| 释义 |
▪ I. ice, n.|aɪs|
Forms: 1–3 ís, 3 ys, (isse), 3–6 yse, 4 ijs, iys(e, yss, 4–5 ysz, yise, 4–7 ise, (5 hyse, 6 Sc. ische), 5–7 yce, 5– ice.
[Com. Teut.: OE. ís, OFris., OLG., OHG. (MDu., MHG.) îs (Du. ijs, Ger. eis), ON. íss (Sw., Da. is):—OTeut. *īso-. There are no certain cognates outside Teutonic.]
I.
1. a. Frozen water; water rendered solid by exposure to a low temperature.
Beowulf (Z.) 1608 Hit eal ᵹemealt ise ᵹelicost. a1000Boeth. Metr. xxviii. 59 Hwa wundrað þæs..hwy þæt is mæᵹe weorðan of wætere. c1000Ags. Ps. (Th.) cxlviii. 8 Fyr, forst, hæᵹel and ᵹefeallen snaw, is and yste. c1175Lamb. Hom. 43 Þe forme wes swnan [? snaw], þat oðer is. c1250Gen. & Ex. 99 Ðe firmament..Of watres froren, of yses wal ðis middel werld it luket al; May no fir ȝet melten ðat ys. 1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 6644 It suld frese and turne al in-til yse þar. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xiv. 65 Þe frost and þe ysz es mykill harder þare þan here. c1440Promp. Parv. 258/1 Ice, glacies. 1567J. Maplet Gr. Forest 5 b, Isidore saith, that it [Cristall] is nothing else then a congeled Ise. 1620T. Granger Div. Logike 128 Colder then yce. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) I. 180 Ice, which is water in another state, is very elastic. 1878Huxley Physiogr. 62 Ice is in fact crystalline, while snow is crystallized. 1883Howells Register i, My feet are like ice.
b. With pl.: A mass or piece of ice.
c900tr. Bæda's Hist. v. xii[i.]. (1890) 436 Þæm sticcum halfbrocenra iisa. 1388Wyclif Dan. iii. 70 Yces and snowis [L. glacies et nives] blesse ȝe the Lord. 1796H. Hunter tr. St.-Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) I. p. xxviii, We shall treat..of the sources of the Atlantic, of it's ices,..of it's currents, of it's tides. 1823Scoresby Whale Fishery 219 These ices or glaciers, evidently give rise to the numerous floating bergs. 1875Wond. Phys. World ii. iii. 246 Sometimes these ices offered but a level uniform sheet.
2. a. the ice: the layer of ice on a river, lake, sea, etc.; the frozen surface of a body of water.
[c900tr. Bæda's Hist. iii. i[i.]. (1890) 156 Þa eode he sume neahte on ise unwærlice. ]1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 9511 Me miȝte boþe ride & go In Temese vpe þe yse. c1394P. Pl. Crede 436 His wyf walked him wiþ..Barfote on þe bare ijs. 1473J. Warkworth Chron. 3 Ther was ane fervent froste..that menne myght goo overe the yise. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 619 Or euir tha wist on Forres loch tha ran, Wnder the ische syne drownit thair ilkman. 1694Acc. Sev. Late Voy. ii. (1711) 42 In the Spring the Whales are in..the West Ice, as they call it. 1820Scoresby Acc. Arctic Reg. I. 266 Separation between the east or whaling, and west or sealing ice of the fishers. 1850Lyell Princ. Geol. vii. (ed. 8) 99 Captain Cook was of opinion that the ice of the antarctic predominated over that of the arctic region.
b. to break the ice: to make a passage for boats, etc. by breaking the frozen surface of a river, lake, etc.; fig. to make a beginning in some undertaking or enterprise (cf. to break ground); to prepare the way for others (cf. quot. 1590); in modern usage, to break through cold reserve or stiffness.
1579–80North Plutarch (1676) 89 To be the first to break the Ice of the Enterprize. 1590Swinburne Testaments Epil., The authour therefore in aduenturing to breake the yse to make the passage easie for his countrymen, failing sometimes of the fourd, and falling into the pit, may seeme worthie to be pitied. 1646J. Cooke Vind. Prof. Law To Rdr., I have attempted to break the Ice in a subject concerning reformation in Courts of Justice. 1678Butler Hud. iii. ii. 494 The Oratour..At last broke silence, and the Ice. 1741Richardson Pamela (1824) I. ix. 246 You see..that I break the ice, and begin first in the indispensably expected correspondence between us. 1823Byron Juan xiii. xxxviii, And your cold people are beyond all price, When once you've broken their confounded ice. 1893Earl Dunmore Pamirs I. 226 The ice being thus broken, Ching Dolai put aside the reserve habitual to all Celestials.
c. Phrases. on ice: (a) kept out of the way until wanted, in reserve; in custody, in prison; (b) of a venture, game, etc.: sure of being achieved or won, a certainty; to cut no ice: to carry no weight, to fail to impress; hence to cut ice: to impress, to make an effect.
1890A. C. Gunter Miss Nobody xx. 231 For Election. Gussie de P. Van Beekman... On ice! 1894P. L. Ford Hon. Peter Stirling 328 They say she's never been able to find a man good enough for her, and so she's keeping herself on ice. 1895J. S. Wood Yale Yarns 12 Such speeches! Eloquence cut no ice at that dinner. 1897Scribner's Mag. Sept. 305/1 And it don't cut no ice with you whether folks call you inconsistent or not. 1916J. Buchan Greenmantle ix. 117 Because the German mercantile marine was laid on ice till the end of the war, they had turned him on to this show. 1917A. Conan Doyle His Last Bow 291 It cuts no ice with a British copper to tell him you're an American citizen. 1924A. Huxley Let. 28 Oct. (1969) 235, I was very glad..to hear that you liked Those Barren Leaves. It cuts more ice, I think, than the others and is more explicit and to the point. 1930W. S. Maugham Cakes & Ale iv. 48 There was a softness in Roy's voice such as I imagined he would use if he were telling a prospective father that his wife was about to gratify his wishes. It cut no ice with me. 1930G. B. Shaw Apple Cart i. 7 Oh, sit down, man, sit down. Youre in your own house: ceremony cuts no ice with me. 1931Sat. Rev. Lit. (U.S.) 18 July 978/2 Among the words and phrases common among racketeers, not yet in general use..there are the following:..on ice, in the penitentiary. 1932E. Bowen To North xxiii. 247 Sheer man-to-man envy of Markie for cutting so much ice. 1933D. L. Sayers Murder must Advertise xix. 322 Their idea is to put you on ice quietly till they've had time to settle up their affairs. 1936E. S. Gardner Case of Sleepwalker's Niece xiv. 131, I figured that and the record of the telephone call would be enough to put the case on ice. 1936Wodehouse Laughing Gas xviii. 195 Take him back to his room and keep him there on ice till it's time to go to the studio. 1944W. S. Maugham Razor's Edge vii. 276, I haven't signed on the dotted line yet, but it's on ice. The fella I'm going in with was a roommate of mine at college..and I'm dead sure he wouldn't hand me a lemon. 1945Chicago Daily News 4 Oct. 12/1 They..accumulated enough runs in the first inning to put the game on ice. 1953W. Burroughs Junkie (1972) x. 103 ‘I sent for the wagon,’ said the guy with the pipe. ‘We'll take them over to the third precinct and put them on ice.’ 1954Koestler Invis. Writing xxxiv. 369 He will for a considerable time be ‘put on ice’—isolated from any contact with other members. 1955Times 12 May 14/5 Burns demanded that the purse be handed over before he entered the ring. He ended a bitter argument by declaring: ‘That cuts no ice with me. I want the referee to hold the money.’ 1957A. Grimble Return to Islands 75 The problem that his resignation had left on ice, for whomever it might concern. 1965New Statesman 14 May 771/2 Presumably the book, finished in 1957, was put on ice, for Mr Wood can hardly have hoped to get away in Beaverbrook's lifetime with much of the discussion of his ‘brash brutality’. 1973‘I. Drummond’ Jaws of Watchdog xii. 154 Scotland Yard could not keep him on ice that long. He would have to be brought to a court to be charged. 1973J. Porter It's Murder with Dover vii. 63 MacGregor remembered..that logical argument didn't cut much ice with Dover and he abandoned it.
d. A piece or pieces of ice placed in a drink, or into which a bottle, etc., is placed to cool the contents.
1833C. Redding Hist. Mod. Wines xiv. 316 Before drinking, the wine should be kept an hour in ice. 1846A. Soyer Gastronomic Regenerator 701 When the syrup is a little cool, taste if palatable, place a little upon some ice, and if strong enough fill your mould, which place in ice. a1922T. S. Eliot Waste Land Drafts (1971) 61 Where's a cocktail shaker, Ben, here's plenty of cracked ice. 1927E. Glyn ‘It’ xii. 110 A perfect dinner had been ordered—the champagne was on ice.
3. In figurative expressions, with allusion to the slippery, cold, or brittle nature of ice.
a1420Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. 907 Beware, I rede; thow stondest on the yce. c1560A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) xxii. 22, I seik the watter hett In vndir the cauld yce. 1594Shakes. Rich. III, iv. ii. 22 Tut, tut, thou art all Ice. 1649G. Daniel Trinarch., Hen. IV, cxxix, Soe Spirits bound vp in the Ice of feare Are thawed by Nobler Passions shineing there. 1749Fielding Tom Jones viii. iv, The bright eyes of our hero thawed all her ice in a moment. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. vii. II. 170 Those who knew him well..were aware that under all this ice a fierce fire was constantly burning. 1884‘Mark Twain’ Huck. Finn xxxii. 333 ‘How'd you get your breakfast so early on the boat?’ It was kinder thin ice, but I says: ‘The captain see me standing around.’ 1892Ouida in Fortn. Rev. LII. 785 The incessant, breathless round of intermingled sport and pleasure danced on the thin ice of debt. 1904[see coin n. 6]. 1938E. Bowen Death of Heart iii. ii. 343 The idea of her never leaves me quiet, and by coming into this room she drives me on to the ice. 1962J. G. Bennett Witness xxii. 287 Thus, without knowing it, I was treading on very thin ice.
4. a. A congelation or crystalline appearance resembling ice.
1605Bacon Adv. Learn. ii. xxi. §5 Iewellers..if there be a graine, or a cloude, or an ise which may be ground forth, without taking to much of the stone, they help it.
b. = ice pigeon.
1881J. C. Lyell Fancy Pigeons 81 The smooth-legged chequered or spangled ones are known in this country as Ural ice, while the rough-legged spangled birds are called Siberian ice.
c. Diamonds; jewellery. slang (orig. U.S.).
1906H. Green At Actors' Boarding House 26 Her in evenin' clothes and a bunch of ice on her hands. 1915G. Bronson-Howard God's Man iv. iv. 281 Along comes a guy..a piece of ice in his tie that made Tiffany's front window look like a hardware exhibit. 1924Wodehouse Leave it to Psmith ix. 184 Diamonds, Eddie. A necklace... Some of the best ice I've saw in years. 1925,1942[see hot a. 7 e]. 1936J. G. Brandon Pawnshop Murder i. 2 The glitter of stolen ‘ice’ or other jewels spread out upon the table. 1942M. Schlauch Gift of Tongues (1943) 269 Jewels become ‘ice’. 1959Listener 23 Apr. 706/2 ‘Shiners’ and ‘ice’ to the light-fingered boys, the diamond is known to the gemmologist as the hardest..of all minerals. 1961Wodehouse Ice in Bedroom i. 11 Yes, someone got away with her bit of ice all right. 1972‘H. Howard’ Nice Day for Funeral i. 30 Prager caught sight of five hundred grand in cracked ice.
d. Profit from the illegal sale of theatre, cinema, etc., tickets. U.S. slang.
1927Theatre Mag. Sept. 30/2 Thousands of tickets for special attractions in the large movie houses are sold over the box-office counter to speculators by the treasurers of the houses, their charge, or ‘ice’, running to as much as {pstlg}1 a ticket on the ‘sell-outs’. 1960Observer 30 Oct. 1/17 ‘Ice’..is the money from the sale of hot tickets..and enables..box office clerks to buy themselves Cadillacs. 1964Economist 25 Jan. 313/2 Kick-backs—‘ice’ as it is called on Broadway—on theatre tickets whose prices are marked up illegally.
e. Protection money. slang.
1948E. L. Johnson in E. L. Irey Tax Dodgers (1949) xiii. 229 Willie..said, ‘The extra hundred sixty is ice.’ ‘Ice’ is argot for graft or protection fees. 1951Economist 29 Sept. 747 Gross..who had confessed to paying this sum in ‘ice’ for the protection that made it possible for him to earn $100,000 a year. 1951E. Kefauver Crime in Amer. (1952) xvii. 186 When the combine's books finally were seized, examination disclosed recorded payments totalling $108,000 for the service known as ‘juice’, which is the California gambling profession's euphemism (in Florida the term is ‘ice’) for ‘protection’ money.
5. a. A frozen confection. Now with an and pl.: An ice-cream or water-ice.
(In French the pl. glaces in this sense was admitted by the Acad. in 1762; but as late as 1825 it was asserted to be incorrect to say une glace.)
[1716Lady M. W. Montagu Let. to Lady X ― 1 Oct., The company are entertained with ice in several forms, winter and summer.] 1773Brydone Sicily xxxiii. (1809) 318 A free indulgence in the use of ices. 1831Disraeli Yng. Duke xiii, The cakes and the confectionary, and the ices. 1848Thackeray Van. Fair xiii, He went out and ate ices at a pastry-cook's shop. 1850T. & J. M. Morton All that Glitters etc. ii, Toby, take that load of pine apple ice into the ball-room, and present an ice to each lady.
b. = icing.
1723J. Nott Cook's & Confectioner's Dict. sig. B4 Make Ice with the White of an Egg, powder'd Sugar, Orange or Lemon Flowers. 1725Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. March pane, You may also ice them..and the Ice is to be bak'd with the Oven-lid. 1819Pantologia, Ice,..concreted sugar. 1885C. M. Yonge Nuttie's Father II. v. 61 How dreadfully hard the ice on the wedding cake was, so that when Annaple tried to cut it the knife slipped.
II. attrib. and Comb.
6. simple attrib.
1744(title) An Account of the Glacieres or Ice Alps in Savoy. 1813Ellis Brand's Pop. Antiq. II. 319 note, The antient Northern Nations held annual Ice Fairs. See Olaus Magnus. We too have heard of Ice Fairs on the River Thames. 1884Bath Jrnl. 16 Feb. 7/2 The ice carnival at Montreal opened on Monday. Ibid., In the evening the Ice Palace was a wonderfully beautiful structure. 1895Westm. Gaz. 31 Aug. 3/1 We are increasing our ice consumption at about the rate of five per cent. a year. 1898Ibid. 31 Mar. 2/1 The crew will consist of twenty-four men, all of them experienced in ice navigation.
7. General combinations:
a. attrib. Of or pertaining to ice, connected with, characterized by, occurring in, performed on, ice or the ice, as ice-battle, ice-break, ice-chart, ice-clue, ice-coldness, ice-crack, ice-crossing, ice-dancer (so ice-dancing vbl. n.), ice-fight, ice-flower, ice-fog, ice-hole, ice-marsh, ice-measurement, ice-melting, ice-merchant, ice-movement, ice-pressure, ice-range, ice-ravine, ice-road, ice-shove, ice-show, ice-spot, ice-storm, ice-temper, ice-track, ice-tramp, ice-travel, ice-upheaval, -voice, ice-wagon; ice-walk; esp. in names of tools and implements used in the harvesting, carriage, and storage of ice for economic purposes, as ice-barge, ice-basket, ice-crusher, ice-cutter, ice-fork, ice-leveller, ice-mallet, ice-marker, ice-pick, ice-preserver, ice-scraper, ice-shaver, ice-spade, ice-tongs, ice-tool. Also ice-clear adj.
1856Kane Arct. Expl. II. xxix. 297 The scars which their own *ice-battles had impressed on the vessels.
Ibid. I. xxiv. 314, I met my officers..and showed them my *ice-charts.
1946S. Spender European Witness ii. iii. 146 The *ice-clear light of that part of Germany. 1948C. Day Lewis Poems 1943–1947 87 Toward my expectation's bed They move in a hushed, ice-clear trance. 1970R. Lowell Notebk. 204 Once or twice, blurt your ice-clear sentence.
1856Kane Arct. Expl. I. xii. 133 On this return I had much less difficulty with the *ice-cracks.
Ibid. II. xxvi. 267 The third [sledge] we had to reserve as essential to our *ice-crossings.
1883Fisheries Exhib. Catal. 200 *Ice-crusher, ice-picks, and tools used in handling ice.
1791J. Long Voy. & Trav. Indian Trader 120 The fishing party consisted of..natives of Canada, who, being provided with axes, *ice-cutters..set off. 1969New Scientist 13 Mar. 574/2 A new type of ice-breaker is needed for breaking up solid ice. We have devised one and christened it an ice-cutter.
1925E. Law Dancing on Ice iii. 24 To the question what should *ice-dancers do to acquit themselves properly, the obvious answer is, that they should first learn exactly what the valse-figure is. 1969Times 15 Nov. 10/8 Only one skater now remains of that team of six brilliant ice dancers.
1925E. Law Dancing on Ice v. 46 Invite the independent judgment of..some one who knows and understands the whole theory and practice of *ice-dancing. 1969Times 15 Nov. 10/8 The world ice dancing champions..will not be competing.
1856Kane Arct. Expl. I. iii. 32 One of those heavy *ice-fogs..settled around us.
1853― Grinnell Exp. xii. (1856) 87 The *ice-hole of the Vituline seal.
1864Chambers's Jrnl. 99/1 The men take the ice to *ice-merchants, who are ready to buy it in any quantity. 1973Post Office Telephone Directory Section 471, London Yellow Pages Classified (North) 177/2 (heading) Ice and cold storage companies and ice merchants.
1856Kane Arct. Expl. I. xxiv. 314 Knowledge of Lancaster Sound and its *ice-movements.
1896Nansen in Daily Chron. 2 Nov. 4/1 The *ice-pressures began to be tremendous.
1884S. E. Dawson Handbk. Canada 122 The *ice-roads [across the St. Lawrence] are always marked out by spruce-trees stuck in the snow.
1865Parkman Champlain xi. (1875) 334 He built a wall of bricks..in order to measure the destructive effects of the ‘*ice-shove’ in the spring.
1950Oxf. Jun. Encycl. IX. 432/2 Of recent years ‘*ice shows’ have been made popular in the U.S.A. and Canada. 1966Listener 29 Dec. 959/1 Original plays..and an ice-show.
1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, *Ice-tongs, utensils for taking up ice at a table. 1875Knight Dict. Mech., Ice-tongs, grasping implements for carrying blocks of ice.
1856Kane Arct. Expl. I. vi. 58 Nothing of *ice-upheaval has ever been described equal to this.
1865J. D. Burn Three Years among Working-Classes U.S. 304 The *ice-waggons may be seen with their crystal loads flying about the towns in all directions from May to the end of September. 1898J. London Let. 30 Nov. (1966) 6 Saturday I worked on an ice wagon. 1905Sketch LI. 38/1 The earliest on his rounds was the man with the ice-waggon, who put down on the door-step of each house a block of ice. 1971M. Tak Truck Talk 88 Ice wagon, a refrigerated trailer. 1972News & Observer (Raleigh, N. Carolina) 30 Dec. 4/2 We don't hear much [nowadays] about..ice wagons, branch-lines.
b. Composed or consisting of ice; as ice-barricade, ice-barrier, ice-bay, ice-beach, ice-bed, ice-blockade, ice-bridge, ice-cake, ice cascade, ice-case, ice-cataract, ice-chain, ice-cliff, ice-cone, ice-cover, ice-crag, ice-crystal, ice-disc, ice-dock, ice-drift, ice-drop, ice-dust, ice-edge, ice-expanse, ice-face, ice-flake, ice-float, ice-fragment, ice-fringe, ice-growth, ice-hummock, ice-hump, ice-lake, ice-lump, ice-margin, ice-mass, ice-neck, ice-ocean, ice-pearl, ice-pile, ice-plain, ice-precipice, ice-rain, ice-ridge, ice-roof, ice-sea, ice-shoal, ice-slope, ice-spicule, ice-surface, ice-table, ice-torrent, ice-trap, ice-vault, ice-wall, ice-waste, ice-wharf.
1856Kane Arct. Expl. I. xx. 248 Deep cavities filled with snow intervened between lines of *ice-barricades.
1874G. Campbell Let. 14 Feb. in Log Lett. from ‘Challenger’ (1876) ii. 99 We had hoped to see the great *ice-barrier, that endless wall of ice two hundred feet in height which fringes the southern continent. 1934I. W. Hutchison North to Rime-Ringed Sun x. 106 The ice-barrier was thickening fast, and as it seemed impenetrable under the westerly gale..we cast the Trader's anchor.
1856Kane Arct. Expl. xxxi. 421 A brig, high and dry, spending an Arctic winter over an Arctic *ice-bed.
1939L. MacNeice Autumn Jrnl. xxiv. 95 The waters of life are free of the *ice-blockade of hunger. 1969in Halpert & Story Christmas Mumming in Newfoundland 32 The winter ice-blockade which made the inshore fishery a limited seasonal operation.
1792E. P. Simcoe Diary 15 Feb. (1911) vii. 77 Coll. Simcoe and I were going to walk on the *ice bridge. 1880‘Mark Twain’ Tramp Abroad II. xl. 115 A young porter..started across an ice-bridge which spanned a crevasse. 1909Westm. Gaz. 2 Sept. 9/2 After twenty days we found an ice-bridge over the water between the continental ice and the Polar ice.
1870Canad. Illustr. News 26 Mar. 334/1 One *ice-cake after another struck her boat. 1923R. Frost New Hampshire (1924) 65 The seal yelp On an ice cake. 1953Canad. Geogr. Jrnl. July 150/1 A strip of open water stretched between shore and ice-cake which filled most of the bay. 1960S. Plath Colossus (1967) 44 Farther out, the waves will be mouthing icecakes. 1966T. Armstrong et al. Illustr. Gloss. Snow & Ice 21 Ice cake, a floe smaller than 10 m across.
1873J. Geikie Gt. Ice Age (1894) 543 The glacier descends in a series of *ice-cataracts.
1860Tyndall Glac. ii. viii. 266 Such sand-layers give birth to *ice-cones.
1882A. Geikie Text-bk. Geol. iii. ii. 416 On the ice-worn surface of Norway singular cavities..known as ‘giants' kettles’..have had an origin under the massive *ice-cover which once spread over that peninsula. 1958Priebsch & Collinson German Lang. (ed. 4) ii. 22 The ice-cover made the whole of Scandinavia and Northern Germany uninhabitable.
1849Thoreau Week Concord Riv. 394 It matters not through what *ice-crystals it is seen. 1919D. H. Lawrence in Eng. Rev. June 485 Some, blonde, blue-eyed, northern, are evidently water-born, born along with the ice-crystals and blue, cold deeps. 1956Nature 18 Feb. 321/2 Collisions occurring between ice crystals and small hailstones.
1856Kane Arct. Expl. I. xxv. 327 The *ice-drift from the southern of these had now piled itself in our way.
1795–7Southey Juvenile & Minor Poems Poet. Wks. II. 97 Blue⁓lipt, an *ice-drop at thy sharp blue nose.
1860Tyndall Glac. i. xviii. 124 An avalanche..came heralded by clouds of *ice-dust.
1947G. Rawson Arctic Adventures ix. 187 The cutter reached the *ice edge, and a man sprang out of it. 1966T. Armstrong et al. Illustr. Gloss. Snow & Ice 22 Ice edge, the boundary at any given time between open water and sea, river or lake ice of any kind, whether drifting or fast.
1856E. K. Kane Arctic Explorations I. xvi. 187, I had to walk through the broken ice, which rose in toppling spires over my head, for nearly fifty yards, before I found an opening to the *ice-face, by which I was able to climb down to them. 1898J. O. Maund in W. A. Morgan ‘House’ on Sport 276 Above the ice face snow slopes lying at a much less rapid angle led to the final rock peak.
1915E. Pound Cathay 23 Hung with hard *ice-flakes, where hail-scur flew. 1937Discovery July 220/1 Two of them..were the first to land on the ice-flake.
1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) IV. 326 They [bears] are not only seen at land, but often on *ice-floats, several leagues at sea.
1902Spectator 25 Oct. 604/1 Persecuted until they were practically driven off the seas, they took refuge furthest north along the *ice-fringe. 1966T. Armstrong et al. Illustr. Gloss. Snow & Ice 23 Ice fringe, a very narrow ice piedmont, extending less than about 1 km inland from the sea.
1897Edin. Rev. Oct. 325 Among the *ice-hummocks off the southern shore of Franz Josef Land.
1910W. de la Mare Three Mulla-Mulgars 67 Floating like a cork among the *ice-humps. 1961Times 24 Apr. 14/7, I cannot tell whether an icehump is two inches high or a dangerous two feet.
1934*Ice-lake [see geochronological a.]. 1957G. E. Hutchinson Treat. Limnol. I. i. 8 The earliest postglacial Baltic was an ice lake.
1889G. F. Wright Ice Age N. Amer. xx. 482 The buried vegetable deposits under consideration do not mark a warm climate, but a climate much colder than the present—such a vegetation, in fact, as would naturally flourish near the *ice-margin. 1958F. E. Zeuner Dating Past (ed. 4) 22 As the ice-margin retreated the varves followed it.
1591Sylvester Yvry 133 North-west winde..his volleys racqueted, Of bounding Balls of *Ice-pearl slippery shining.
1853Kane Grinnell Exp. l. (1856) 485 The great *ice-plain formed one continuous sheet from the Greenland shore as far as the eye could reach.
1860Tyndall Glac. i. xi. 84 Breathing more freely after we had cleared the *ice-precipice.
1892C. T. Dent et al. Mountaineering vi. 223 Nothing tends more to weary and render him [sc. a mountaineer] careless than some hours of step-cutting on an *ice-ridge. 1929F. Smythe Climbs & Ski Runs xv. 288 We gained the foot of the rock pitch separating the third ice-ridge from the fourth. 1957J. Blish Fallen Star vii. 104 The ice-ridge on our left screamed, broke free and reared skyward.
1860Tyndall Glac. i. xxii. 152, I waited for him..and helped him down the *ice-slope.
1881Nature 10 Feb. 338/2 The *ice-spicules are built up ‘in the teeth’ of this current. 1962F. I. Ordway et al. Basic Astronautics iii. 90 Three in number, they [sc. the rings of Saturn] are very thin in comparison to their width, and are made up of millions upon millions of..particles, pebbles, grains of dust, and perhaps ice spicules.
1856Kane Arct. Expl. I. vii. 71 We could see the strait growing still narrower, and the heavy *ice-tables grinding up.
1860Tyndall Glac. i. xxiv. 173, I visited the *ice-wall at the Tacul.
1905Westm. Gaz. 9 Dec. 16/1 There is neither the sport nor the game that cheers the Northern *ice-wastes. 1964F. Warner Early Poems 80 Lonely ice-wastes.
c. instrumental, with passive participles, forming adjs., as ice-battered, ice-bemarbled, ice-born, ice-built, ice-capped, ice-chained, ice-checked, ice-chocked, ice-clad, ice-clogged, ice-clothed, ice-coated, ice-cooled, ice-covered, ice-crusted, ice-cumbered, ice-embossed, ice-enveloped, ice-fed, ice-glazed, ice-ground, ice-imprisoned, ice-laden, ice-lined, ice-locked, ice-marked, ice-polished, ice-preserved, ice-rubbed, ice-sheltered, ice-worn. Also ice-like.
1856Kane Arct. Expl. I. xxviii. 364 Ensconced in our *ice-battered citadel.
1757Gray Progr. Poesy ii. ii, In climes beyond the solar road, Where shaggy forms o'er *ice-built mountains roam.
1799Campbell Pleas. Hope ii. 122 The *ice-chain'd waters slumbering on the shore.
1880A. R. Wallace Isl. Life 154 Where the whole country is completely *ice-clad.
1853Kane Grinnell Exp. x. (1856) 76 Through this *ice-clogged bay.
1880‘Mark Twain’ Tramp Abroad II. xxxiv. 32 They came to an *ice-coated ridge. 1928Observer 15 July 22 Ice-coated ships.
1755Smollett Quix. (1803) IV. 167 Those savoury banquets, and *ice-cooled potations.
a1847Eliza Cook Poems, Dog of Alps i, The *ice-covered scalps..of the Alps. 1956Nature 17 Mar. 508/1 The lofty ice-covered interior of Antarctica.
1856Kane Arct. Expl. I. xiv. 156 Through the *ice-crusted window-panes of the cabin.
1798W. Sotheby tr. Wieland's Oberon (1826) I. 97 Wedg'd in masses *ice-emboss'd.
1813Coleridge Remorse ii. i. 18 An *ice-glazed precipice.
1872Tyndall Forms of Water §365 The *ice-ground part of the mountains is clearly distinguished from the splintered crests.
1860Tyndall Glac. i. xvi. 107 Between us and the *ice-laden valley.
1860Gen. P. Thompson Audi Alt. III. cxix. 60 On the supposed *ice-like plain.
1866J. G. Whittier Snow-Bound 50 Wide swung again our *ice-locked door. 1907Westm. Gaz. 21 Oct. 2/3 Ice-locked Polar snows. 1972S. Burnford One Woman's Arctic i. 13 Now the strait was ice-locked.
1897E. Conybeare Cambridgesh. 5 Travelled fragments of rock, usually *ice-marked.
1880A. R. Wallace Isl. Life 176 The *ice-preserved Arctic mammalia.
1860G. H. K. Vac. Tour. 165 Smooth, grey, *ice-worn, gneiss banks. 1893Sir H. H. Howorth Glacial Nightmare II. 704 The higher parts of the Dovrefelds..have not been ice-worn.
d. parasynthetic, as ice-bearded, ice-belted, ice-dammed (see sense 8 below), ice-hearted, ice-helmed, ice-pillared, ice-ribbed adjs.
1591Sylvester Yvry 174 *Ice-bearded Boreas.
1819Shelley Cenci iii. i. 153 Oh, *ice-hearted counsellor!
1950G. Barker News of World 49 Just as the ice-hearted stars Stand around like avatars. 1960S. Plath Colossus (1967) 23 At the source Of your ice-hearted calling—Drunkenness of the great depths.
1875Longfellow Pandora vi. Voices of the Waters, The mountains, the giants, The *ice-helmed, the forest-belted.
1838Eliza Cook Melaia, King of Wind i, He burst through the *ice-pillar'd gates of the North.
1866B. Taylor Poems, The Harp, The thunders of the *ice-ribbed ocean.
e. objective, as ice-blasting, ice-breaking, ice-cutting, ice-haunting, ice-loving, ice-making, ns. and adjs.
1824Canad. Mag. III. Dec. 541 He accosted us all gaily, without any of that long *ice-breaking conversation about the weather, which generally occupies the first half-hour of our stage-coach journeys. 1883Fisheries Exhib. Catal. 362 Ice-breaking Boat..used in..sailing among the Ice. 1956Nature 31 Mar. 600/2 The two expeditions will share a large ice⁓breaking sealer. 1970Daily Tel. 21 Mar. 15 Canadian seal-hunting ships with ice-breaking capacity.
1854Thoreau Walden 229 The only obvious employment, except wood-chopping, *ice-cutting, or the like business. 1908Westm Gaz. 29 May 2/1 The ice-cutting looks so like harvesting or hay-making. 1960J. J. Rowlands Spindrift 75 Few remember the days of ice-cutting.
1831Edin. Rev. LIII. 343 *Ice-haunting..species.
Ibid., *Ice-loving and maritime species.
1864Chambers's Jrnl. 13 Feb. 101/1 The attention of some millions of persons was attracted, in the International Exhibition of 1862, to two *ice-making machines of a very remarkable character. 1875Ure's Dict. Arts II. 488 Harrison's ice-making machine..is a particular application of the exhausting air-pump.
1856Kane Arct. Expl. I. vi. 64 A smart *ice-shattering breeze, to open a road for us.
8. Special Combinations: ice-action, the action of ice upon the surface of the earth, esp. during the glacial period; ice-age, the glacial period (see glacial 3); also fig. and Comb.; ice-anchor, a grapnel for holding a ship to an ice-floe; ice-apron, (a) a pointed structure for protecting a bridge-pier from ice carried down by the stream; (b) (see quot. 1958); ice-arm, an arm or projecting portion of ice; ice-auger, an auger for boring large holes in ice, used in ice-fishing; ice-axe, (a) an axe used by Alpine climbers, for cutting steps in icy slopes; (b) an implement for cutting ice for domestic purposes; = ice-pick (a); ice-bag, an india-rubber bag filled with ice and applied to some part of the body for medical or surgical purposes; ice-banner (U.S.) = ice-feathers (Cent. Dict.); ice-beam, a beam placed at the stern or bow of a ship to resist the pressure of ice; ice-bearer, a frost-bearer or cryophorus; ice-bed, a stratified glacial deposit; ice-belt, the fringe of ice along an Arctic coast; = ice-foot; ice-block, (a) a block of ice; also fig.; (b) Austral. = ice-lolly; ice-blue, a very pale blue; ice-boulder, a boulder conveyed by glacial action; ice-box, a box or compartment for holding ice, an ice-chest; or one that is kept cold by means of ice; also (U.S.), a refrigerator (see also quot. 1971); also transf.; ice-bucket = ice-pail; ice-calk = calk n.1 2 (Knight Dict. Mech. 1875); ice-calorimeter, an apparatus for determining specific heat by means of ice; ice-canoe, a canoe with iron runners for use on frozen lakes or rivers; ice-capade [jocular blend of ice n. + escapade], an event, show, etc., that takes place on ice; ice-car, a refrigerating van adapted for the transport of perishable goods; ice-cart, a cart in which ice is conveyed for delivery; ice-cataplasm = ice-poultice (Syd. Soc. Lex.); ice-cave, (a) a cave which contains ice even in summer; (b) a hollow in the ice at the lower end of a glacier; (c) a kind of small domestic refrigerator (disused); (d) a cave hollowed out of ice as a shelter; ice-cellar N. Amer., a cellar kept cool by blocks of ice and used to preserve food; ice-chair, a chair fitted with runners so as to be propelled easily upon ice; a sledge-chair; ice-chamber, a compartment containing, or cooled by, ice; a refrigerating chamber; ice-chest (see quot.); ice-chimney, a chimney (chimney n. 8) formed in ice; ice-chisel, a chisel used for cutting holes in ice, or splitting blocks of ice; ice-claw, an iron claw for grappling and lifting blocks of ice (Knight Dict. Mech. 1875); = crampon n. 3; ice-closet, an ice-chamber or ice-chest; ice-clothes, clothing suitable for wearing on the Arctic ice; ice-cloud, a cloud consisting of ice crystals; ice colour, any of a class of azo dyes which are insoluble in water, being formed directly on the fibre by impregnating it with one component of the dye (naphthol or a naphthol derivative) and then immersing it in a solution of the other (a diazo compound); so called because the solutions originally used needed to be kept ice-cold; ice-compress = ice-poultice (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1886); ice contact Physical Geogr., a surface or deposit that was originally formed in contact with a body of ice; usu. attrib., esp. in ice-contact slope, a (usually steep) slope so formed; ice-craft, ability to deal with the ice in mountaineering or Arctic exploration; icemanship; ice-creeper = ice-calk (Knight Dict. Mech. 1875); ice-crop, the yield of ice in a single winter or from a certain place; ice cube, a small block of ice formed in a mould in a refrigerator and used to chill drinks; † ice-dagger, an icicle; ice-dam, a dam across a river formed by a glacier; so ice-dammed a.; ice-drift, drifted ice in the mass; ice-drill = ice-auger; ice-drops, in Bot., transparent processes resembling icicles, as in the ice-plant (Webster 1864); ice-dyke, a narrow crevasse filled with ice columns; ice-elevator, a machine for lifting blocks of ice to a higher level; ice-escape, an apparatus for rescuing persons who have fallen through the ice; ice-farm, (a) a place where ice is formed by allowing water to freeze in specially hollowed-out beds, or in shallow earthenware pans; (b) a place where naturally frozen ice is stored; ice-feathers, feather-like forms assumed by ice exposed to wind, in mountainous parts of the United States (Cent. Dict.); ice-fender, a fender or guard to protect a vessel from being injured by ice (Ogilvie 1882); ice-ferns, the fern-like formations produced on the surface of glass by the action of frost; ice-fish, the caplin (Funk); ice-fishing, fishing in winter through holes made in the ice; see also quot. 1907; hence [as a back-formation] ice-fish v. intr.; ice-fisherman; ice-flow, an ice-stream; ice-flowers = (a) ice-ferns; (b) (see quot. 1955), also in sing.; ice-fox, the Arctic fox; ice-front, the margin of a glacier, ice-shelf, or ice-sheet; ice-glass = crackle-glass (crackle n. 3); ice-gorge (U.S.), an accumulation of ice-blocks choking the bed of a river; ice-green, a very pale green; ice guard, (a) (see quot. 1905) U.S.; (b) Aeronaut., a wire grid that may be fitted in the intake of an aero-engine, so that any ice forms on it rather than in the engine; ice-gull, a name given in N. America to the glaucous gull and the ivory gull; ice-hammer, (a) a hammer for breaking ice to be used in drinks; (b) a hammer used in mountaineering (see quot. 1932); ice-harvest, the ice-crop; the period during which the ice-crop is gathered; ice hockey, a game developed from field hockey but played on ice; also attrib.; ice-jam, the blocking of a channel with broken ice; the jam so formed; also fig.; ice-ladder = ice-escape; ice-lane (see quot.); ice-leaf, a local name of Mullein, Verbascum Thapsus (Britten & Holl.); ice-ledge = ice-foot; ice line, in a phase diagram of water, a line representing the conditions of temperature and pressure at which ice and water will be in equilibrium in the absence of water vapour; ice-lobe, a portion of a continental ice-sheet that projects from the main area; ice-lolly, a water ice on a stick; ice-loon, the great northern diver (U.S.); ice-machine, a machine for the artificial production of ice; ice-maiden colloq., a ‘cold’ or unresponsive woman; ice-maker, (a) one who manufactures artificial ice; (b) = ice-machine; ice-mark, a mark, scratch, or groove produced by ice-action, esp. by glacial action during the ice-age; † ice-meer, a cake of ground-ice; ice-mill, a spot where a glacier grinds out the underlying rock by the action of loose stones, a glacier-mill; ice-mould, a hollow utensil used in shaping ice; ice-needle, (a) a strong needle used to break up a lump of ice; (b) any elongated, needle-like ice crystal; ice-pack, (a) a body of separate pieces of drift-ice closely packed so as to form one great ice-field; (b) a pack (pack n.1 11) prepared with ice; ice-pail, a pail for holding ice, in which bottles of wine, etc. are plunged in order to cool the liquor; ice-pan, a small slab of floating ice; ice-paper [tr. F. papier glacé], transparent gelatine in thin sheets used in copying drawings (Cent. Dict.); ice-period, the glacial period of Geology, the ice-age; ice-pick, (a) a small domestic tool with a sharp spike designed for breaking up ice (e.g. for drinks); (b) in Mountaineering, a pick (pick n.1); ice pigeon, a breed of domestic pigeon whose prevailing colour is a pale bluish lavender; ice-pit, a pit in which ice is stored for preservation; ice-pitcher, a pitcher with double sides, or of non-conducting material, for holding broken ice or iced water; ice-piton, a piton used to assist climbing on ice; ice-plane (see quots.); ice-plate, a small, usu. glass, plate on which ice-cream is served; ice-point, a temperature at which ice and water are in equilibrium; spec. the temperature (0°C.) at which ice is in equilibrium with water saturated with air and under standard atmospheric pressure, formerly taken as a primary fixed point but now replaced for this purpose by the triple point; ice-pole Canad., a long pole used by seamen for levering against ice-floes, etc.; ice-poultice, a bag or bladder filled with pounded ice, for application to inflamed parts of the body (C. A. Harris Dict. Med. Terminol. 1854–67); ice-pudding, a frozen confection in the form of pudding; ice-pulse, the throbbing movement which precedes an ice-quake; ice-push, lateral pressure exerted on a shore as a sheet of floating ice expands following changes in temperature; also, an ice-rampart formed as a result; ice-quake, the convulsion which accompanies the break-up of an ice-field or ice-floe; ice-raft, a floating sheet of ice; ice-ram, a pointed projection from a ship's bows, to assist it in forcing its way through ice; ice-rampart, a ridge of beach material along a shore-line which has been forced up by the lateral movement of floating ice; ice-rink (see rink n.2 3); ice-river = ice-stream; ice-room = ice-chamber; ice-run, a stretch of ice prepared for tobogganing; also fig.; ice-safe, a meat-safe having chambers for containing ice; Ice Saints (see quot. 1922); ice-sandal, a sandal or golosh with spiked sole, worn on ice; ice-saw, a large saw employed by Arctic voyagers and in ice harvesting for cutting ice; ice-scape [after landscape n.], (a picture of) ice scenery; ice-scour, -scouring, the action of an ice-sheet or glacier in eroding the land and modifying and producing landforms; so ice-scoured a.; ice-screw, an ice-elevator having a spiral motion; also, an ice-piton (q.v.) which is screwed, rather than hammered, into the ice; ice-shed, a divide between two expanses of moving ice; ice-shelf, a floating sheet of ice permanently attached to a land mass; ice-ship, a ship specially built to resist ice-pressure; ice-shoe, a spiked shoe used for walking on ice; ice-shop, a shop where ice is sold; ice-skate = skate n.2 1; also as v.; so ice-skater, ice-skating vbl. n.; ice-spirit, frost as a nature-spirit; ice sport, a sport taking place on ice; ice-spur, a spur or spike fixed in the sole of a boot, to assist in walking on ice; ice-station, a station where ice is collected for storage; ice step, a step cut into ice; ice-stick, a stick with a spike at the end, used in walking on ice; ice-storm, a storm of freezing rain that leaves a deposit of ice on trees, etc.; ice-striæ, thin lines of scoring made in rocks by ice passing over them; ice-system, a connected system or group of glaciers; ice-tongue, any body of ice that projects from a glacier, iceberg, or ice-sheet, esp. one that is relatively long and narrow (see also quot. 1893); ice-tray, a tray used in a refrigerator for making ice cubes; ice-wedge, a vertical wedge-shaped mass of ice in the soil of a permafrost region; ice-whale, the great polar whale; ice-white a., having a whiteness like that of ice; ice wool = eis wool; ice-yacht = ice-boat 1; hence ice-yachting, -yachtsman.
1863Lyell Antiq. Man 308 Proof of a close connection between *ice-action and contorted stratification.
1873J. Geikie (title) The Great *Ice Age. 1888Daily News 17 Sept. 3/1 Geologists have lately been working out the facts of what is called the ‘Glacial Period’, or the ‘Ice Age’. 1957C. Day Lewis Pegasus 24 Cold chisels of wind, *ice-age-edged. 1966Listener 10 Mar. 338/2 With..the certainty by 1950 that America and Russia both possessed atomic weapons, the world entered the new ice-age of the cold war between the big two. 1973A. Price October Men ix. 122 The temperature was perhaps slightly less arctic now he had said his piece, but that was no sure sign that a second..ice age was not about to set in.
1774C. J. Phipps Voy. N. Pole 59 The ice being all round us, we got out our *ice-anchors, and moored along-side a field. 1880Standard 20 May 3 The vessel will..‘hook on’ with an S-shaped ice-anchor to the floe alongside.
1871Scribner's Monthly II. 170 It [has been] necessary to construct enormous breakwaters, having *ice-aprons of strong oak timber. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. 1161/1 The ice-aprons of the Eads's St. Louis Railway Bridge are 200 feet long and 60 feet wide. 1958Armstrong & Roberts in Polar Record IX. lix. 93 Ice apron, a thin mass of snow and ice adhering to a mountain side.
1928Daily Tel. 4 Sept. 11/5 He..had mistaken the Frederikshaab ice arm for the Sukkertoppen *ice arm.
1820Scoresby Acc. Arctic Reg. II. 349 note, The ‘*ice-axe’, with which the hole is made... Sometimes an ‘ice-drill’..is made use of for this purpose. 1894Fenn In Alpine Valley I. 44 The ice-axes they carried. 1960J. J. Rowlands Spindrift 69 It was the magic of his [sc. an ice-vendor's] skill in using an ice-axe that enthralled me. 1963I. Deutscher Prophet Outcast: Trotsky v. 504 He [sc. Trotsky] grappled with the murderer, bit his hand, and wrenched the ice-axe from him.
1883Brit. Q. Rev. July 15 The use of the spinal *ice-bags for sea-sickness.
1820Scoresby Acc. Arctic Reg. II. 191 Oak-timbers, called *ice-beams, about 12 inches square and 25 feet in length are placed beneath the hold beams.
1842Francis Dict. Arts etc., *Ice-Bearer.
1885E. C. Agassiz Louis Agassiz I. 289 The ancient *ice-beds and moraines of England.
1856Kane Arct. Expl. I. viii. 78 The little brig was fast to the *ice-belt which lined the bottom of the cliffs.
1853― Grinnell Exp. xxvi. (1856) 218 There it was, with the gangway stairs of *ice-block masonry. 1864G. M. Hopkins Notebks. & Papers (1937) 27 Those wastes where the ice-blocks tilt and fret. 1957J. Blish Falling Star ix. 120 We built Wentz's igloo with..the one Keystone ice-block at the summit. 1958Church Times 3 Jan. 3/1 Hopes of some thaw in the international ice-block rose with the publication of warm greetings of peace and goodwill sent by the Russian leaders. 1962J. R. Bernard in Southerly XXII. 97 Without loss we add to..the meaning of..ice-block that of frozen confection. 1966Baker Austral. Lang. (ed. 2) xiii. 290 Ice-block, a small block of coloured and sweet-tasting ice on a stick.
1935N. & Q. 5 Jan. 7/2 From a draper's catalogue for the coming winter sales, I cull a few names of colours to me at least new: *Ice-blue, [etc.]. 1952‘J. Ross’ Yellow Drawing-Room ix. 138 An ice-blue satin skirt. 1958A. Wilson Middle Age of Mrs Eliot ii. 219 The walls [were] distempered ice blue. 1970W. Smith Gold Mine xxv. 57 His office was in white and ice-blue.
1846St. Louis Reveille 9 Sept. 4/5 Everything requisite for funerals, such as Hearse, Carriages,..Ice, *Ice-boxes. 1875Ice-box [see ice-chest]. 1877[see bavaroise]. 1884F. J. Britten Watch & Clockm. 65 The ‘ice-box’..is also a metal chamber, with a receptacle for ice round the sides, and jacketed all over with a non-conductor. 1908Wodehouse & Westbrook Globe by the Way Bk. 13/2 His brain worked like a buzz-saw in an ice-box. 1927Rev. Eng. Stud. Oct. 435 This healthy linguistic instinct is seen in e.g. the substitution of raincoat for mackintosh, ice-box for refrigerator. 1938D. Castle Do Your Own Time v. 45 Scavengers..cut down the hanged men, place them in cheap coffins, and cart them to the ‘ice box’, as the morgue is known in prison. 1943Wyndham Lewis Let. 31 Mar. (1963) 352 We are freezing out here [sc. in Canada] slowly, in this icebox of a country. 1963Amer. Speech XXXVIII. 173 Icebox, a co-ed engaged to a young man in a distant college who refuses to date at all while at college. 1971M. Tak Truck Talk 87 Ice box. (1) A refrigerated trailer used for hauling produce and perishables. (2) The bunker for ice in a bunk-and-blower type cooling system in an insulated trailer.
1919Barrie Alice Sit-by-the-Fire ii. 61 Supper for two, champagne in an *ice-bucket. 1929E. Hemingway Farewell to Arms xxv. 276 The champagne in the ice-bucket and our glasses on the table. 1939N. Monsarrat This is Schoolroom ii. vii. 176 A magnum of GH Mumm ready to hand in an ice-bucket. 1959N. Marsh False Scent (1960) iv. 94 Gantry tipped some [water] out of the ice bucket.
1941Time 10 Feb. 67/1 Another touring frostbite fiesta called *Ice-Capades of 1941. 1963Times 7 Mar. 3/6 Football..finally broke out of the strangling cocoon of snow, ice and mud to be rediscovered as a thing of excitement and calculated skill almost forgotten during the recent ice-capades.
1909Chambers's Jrnl. Aug. 560/2 In Canada there is also a special *ice-car service for the carriage of butter to Montreal.
1842Knickerbocker XX. 205 Before an omnibus or hotel or restaurant or *ice-cart had assumed its popular cognomen. 1864T. L. Nichols 40 Yrs. Amer. Life I. 247 Every morning the ice-cart comes round. 1873Young Englishwoman July 334/1 Ice-carts call as regularly as does the baker.
1889A. B. Marshall Cookery Bk. p. xx (Advt.), Marshall's patent *ice cave..will freeze a quantity of water placed in the inner cave into a solid mass. 1897Geogr. Jrnl. June 670 The term ‘ice-cave’..should especially apply to the hollows in the ice at the lower end of glaciers, whence the glacier waters make their exit. 1911Madame 20 May 318/1 Various forms of iced pudding, which, even if you do not happen to possess one of A. B. Marshall's ice caves, are still quite possible to prepare with very little trouble. 1926–7Army & Navy Stores Catal. 167/3 Ice caves with loose shelves. Japanned iron. 1930F. Smythe Kangchenjunga Adventure ii. 45 In lieu of tents, ice caves were carved in the solid ice at Camps Eight and Nine, large enough to hold six to eight persons. 1933J. Buchan Prince of Captivity i. iii. 95 He would draw terrible pictures of an ice-cave at Gundbjorns Fjord, and two dead men. 1950Chambers's Encycl. VII. 359/1 The so-called ice caves (not to be confused with caves in glacier ice) are caves in solid rock which, although situated below the line of perpetual snow, nevertheless contain large deposits of ice. 1961R. M. Patterson Buffalo Head iv. 136 We explored..finding..mountain sheep, ice caves, the fairest of alpine rock gardens, [etc.].
1771J. R. Forster tr. Kalm's Trav. N. Amer. III. 232 Some of the people of quality make use of *ice-cellars, to keep beer cool. Ibid., These ice-cellars are commonly built of stone, under the house. 1865Milton & Cheadle N.W. Passage by Land vi. 82 They even went down into the ice-cellar, where the meat is kept. 1883Harper's Mag. July 261, I visited one of the..largest beer factories, and took copious notes about..the ice cellars colder than Siberia ever dared to be. 1921Chambers's Jrnl. 21 May 395/2 Seeds of maple and wheat have been observed growing into blocks of ice in an ice-cellar.
1875Knight Dict. Mech., Ice-chest, a form of domestic *ice-chamber having apartments for the ice and the provisions, the food-chamber being cooled by air..from the ice-box or by the cold side of the latter. 1893Gladstone Sp. Ho. Com. 23 Feb., In the great sea⁓going steamers there is always an ice-chamber.
1841C. Cist Cincinnati in 1841 (Advt.), Manufacturer of packing-boxes, *ice-chests, trunk and segar boxes, &c. 1897Hughes Mediterranean Fever v. 191 Milk..should be..kept in the ice-chest. 1935‘J. Guthrie’ Little Country xxiv. 359 Young Merryweather..thought the place like an ice chest. 1972Even. Telegram (St. John's, Newfoundland) (Advt. Suppl.) 27 June 1 Foam plastic ice chest 99¢.
1929F. Smythe Climbs & Ski Runs xv. 293 The *ice-chimney continued for some distance with great difficulty. 1934Discovery Mar. 60/2 We were obliged to negotiate some ugly ice-chimneys. 1955J. E. B. Wright Technique Mountaineering v. 97 Ice chimneys may be pitches in couloirs and icefalls.
1853Kane Grinnell Exp. xlix. (1856) 468 While three men were out on a low berg..one of them..struck his *ice-chisel against the mass.
1920G. W. Young Mountain Craft vii. 286 Any man who wishes to make big ascents is well advised if he begins early to learn how to use *ice-claws (or crampons). 1954W. Noyce South Col v. 79 Crampons or ice-claws are sets of metal spikes on frames tied to the feet to assist walking up ice. 1955G. Band Road to Rakaposhi xii. 141 Climbers have managed for so long without these useful ‘ice-claws’ in the Himalayas.
1853Kane Grinnell Exp. xxix. (1856) 249 The *ice-clothes ready for a jump.
1883R. H. Scott Elem. Meteorol. 403 (Index), *Ice clouds. 1900W. Allingham Man. Marine Meteorol. xvi. 154 Halos and other refraction phenomena afford proof that cirro-stratus is an ice cloud. 1963D. Irving Destruction of Dresden iii. i. 106 Ice clouds were blanketing Europe.
1903C. Salter tr. G. von Georgievics's Chem. Dye-Stuffs 82 This method is employed to produce dyeings of considerable beauty and fastness, which now play a great part in dyeing cotton piece goods and in calico printing (*Ice colours). 1968E. N. Abrahart Dyes vi. 161 A small range of Ice Colours, so called because the preparation of the diazo solutions by the dyer needed ice, was built up.
1896Amer. Geologist XVIII. 152 The tracing on the ground of the *ice-contacts shows that other morainal belts come into the region about Wickford from the southeast. Ibid., The accompanying map..exhibits by special designations the position of the ice-contact slopes or moraine terraces. 1968R. W. Fairbridge Encycl. Geomorphol. 438/2 Ice contact deposits outline the holes and tunnels in the last wasting of the basal ice. 1970C. A. Lewis Glaciations Wales ii. 29 The fresh ice-contact slopes (15°–20°) and re⁓entrant features noted on the inner flanks of the Cors Geirch terraces are present also on their eastern side.
1890Daily News 5 Mar. 5/2 Proficiency in *ice-craft grows gradually. 1923G. D. Abraham First Steps to Climbing iv. 45 We find the Mount Everest Expedition largely composed of rock-climbing specialists whose knowledge of snow and ice-craft is almost negligible. 1955E. Hillary High Adventure 16 Harry was New Zealand's outstanding climber, with a tremendous reputation for brilliant ice-craft.
1889Montreal Daily Star, Carnival No., ‘Ice Yatching’ 5/1 *Ice-creepers taking the place of wading-boots.
1853A. Bunn Old Eng. & New Eng. I. ii. 31 Content ourselves by observing that the *ice-crop (as it is drolly called)..proved to be a fair average one. 1864Chambers's Jrnl. 100/1 Producing an ice-crop which will pay all expenses and leave a profit.
1929M. Lief Hangover vii. 128 She dashed into the kitchen and came back with a bowl of *ice-cubes and some more bottles. 1939Vogue's Cookery Book 122 Ice cubes for summer drinks can be made decorative by freezing cherries..inside them. 1949Consumer Reports June 250/1 Four medium-size ice-cube trays. 1962J. Braine Life at Top iv. 71 She took out the ice cube tray.
1519W. Horman Vulg. 103 b, A childe was slayne with an *yse dagger [Paruulus stiria occisus est].
1883Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. XXXII. 207 Among the most interesting results of the author's survey in Ohio, was the demonstration of the existence of an *ice-dam across the river at Cincinnati. 1935W. J. Miller Introd. Physical Geol. (ed. 3) xiv. 396 Existing ice-dam lakes are not common, and few, if any of them, are large. During the Ice Age, however, thousands of them formed and lasted only as long as the ice dams existed.
1914W. B. Wright Quaternary Ice Age iii. 71 Two main chains of *ice-dammed lakes in the Cleveland valleys to the north of Pickering are described by Professor Kendall. 1965G. de Boer in A. Small Fourth Viking Congress 207 The whole flat floored, hill girt hollow, is readily seen for what it is, the bed of a former ice-dammed lake.
1867Motley Netherl. xxxvi. III. 557 The strait was already filled with *ice-drift.
1820*Ice-drill [see ice-axe].
1905W. H. Sherzer in Smithsonian Misc. Coll. XLVII. 468 *Ice dykes. These consist of narrow crevasses, two to fifteen inches across, completely filled with columnar ice.
1864Illustr. Lond. News 9 Jan. 31/1 A number of sledge-chairs and an *ice-escape were conveyed to the place of amusement.
1889Pall Mall Gaz. 6 Feb. 3/1 When the winter fairly sets in the scene on an *ice-farm is a busy one. 1908Sci. Amer. 25 Jan. 58/2 Natural ice making in the tropics—the peculiar ‘ice farms’ of hot Bengal.
1864Tennyson Aylmer's F. 222 Fine as *ice-ferns on January panes.
1963Brit. Columbia Digest Nov.–Dec. 31 It'll be nothing less than wonderful if I manage to make one good steelhead trip and *icefish in three lakes all winter.
1960M. Sharcott Place of Many Winds vii. 123 The *ice-fisherman..earns a few extra cents a pound. 1963Times 12 Mar. 9/6 In most cases, the ice fisherman will avail himself (at a modest fee) of the services of a resort owner who ploughs roads across the ice and clears sites for the ice houses.
1890T. H. Bean in Forest & Stream XXXV. 417 (title) *Ice fishing in arctic Alaska. 1907J. G. Millais Newfoundland i. 9 Twenty years at the ‘ice fishing’ (seal hunting)..will try the strongest man. 1970Globe & Mail (Toronto) 25 Sept. 35/6 (Advt.), Sand beach, floating dock, very private, ice fishing.
1873J. Geikie Gt. Ice Age (1894) 542, I may shortly describe one or two of the better known of the old *ice-flows.
1694Acc. Sev. Late Voy. ii. (1711) 41 Just as *Ice flowers on our Glass-windows, get all sorts of figures.
1909E. Shackleton Heart of Antarctic II. 341 Ice-flowers occurred on freshwater ice at Clear Lake. 1911J. Masefield Jim Davis iii. 26 The frost had covered the window with ice-flowers, so that we could not see through the glass. 1955Arctic Terms 42/1 Ice flower, a delicate tuft of frost or rime, resembling a fern or flower, that occasionally forms on surface sea ice around a salt crystal nucleus. 1965P. Wayre Wind in Reeds vi. 79 All along the tide mark the frost had formed delicate ice-flowers.
1890Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. I. 201 Further inland, where plains are found up to altitudes of a thousand or more feet above sea level, I think the water in which they accumulated was fresh water, temporarily ponded by the *ice front. 1957G. E. Hutchinson Treat. Limnol. I. xv. 833 The receding ice front passed Hertford about 19,500 years ago. 1966B. B. Baker et al. Gloss. Oceanogr. Terms (ed. 2) 83/1 Ice front (also called front, ice cliff, ice face, ice wall), (1) the seaward facing, cliff-like edge of an ice shelf (so called by the British Antarctic Place-names Committee), (2) any vertical wall of ice.
1862Congress. Globe 2896/1 The island is..below the bend in the Delaware, and hence mainly out of danger from *ice gorges. 1884W. H. Bishop in Harper's Mag. Mar. 514/2 An ice-gorge forming in the river..has smashed..whole fleets of them. 1925E. Sitwell Troy Park 40 Leaves like a starry crown Are clear as the splintered star *ice-green That is a crown for a negro queen. 1934L. B. Lyon White Hare 16 The washed sky opened like an arctic rose, ice-green. 1938W. de la Mare Memory 62 Skies ice-green.
1905Forestry Bureau Bull. (U.S.) No. 61, 40 *Ice guards, heavy timbers fastened fan shaped about a cluster of boom piles at an angle of approximately 30 degrees to the surface of the water. They prevent the destruction of the boom by ice, through forcing it to mount the guards and be broken up. 1947Jrnl. R. Aeronaut. Soc. LI. 298/2 In the early stages of the war some Mosquitos had flown home from Sweden through bad icing weather. The machines had reached home, but there was a complaint that they had lost 2 lb. of boost because the ice guards had iced up completely.
1907Yesterday's Shopping (1969) 599/4 Electro-plated ice tongs and *ice hammer. 1932Mountaineering Jrnl. Dec. 100 The ice-hammer is used for chiselling steps and handholds as well as for driving in pitons. 1933G. D. Abraham Mod. Mountaineering ix. 175 Young Continental experts..have evolved the ice hammer which is used for driving in the pitons. 1953J. Hunt Ascent Everest i. iv. 38 The more familiar gear..rope and line, pitons, snaplinks, icehammers and axes.
1864Chambers's Jrnl. 100/2 The season of the *ice-harvest being short and uncertain. 1884Longm. Mag. Feb. 413 The ice harvest lasts about two months. 1904Westm. Gaz. 17 Mar. 2/1 Men with horses were ploughing the ice-harvest of the river.
1883Boy's Own Paper 13 Oct. 30/1 For *ice hockey the ball is from six to seven inches in circumference. 1898Daily News 28 Nov. 8/7 The first ice hockey match at Niagara took place on Saturday. 1907Westm. Gaz. 4 Dec. 7/2 An ice-hockey match at Prince's last night. 1909Ibid. 18 Jan. 12/4 The great ice carnivals, skating championships, and ice-hockey matches. 1940Auden Another Time 26 Superb at ice-hockey, a prince at the dance, He's fierce as the tigers, secretive as plants. 1970Guardian 5 Jan. 14/5 Canada yesterday withdrew from this year's world ice hockey championships after losing their battle to allow professionals to take part.
1846R. H. Bonnycastle Canada & Canadians in 1846 II. 3, I have mentioned that, in the spring of 1845, an *ice-jam, as it is called here, occurred, which suddenly raised the level of the Niagara thirty and forty feet above its ordinary floods. 1863Lyell Antiq. Man viii. (ed. 3) 139 When ‘ice-jams’ occur on the St. Lawrence. 1909Westm. Gaz. 23 Apr. 8/2 The great ice-jam at Niagara. 1924M. H. Mason Arctic Forests 246 In the depth of winter they travelled by dog-sled over the rough ice jams of Bear River. 1959Washington Post 3 Feb. A.16/1 A willingness to explore new ideas could help break the East-West ice-jam. 1962R. B. Fuller Epic Poem on Industrialization 158 The inevitable Social-economic ice jam.
1860All Year Round No. 39. 293 The man with the *ice-ladder on wheels..cannot get any nearer to me.
1893Kipling Seven Seas (1896) 29 Down a cruel *ice-lane, That opened as he sped, We saw dead Henry Hudson Steer, North by West, his dead.
1879Encycl. Brit. VIII. 731/2 At this point the steam line, *ice line, and hoar-frost line intersect, and it has therefore been called the triple point. 1937M. W. Zemansky Heat & Thermodynamics xi. 177 In investigating the ice line of water at very high temperatures, Bridgman and Tammann discovered four new modifications of ice.
1893Jrnl. Geol. I. 131 Moraines formed by the Great Miami *ice lobe. 1954W. D. Thornbury Princ. Geomorphol. xvi. 384 The edges of the ice caps were probably never straight for any great distance, but in addition to many minor reentrants and projections along their margins there were numerous larger protrusions or ice lobes down lowlands.
1949Ice Cream Topics June 12 *Ice lollies or iced lollies..sell at 1d. or 2d. and capture the kiddy trade, being cheaper than cones and wafers filled with ice cream. 1957Times 22 Aug. 8/6 They..drip ice-lollies on the desk. 1970Daily Tel. (Colour Suppl.) 2 Jan. 24/4 Ishmahil licked at a spoon of caviar as if it were an ice-lolly.
1850T. Masters Short Treat. Production Ice iii. 19 The patent *ice machine and its various modifications. Before giving a detailed description of the ice machine,..it will be as well to mention a few of the prominent advantages it possesses. 1873C. M. Yonge Pillars of House II. xvii. 129 Is he awake? I have brought some more ice... I have a little ice-machine for Indian use. 1897‘Mark Twain’ Following Equator iii. 62 The ice-machine has traveled all over the world. 1973Country Life 8 Feb. 345/1 There are enough hotels..to suit any pocket. And swimming pools, air-conditioning and ice-machines are usually included.
1953Dylan Thomas Under Milk Wood (1954) 61 The butcher's unmelting *icemaiden daughter veiled for ever from the hungry hug of his eyes. 1968V. Canning Melting Man v. 134 Now stop doing an ice-maiden act on me. Write it off to experience. 1970B. Turner Another Little Death xx. 118 Her ice-maiden act was a cover for frustrated lust.
1775Barker in Phil. Trans. LXV. 252 The *ice-maker belonging to me..made a sufficient quantity in the winter for the supply of the table during the summer season. 1792Williams ibid. LXXXIII. 56 The ice-makers informed me the cold was most intense. 1927Daily Tel. 11 May 18/3 New patent non-chemical refrigerator and ice-maker. 1969K. Amis Green Man i. 12 The ice-maker had broken down. 1970Cape Times 28 Oct. (S.A. Fishing Rev.) 6/6 (Advt.), South African Agents for Skokie international seawater ice makers.
1677Plot Oxfordsh. 27 They [the Oxford watermen] frequently meet the *Ice-meers (for so they call the cakes of Ice thus coming from the bottom) in their very rise.
1891Pall Mall G. 30 Nov. 3/1 A wedge of rounded rock, worn smooth by the vast *ice-mills of the glacial epoch.
1846R. Ford Gatherings from Spain vii. 74 The leading animal is furnished with a copper bell with a wooden clapper..which is shaped like an *ice-mould. 1864Chambers's Jrnl. 101/1 A continuous current through the cistern containing the ice-moulds.
1873Young Englishwoman July 334/1 We put in a block as large as the tin will hold, and then with an *ice-needle, price one shilling, break up the rest of the ice. 1928Funk's Stand. Dict., Ice-needles, n.pl., a deposit of ice, especially in gravelly soil, in the form of vertical needles. 1937Jrnl. R. Aeronaut. Soc. XLI. 598 A further very rare case occurs when at a high altitude in the ‘ice needle clouds’..a light accretion of hoar frost..forms on the aeroplane. 1965H. Riehl Introd. Atmosphere v. 100 Ice needles are long thin crystals forming on very cold winter days through sublimation... Floating leisurely in the air, they provide a magnificent spectacle when the sun is shining on them. 1970R. J. Small Study of Landforms x. 323 Another process which leads to the upheaval of material in the active layer [of the soil] is the development of small localised ice-masses and ice-needles (‘pipkraker’).
1853Kane Grinnell Exp. xxviii. (1856) 234 Apprehensions of being frozen up in the heart of the *ice-pack. 1900Daily Chron. 12 Nov. 5/6 The condition of Lord Roberts's daughter is somewhat serious. Ice-packs have been applied. 1926Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 3 Jan. 3/3 The letter informed the President [Coolidge] that the [Detroit Aviation] society was about to join in an attempt to explore the ice pack between Point Barrow and the Ice Pole. 1930Times Educ. Suppl. 25 Jan. p. iv/1 Rocky outcrops and ice-packs. 1955Sci. Amer. Apr. 52/3 The Atka saw very little of the drifting ice pack that surrounds the continent. 1973R. Ludlum Matlock Paper xiv. 129 There's a nurse in there with ice packs and stuff if localized pain bothers her.
1773Lond. Chron. 7 Sept. 248/3 *Ice-pails. 1850Lever Martins of Cro' M. 264 Four bottles..rose from amidst the crystal ruins of a well-filled ice-pail.
1901Geogr. Jrnl. July 40 The *ice-pans appear to drift capriciously backward and forward, and, without any apparent cause, they will select some unexpected course. 1926Blackw. Mag. July 67/1 An awful journey through a country devoid of human beings, across treacherous moving ice-pans. 1934I. W. Hutchison North to Rime-Ringed Sun xii. 120 Suddenly out of the mist, upon an ice-pan, stood the little shrivelled figure of an old Eskimo hunter of seals. 1963Calgary Herald 20 Sept., Turquoise ice pans (last year's ice) cluttered the water just off shore.
1876Agassiz Geol. Sk. Ser. ii. 100 The vegetation which succeeded the *ice-period was of a different character.
a1877Knight Dict. Mech. II. 1169/1 *Ice-pick (Domestic), an awl-shaped tool to break ice into fragments. 1879F. R. Stockton Rudder Grange i, It is not probable that I can sell that ice-pick after you have used it for ten years. 1883[see ice-crusher, sense 7 a]. 1937E. A. M. Wedderburn Alpine Climbing ii. 29 A Hammer for driving in ring-spikes may be combined with an ice-pick; this weapon is..useful for cutting steps..in very steep ice. 1953E. S. Gardner Case of Green-Eyed Sister (1959) viii. 97 J. J. Fritch was killed by repeated stabs with an ice-pick. 1960News Chron. 11 June 2/8 Jacques Mornard, ice-pick assassin of Leon Trotsky.
1881J. C. Lyell Fancy Pigeons 81 The *Ice Pigeon. This variety derives its name from its beautiful lavender blue colour, considered by the German fanciers to resemble blue ice. 1969C. R. Hill Pet Library's Pigeon Guide viii. 151 (caption) White barred blue Ice Pigeon, young cock. A German exhibition breed. Ibid. 152 Ice pigeon, blue spangled, old hen.
1865Nation (N.Y.) 3 Aug. 159/3 (Advt.), At this season of the year nothing adds more to one's comfort than to drink freely of the contents of our new pattern richly double-plated *ice pitchers. 1883‘Mark Twain’ Life on Mississippi xviii. 221 Take that ice-pitcher down to the texas⁓tender.
1775Barker in Phil. Trans. LXV. 255 In their..visits with me to the *ice-pits.
1932Mountaineering Jrnl. Dec. 100 *Ice-pitons are made of wrought iron not too soft and not too brittle, 7 to 10 inches long and saw-toothed along both edges. 1954W. Noyce South Col vi. 110 We then fixed the bridge and tied it down with ice pitons. 1956C. Evans On Climbing vii. 114, I should be reluctant to trust a piton for this, since ice-pitons are less certain in their hold than rock-pitons.
1876Lady C. Schreiber Jrnl. (1911) I. 443 Small *ice-plates have now become the object of our pursuit. 1902H. James Wings of Dove v. x. 178 The very servant who came to receive Milly's empty ice-plate. 1907Yesterday's Shopping (1969) 944 (caption) Ice plates.
1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, *Ice-plane, an instrument for smoothing away the rough surface of ice..before cutting and carting it away for storage. 1875Knight Dict. Mech., Ice-plane,..2, an instrument for shaving off fragments of ice for cooling drinks.
1903Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A. CC. 108 The Comité International adopted as the normal scale of temperature the scale of a constant-volume hydrogen thermometer, in which the pressure at the *ice-point was 1000 millims. of mercury. Ibid., The coefficient for hydrogen, at a pressure of 100 millims. of mercury at the ice-point, is given..as 0·00366254. 1941Temperature (Amer. Inst. Physics) i. 10 A limitation of this scale [sc. Kelvin's thermodynamic scale] is that if we make the fundamental interval from the ice point to the steam point 100 degrees, the actual temperature of the ice point is subject to experimental determination. 1966Units & Standards of Measurement: Temperature (Nat. Physical Lab.) (ed. 2) 18 Changes made in 1960 to the text of the International Temperature Scale of 1948... The triple-point of water was given formal status as one of the defining fixed points of the scale... Its value was given as 0·01°C (Int. 1948) and the ice point appeared among the secondary fixed points with the value 0·000°C.
1851W. P. Snow Voy. ‘Prince Albert’ 154 The slackest and thinnest part of the floe, or fragment, was cut into with the axes and chisels until some fortunate blow or prise of the *ice-pole rent and loosened it. 1906J. Lumsden Skipper Parson 107 This useful instrument also serves as an ice pole, enabling the daring sealer..to leap from ‘pan to pan’. 1970Globe & Mail (Toronto) 28 Sept. 4/4 Men working on the ice..should hold a boat-hook or small ice-pole in their hands.
1869Punch 10 July 2/2 An *ice-pudding to follow turtle soup, or boiled mutton to be eaten after custard. 1888J. Payn Myst. Mirbridge (Tauchn.) II. i. 8 From soup till ice-pudding time.
1911Jrnl. Geol. XIX. 157 He has never detected any evidence of *ice push against shores as a result of expansion. 1939P. G. Worcester Textbk. Geomorphol. xii. 383 Although unimportant on most sea shores, the shores of many lakes that freeze over in winter are profoundly affected by ice push. 1957G. E. Hutchinson Treat. Limnol. I. vii. 532 This sheet may then exert pressure on the shore, forcing gravel and stones landward and building an ice push or ice rampart. 1969J. L. Davies Landforms Cold Climates iv. 63 Seasonally frozen lakes in the tundra and elsewhere may form ice-push ramparts around their edges.
1853Kane Grinnell Exp. xxxii. (1856) 279 The deep stillness..the mysterious *ice-pulse, as if the energies were gathering for another strife.
1891Dublin Rev. Oct. 278 The perils of the awful *ice-quake in the convulsed and riven floe.
1856Kane Arct. Expl. II. xxiii. 228 The transporting forces of the *ice-raft. 1873J. Geikie Gt. Ice Age xxviii. 393 Fleets of icebergs and icerafts.
1895Westm. Gaz. 3 Aug. 1/3 A barque-rigged sailing-ship..furnished with a double copper hull and *ice-ram.
1901E. R. Buckley in Trans. Wisc. Acad. Sci., Arts & Lett. XIII. 142 The diurnal and weekly changes of temperature during the winter months cause a sufficient expansion and contraction of the ice covering the inland lakes of Wisconsin to shove up the sand, gravel, boulders, and sod along the shores into peculiar ridges, known as *ice ramparts. 1968R. W. Fairbridge Encycl. Geomorphol. 546/1 Along the margins of ice-covered lakes and seas and the shores of the Arctic Ocean the effects of floating ice pressure (under wind stress) may be observed, leading to the building of large pressure-ridges in the beach gravels and other littoral deposits... The terms ice-shore ridges and ice ramparts are also sometimes used.
1886Field 13 Mar. 310/1 Nor is it less strange that so few *ice rinks are found in England. 1930Daily Express 16 Aug. 3/1 By the middle of October there will be at least nine ice-rinks in London alone. 1953X. Fielding Stronghold 277 The surface of this winding watercourse was like that of a shattered ice-rink.
1872Tyndall Forms of Water §364 It is indubitable that an *ice-river..once flowed through the vale of Hasli.
1900Daily News 30 Nov. 5/2 The new *ice-run for tobogganers..is almost ready for use. 1910H. G. Wells Hist. Mr. Polly vi, Mr. Polly swerved a little from the conversational ice-run upon which he had embarked.
1895Brewer's Dict. Phrase & Fable (new ed.) 643/2 *Ice Saints, those saints whose days fall in..‘the black-thorn winter’. 1922Meteorol. Mag. LVII. 177 The quasi-periodic occurrence of a cold spell lasting for a few days early in May is a well-known popular belief... On the Continent three ‘Saint Days’, those of St. Mamertius, St. Pancras and St. Gervais, falling on May 11th, 12th and 13th..are popularly known as the Eisheiligen, or ‘Ice Saints’. 1936Times 13 Feb. 14/1 May will be remembered mainly on account of the severe frost during the period 12th to 19th, an impressive vindication of the firmly rooted tradition of the ‘Ice Saints’. 1969Guardian 7 June 7/5 There was the normal cold iceburst in mid-May, but it came a week later than the proverbial ‘Ice Saints’ days on the Continent.
1842Francis Dict. Arts etc., *Ice-saw, a large saw used for cutting through the ice, for relieving ships when frozen up. 1878A. H. Markham Gt. Frozen Sea iv. 49 Ice-saw crews were organized in readiness for cutting a dock.
1904J. D. Hooker Let. 3 Dec. in L. Huxley Life J. D. Hooker (1918) II. 457 His landscapes, seascapes and *ice⁓scapes are most interesting. 1936J. Grierson High Failure ix. 208, I had never before experienced the hypnotic splendour of the ice-scape. It seemed as though I were flying in a dream. 1969Sunday Times 9 Feb. 6 The whole icescape was awash with light.
1936Finch & Trewartha Elem. Geogr. xvii. 364 The surface configuration of plains where *ice scour was predominant is characterized by rounded rock hills and broad open valleys with comparatively low local relief. 1968R. W. Fairbridge Encycl. Geomorphol. 502/2 The basins of the Great Lakes..were formed by a combination of stream erosion during Mesozoic to Pleistocene times and glacial ice scour in the Pleistocene.
1936Finch & Trewartha Elem. Geogr. xvii. 364 The drift of *ice-scoured plains commonly is neither deep enough nor continuous enough to be tillable except in patches. 1954W. D. Thornbury Princ. Geomorphol. xvi. 385 In areas where the surface over which the ice caps moved was mountainous..the result was not an ice-scoured plain, but a general smoothing off..of the topography.
1901Science 5 Apr. 552/1 *Ice-scouring during maximum glaciation reached far up the mountain slopes above the trough walls. 1957G. E. Hutchinson Treat. Limnol. I. i. 57 The Saint Gotthard lakes..are noted..as having been formed by ice-scouring.
1965D. Bathgate in Scottish Mountaineering Club Jrnl. XXVIII. 109 At the shortest point I surmounted the steep part, fixed an *ice screw, and then traversed back across the centre of the ice to about twenty feet above the belay. 1968P. Crew Encycl. Dict. Mountaineering 71/1 Ice-screws are very effective as they can be used on most types of ice..with a reasonable degree of security and they are very easy to remove after use. 1971C. Bonington Annapurna South Face x. 116 It's difficult to get an ice-screw started, rather like an ordinary screw in hard wood—you first have to tap out a little hole to allow the thread to get a purchase.
1894J. Geikie Gt. Ice Age (ed. 3) 830 The *ice-shed in Scandinavia did not coincide with the water-parting. 1932E. G. Woods Baltic Region 159 When the ice-shed lay east of the watershed..a considerable amount of ice and also water flowed along the originally eastward⁓sloping valleys towards the west. 1957J. K. Charlesworth Quaternary Era I. iv. 77 The iceshed, more than 1000 miles (1600 km) long, seems to lie behind South Victoria Land and Dronning Maud Mountains.
1914T. W. E. David in Geogr. Jrnl. XLIII. 606 If the meaning of the term ‘shelf’ can be extended to include old pack ice, old bay ice, ‘schollen-eis’, piedmonts aground or afloat, glacier tongues, etc., it may be termed the *ice shelf coast, or, as it is hardly a true coast at all, simply ice shelf. 1940Beaver June 22/1 The men worked with feverish energy to repair the damage caused by the treacherous ice shelf. 1958Times 13 Jan. 9/6 We..made our very laborious way..on to the flat going of the Ross ice shelf itself. 1958J. H. Zumberge Elem. Geol. x. 180 Masses of ice that break off from the edge of the various ice shelves form the huge tabular icebergs unique to the Antarctic region.
1885Schley & Soley Rescue of Greely viii. 113 The first [i.e. sealers] are distinctively *ice-ships.
1824Blackw. Mag. XV. 172/2 His one hand armed with a broom, and his other charged with the *ice-shoes, or tramps.
1875J. Croll Climate & T. xxx. 510 Blocks of ice..in the windows of *ice-shops.
1897Sears, Roebuck Catal. 97/2 *Ice skates. 1912T. Dreiser Financier 36 He was an adept at turning all sorts of practical tricks, such as..taking the agency for the sale of a new kind of ice-skate from an ice-skate company. 1950Oxf. Jun. Encycl. IX. 432 There are three principal kinds of ice skates: those for figure-skating, for hockey, and for racing.
1937*Ice-skater [see audition v. 2].
1948Evening News 2 Jan. 2/6 Two nephews are down on the creek *ice-skating. 1957Encycl. Brit. XX. 730/1 An additional valuable impetus in bringing figure skating before the public was the ice-skating carnival. 1973E.-J. Bahr Nice Neighbourhood vi. 61 We told him about the museums, free exhibits, outdoor concerts, ice-skating, bicycling.
1897E. L. Voynich Gadfly iii. viii. 353 He might have recalled some splendid and fearful *ice-spirit of the mountains. 1900Month Jan. 85, I took you for that evil thing, the ice-spirit, who freezes the limbs of our people.
1901(title) *Ice sports. 1908Daily Chron. 27 July 4/4 Boating in summer and ice sports in winter.
1617Minsheu Ductor, *Ice-spurre, a shooe driuen full of iron nailes pointed. 1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. iv. i. 240 He standeth but in a slippery place; and therefore needs constantly to wear ice-spurres, for he rather glides than goes. 1893Westm. Gaz. 27 Mar. 4/2 The party had to unbuckle their shoes and climb, with the help of ice-spurs and axes.
1868B. J. Lossing Hudson 304 Rockland Lake village..[is] the most extensive *ice-station on the river.
1898J. O. Maund in W. A. Morgan ‘House’ on Sport 276 It took but a moment before our *ice steps were filled with these hailstones. 1908Westm. Gaz. 25 Jan. 14/1 We stood in the ice-steps. 1931Discovery Feb. 41/1 To cut ice-steps all along so great a ridge will be an affair not of hours but of a day or two.
1876‘Mark Twain’ Punch, Brothers, Punch! (1878) 17 We have to credit the weather with..the *ice-storm. 1886J. Geikie Outl. Geol. 50 By repeated thawings and regelations the branches and boughs are gradually loaded with ice and snow, and becoming top-heavy, the trees are liable to fall, even when no wind is blowing. Should one be over-thrown, it collides against its neighbour, and this in turn falls upon another, until shortly the trees are seen crashing to the ground in all directions. This is what is known in North America as an ice-storm. 1899Daily News 20 An ‘ice storm’ in Somerset..reminded me of a sudden hailstorm. 1921R. Frost Mountain Interval 29 But swinging doesn't bend them down to stay. Ice-storms do that. 1965Kingston (Ontario) Whig-Standard 13 Dec. 19/1 Nearly every cloud has a silver lining and Sunday's ice-storm was no exception. 1968Ice storm [see freezing ppl. a. 1].
1872C. King Mountaineer. Sierra Nev. vii. 147, I found unmistakable *ice-striae, showing that the glacier had actually poured over the brink.
1876T. G. Bonney in Proc. Geol. Soc. No. 306 Wales, Scotland, and Scandinavia must have had their own *ice-systems.
1893Funk's Stand. Dict., *Ice-tongue, a steep, narrow cliff of ice, rising high above glacial névé, and extending upward toward the higher mountain-peaks. 1896Amer. Geologist XVIII. 155 Between the ice-tongue which filled the cove and the hills on the west, coarse gravels were deposited. 1919E. Shackleton South viii. 129 At the head of an ice-tongue that nearly closed the gap through which we might enter the open space was a wave-worn berg. 1968R. W. Fairbridge Encycl. Geomorphol. 673/1 Where the borders of these ice sheets roughly coincide with the coastal mountain ranges, the ice spills through them in the form of ice rivers called outlet glaciers or ice tongues.
1936New Yorker 29 Feb. 37/2 (Advt.), Then think of *ice-trays—stacks of them. 1962Which? June 176/2 We filled the ice trays with cold water..and set the thermostats to coldest. 1965M. Spark Mandelbaum Gate iv. 109 A scarred, lop-sided oil refrigerator..stood in the passage outside, from which anyone who wanted beer took it, depositing the money in the ice-tray.
1915Jrnl. Geol. XXIII. 642 The constant association of *ice wedges with definite loci of frost cracks. 1970C. A. Lewis Glaciations Wales ii. 29 Near Traian (328365) a large fossil ice-wedge..cuts the deposits in a small quarry.
1928Daily Express 10 Oct. 3/3 Where an *ice-white salmon stream flows through a gorge. 1931Daily Tel. 21 May 6/3 A gown of very heavy ice white satin.
1882*Ice wool [see eis wool]. 1926Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 10 Jan. 18/1 Ice Wool Scarves in a good assortment of colors, stripes or plain shades, with contrasting stripe borders.
1882Standard 1 Dec. 5/4 The *ice yacht is really a skeleton boat mounted on gigantic runners.
1881Scribner's Mag. XXII. 532/1 *Ice-yachting seems to be the acme of recklessness.
Add:[I.] [4.] f. A potent, crystalline form of the drug methamphetamine, smoked (illegally) as a stimulant. slang (orig. U.S.).
1989N.Y. Times 23 Sept. 23/4 Ice, a super-‘speed’, is spreading through California. 1989Daily Tel. 3 Oct. 11/1 Like those smoking crack, ice users initially suffer weight loss and insomnia because of the stimulation effects. 1990Sky Mag. Apr. 91/1 ‘However shit your life is, ice, at first, makes things better..’ is how one addict of the new American horror drug ice, describes its effects... The new drug has triggered a crisis in Hawaii.
▸ ice beer n. a type of mild, light lager which has been filtered at sub-zero temperatures; (also, esp. in early use) = Eisbock n.
1991‘Ice Beer’? in rec.food.drink (Usenet newsgroup) 22 Feb. On a recent trip to Germany (my only trip) someone mentioned to me that there was a barley product known as *Ice Beer. 1993Vancouver Sun 21 May a17 I'm not sticking around to chill out over ice beer and the carefully cultivated cynicism of newspaper shop talk. 2001S. Walton Out of It (2002) p. xviii, The export-strength lagers that became conspicuously popular in the 1980s have been followed by ice-beers.
▪ II. ice, v.|aɪs|
Also 5 yse, 7 yce.
[f. the n.]
1. trans.
a. To cover with ice. (Also to ice over.) to ice up, to fill up with ice; also, to hold fast with ice.
b. To convert into ice; to freeze, congeal.
a1400–50Alexander 2883 (Dublin MS.) To þe grete flode of gratun to-geder þai ryddyn, And fyndyn it frosyn þaim byfore, a fute-thyke ysyd. 1602Marston Antonio's Rev. i. iii. Wks. 1856 I. 80 My trembling joynts (Iced quite over with a froz'd cold sweate). a1639Webster Appius & Virginia v. (1654) 59 This sight hath stiffned all my operant powers, ic'd all my blood, benum'd my motion quite. 1658R. White tr. Digby's Powd. Symp. (1660) 147 When it is iced all ouer, he shall feel neither heat nor cold. 1829Examiner 21/2 A frost that iced the spray of the sea as it fell on the deck. 1856Kane Arct. Expl. I. xvii. 201 Icing up again the opening in the walls. 1899C. J. C. Hyne Further Adventures Capt. Kettle xii, The boats are frozen on to the chocks... Did you never see a boat iced up before?
c. fig. To cause to become frigid or cold and reserved in manner; cf. to break the ice: ice n. 2 b.
1741Richardson Pamela (1824) I. xxix. 293 Laying myself open to too early a suspicion, I thought would but ice the girl over. 1748― Clarissa (1811) III. i. 3 Such a sudden transition must affect her; must ice her over.
2. a. To cover or garnish (cakes, etc.) with a concretion of sugar (cf. icing).
1602Plat Delightes for Ladies xviii, To make Tumbolds..when they are baked, yce them. 1725Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. March pane, To ice March-Panes. 1852E. Acton Mod. Cookery xvi. (ed. 11) 335 The best mode of icing fruit tarts..is to moisten the paste with cold water, sift sugar thickly upon it [etc.].
b. fig. To cover or surround as with ice.
1679T. Puller Mod. of the Ch. of Engl. To Rdr. a iij, Noise and passion, and hardy confidence, iced over with some sanctimonious pretences. 1890Clark Russell Ocean Trag. II. xxv. 281 The moon..was now icing her crimson visage with crystal.
3. To refrigerate with ice; to cool (esp. wine) by placing among ice.
1825T. Cosnett Footman's Direct. 130 If you have ice⁓pails to ice the wine, let this be done. 1877Mrs. Forrester Mignon I. 24 The champagne is iced. 1885Times (weekly ed.) 18 Sept. 15/1 The fish are iced, packed in boxes.
4. a. To make cold; to freeze, chill. Chiefly fig.
1804A. Seward Lett. (1811) VI. 137 That unfortunate..proneness to scepticism, which iced his affections. 1836Dickens Sk. Boz (1837) I. iii. 24 Thus they vegetated—living in Polar harmony among themselves, and..occasionally iceing the neighbours. 1845A. M. Hall Whiteboy vi. 52 Much trouble had iced her nature. 1873M. Collins Squire Silchester III. iii. 26 Her very enthusiasms were cold; she iced you..by the tone of her conversation.
b. To kill. U.S. slang.
1969New Yorker 15 Feb. 51 A friend of his had come to his apartment..in clothes that were spattered with blood, and announced, ‘I just iced two girls.’ 1973Guardian 6 Mar. 14/3 A would-be assassin who considers it his mission to ‘ice the fascist pig police’.
5. a. intr. To turn to ice; to freeze. Also fig.
1839Bailey Festus xx. (1848) 266 Winter is when these we love have perished For the heart ices then. Ibid. xxviii. 336 When the poles Are icing.
b. Esp. of aircraft: to become covered with ice (and thus rendered ineffective). Const. up. Chiefly in pass.
1928Aviation 16 Apr. 1032/2 Once a plane has become iced-up, two alternatives for clearing away the accumulation of glazing may be available. 1940Times (Weekly ed.) 10 Jan. p. ii/4 During the operations a snowstorm was encountered and the aircraft became badly iced-up, in addition to being subjected to anti-aircraft fire. 1943Aeronautics Mar. 60/1 The wings and controls may be iced up. 1947Sci. News IV. 72 A ship has often been thoroughly de-greased by wind-swept rain and spray before it becomes iced-up. 1950T. Longstaff This my Voyage ii. 24 By now we were all looking like Arctic travellers, well iced-up.
▸ trans. Ice Hockey. a. to ice the puck: to hit the puck from one's own half of the rink into the area behind the opponent's goal line, and thus (usually) incur a penalty. See icing n. Additions.
1933Middletown (N.Y.) Times Herald (Electronic text) 28 Dec. If one outfit continually ‘ices’ the puck up the other end of the rink, no amount of speedy play by the attackers can remedy the situation. 1966Canadian 29 Jan. 5/3 The defending team, not allowed to ice the puck into the attacking team's end, must stickhandle or pass to waste..time. 1977Washington Post 6 Feb. d2/4 The Capitals inadvertently iced the puck. 2001Intelligencer (Doylestown, Pa.) 7 Oct. c7/1 The Flyers outshot the Jackets..who were content to ice the puck time after time in the last 10 minutes.
b. orig. and chiefly Canad. To select (a team or individual) to play; to send out (a team) on to the ice. Cf. field v. 6.
1943Lethbridge (Alberta) Herald 26 Aug. 10/3 Spokesmen for all last season's entries in the Quebec senior hockey league said..they ‘hoped’ to ice teams again this season. 1963Whig-Standard (Kingston, Ontario) 5 Feb. 10/1 McGill iced many potent and colorful teams but none ever won the Canadian title. 1996Ice Hockey News Rev. 21 Dec. 12/2 For last week's game the Netherlands had taken a decision to ice a relatively inexperienced team. 2006Star Phoenix (Saskatoon, Sask.) (Nexis) 21 Feb. b3 The Swedes iced six players Monday aged 20 years or younger. |