 Telescopes, both refractors and reflectors, are eagerly sought after.
4. a. A body or surface which reflects (rays of) light, heat, sound, etc.; spec. in Geol., a stratum or interface that reflects seismic waves.
1800Henry Epit. Chem. (1808) 30 Metals, therefore, are much better reflectors [of heat] than glass. 1863J. G. Murphy Comm., Gen. i. 16–19 The full-orbed reflector of the solar beams, as she is during the night. 1879O. N. Rood Chromatics 12 As a general thing polished metallic surfaces are the best reflectors of light. 1933Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists XVII. 258 The geologic section contains many strata which act as good reflectors of wave energy. 1952C. H. Dix Seismic Prospecting for Oil xi. 217 In areas where the reflectors are almost planes with small dip and small variations of dip, the reflections carry across the records with little change in character or amplitude. 1965Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists XLIX. 352/1 Lateral continuity of these reflectors appears to be large compared to those within the..aprons and sea fans of the basins. 1978Nature 29 June 744/1 The tilt of the terraces parallels a northwards dip of subsurface reflectors toward a sedimentary basin off Hudson Strait.
b. spec. A specially prepared surface of metal or glass (usually of a curved or concave form), for the purpose of reflecting rays of light or heat in a required direction. Also, something designed to reflect other forms of radiation (as radio waves or neutrons); e.g. part of a nuclear reactor designed to reflect escaping neutrons back into the core.
1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) X. 54/2 The effect of these [lamp-lights] may be increased by placing them.. before properly disposed glass or metal reflectors. 1801Ibid. Suppl. II. 395/2 Reflector for a lighthouse is composed of a number of square plane glass mirrors. 1826Kirby & Sp. Entomol. l. IV. 519 Cause a lanthorn to be made with a concave back, and furnished with a reflector. c1860Faraday Forces Nat., Electric Light 153 At Teignmouth, some of the revolving lights have ten lamps and reflectors. 1897Strand Mag. Mar. 277/1 How far have you sent a telegraphic despatch on the air?.. Did you use a reflector? 1909Proc. R. Soc. A. LXXXII. 496 The zinc sulphide screen S..was fixed behind the lead plate P, in such a position that no α-particles could strike it directly. When a reflector was placed in the position RR at about 1 cm. from the end of the tube, scintillations were at once observed. 1923E. W. Marchant Radio Telegr. & Telephony i. 11 The strength of the signal received, when reflectors were used, was estimated to be about 200 times as great as when there were no reflectors. 1943Gloss. Terms Telecomm. (B.S.I.) 66 A passive aerial placed behind an active aerial is usually called a reflector. 1945Chemical Age 27 Oct. 390/1 And the escape of neutrons from the system can be reduced (relatively) by increasing the size of the system, and by a reflector (e.g., a layer of graphite). 1958Times 1 July 7/3 It consists of an arrangement of enriched reactor fuel in ordinary water and will be used to investigate..the use of different materials as ‘reflectors’ (to reflect neutrons, which might otherwise escape, back into the core). 1977N. Freeling Gadget i. 21 Cast a near-crit mass... Put a high-class reflector round it. 1978Nature 9 Feb. 497/3 Chain reaction is unlikely, since the mass of uranium used in such satellites is normally subcritical, and special methods, e.g. a reflector, must be used to keep sufficient neutrons within it to maintain a chain reaction.
c. A piece of reflective material, now commonly a red disc, mounted at the rear of a vehicle or by the roadside so as to show its presence by reflecting the light from headlights.
1909Cyclist Touring Club Gaz. Dec. 544/1 If a rearward indication is considered desirable, the Lea Reflex reflector and lens does everything needful... It throws back the light of the overtaking vehicle in a red glow through a wide angle. 1931Highway Code 13 If you do not use a red rear lamp remember to keep your red reflector clean and properly fixed. 1962Which? Car Suppl. Oct. 133/1 We checked the position of all lamps and reflectors. 1972A. Price Colonel Butler's Wolf vii. 68 ‘He came directly down the road... His headlight 'ud pick up the first of the reflectors. Even my bicycle light picks 'em up.’.. ‘Then supposing a car came round the corner as he was approaching it—could it have cut off the reflectors and then blinded him?’ ‘Mmmm—it could have, I suppose—but it would have lit 'em all up first and warned him there was a corner here.’ 1978Highway Code 35 Make sure your cycle is safe to ride. At night you must have front and rear lamps and a rear reflector.
5. a. A polished surface exhibiting images of objects; also spec. (see quot. 1894).
1831Brewster Nat. Magic vi. (1833) 147 Where or what the reflector could be which exhibited this image, I cannot conceive. 1839G. Bird Nat. Philos. 300 The images of the objects placed between the reflectors are seen most beautifully arranged when the latter form an angle, which is an even aliquot part of a circle. 1894Westm. Gaz. 23 Apr. 3/1 Sometimes..the sharper..has recourse to..‘reflectors’. These are exceedingly well-made little instruments..used to ‘reflect’..the cards held by the players.
fig.1837H. Martineau Soc. Amer. III. 32 The children are such faithful reflectors of this spirit as to leave no doubt of its existence, even amidst the nicest operations of cant.
b. spec. The speculum of a reflecting telescope.
1815J. Smith Panorama Sc. & Art I. 492 [Gregorian Telescope.] At the bottom of the tube..is placed the large concave reflector. 1871Roscoe Elem. Chem. 185 An alloy of 33 parts of tin to 67 of copper..is known as speculum-metal and employed for the reflectors of telescopes.
6. That which reflects, in other senses.
1840Penny Cycl. XVI. 153/1 They..lose themselves in its central grey matter—the recipient and reflector of the impressions which they convey.
Hence reˈflectored a., of a lamp: fitted with a reflecting surface or surfaces.
1916A. Bennett These Twain xix. 429 The glittering light of the latest triple-jetted and reflectored gas-lamps which the corporation..had placed in Crown Square. 1978Amer. N. & Q. Dec. 65/2 Pierre Patte's early advocacy of reflectored lights in the auditorium. |