| 释义 |
valonia|væˈləʊnɪə|
Also 9 vallonia; 8 valanea, 9 -onea; 9 velonia, -ea.
[ad. It. vallonía, vallonéa, whence also F. vallonée, velonnée, † velonie (1553), ad. mod.Gr. βαλάνια, βελάνια, pl. of βαλάνι, βελάνι acorn (anc. Gr. βάλανος).]
1. The large acorn-cups and acorns of Quercus ægilops (and the related Q. vallonea), a species of oak growing esp. in the north-eastern Mediterranean regions, valued for the abundant tannin they contain, and much used in tanning, dyeing, etc.
α1722Lond. Gaz. No. 6040/6 Red Saunders, Shumack, Sticklack, Turnsole, Valonia. Ibid. 7 Valonia the Tun Weight, seven Pounds. 1812J. Smyth Pract. of Customs (1821) 266 Valonia is a dying ingredient, brought from Italy and the Levant. It is the husks of the acorn, generally mixed with that fruit. 1852C. Morfit Tanning & Currying (1853) 82 The leather made with valonia is said to be firmer and heavier than the oak-tanned. 1889Daily News 12 Nov. 5/6 Another day, while I was collecting vallonia, I was assaulted by four soldiers.
β1775R. Chandler Trav. Asia M. (1825) I. 27 The species of low oak, which produces valanea, or the large acorns used in tanning. Ibid. 124 The Valanea, or large acorns,..are exported, chiefly to Italy. 1867Simmonds Dict. Trade s.v., In 1862, there were imported 29,720 tons of valonea. 1898Zangwill Dreamers Ghetto iv. 116 Hard-headed Sephardim were busy..shipping freights of figs or valonea.
γc1835Encycl. Metrop. (1845) XXIII. 743 The acorns..are extensively used by dyers by the name of Velonea. 1849Balfour Man. Bot. §1039. 1866 Treas. Bot. 1202/1.
b. attrib. and Comb.
1862Catal. Internat. Exhib., Brit. II. No. 4628, Oak bark and valonia tanned leather. 1903Brighton Stand. 27 Oct. 9/3 A..clerk in the hide and valonia business.
2. valonia oak, the Levantine species Quercus ægilops. Also ellipt.
1829Loudon Encycl. Plants 796 Velonia Oak. 1830Lindley Nat. Syst. Bot. 98 A species known in the Levant under the name of Velonia. 1841Penny Cycl. XIX. 214/2 Q. ægilops, Great prickly-cupped Oak, or Valonia. 1892A. M. Clerke Fam. Stud. Homer vi. 153 The tradition of acorn-eating connected with the rustic Arcadians applied evidently to the fruit of the valonia-oak. |