| 释义 |
hypostasis|hɪp-, haɪˈpɒstəsɪs|
Pl. hypostases |-siːz|.
[a. late L. hypostasis, a. Gr. ὑπόστασις (f. ὑπό hypo- 1 + στάσις standing, position, state), lit. that which stands under, hence, sediment; also, groundwork, foundation, subject-matter; later, substance, subsistence, existence, reality, essence, personality (see below).
The development of sense, esp. in Metaphysics and Theology, belongs to Neo-Platonic and Early Christian use; the English senses only reflect those established in late Greek. See Chambers Cycl. s.v.]
1. Med.
a. Sediment, deposit; spec. that of urine.
[1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. v. xlv. (Bodl. MS.), By substaunce and colour of vrine & namelich by diuers regions þereof þat physicians clepen ypostasym.] 1590Marlowe 2nd Pt. Tamburl. v. iii, I view'd your urine, and the hypostasis, Thick and obscure, doth make your danger great. 1683Salmon Doron Med. ii. 433 Then put them into a cold place, that its hypostasis may appear. 1753N. Torriano Gangr. Sore Throat 118 The Water..tended to deposit a laudable Hypostasis. 1855in Mayne Expos. Lex.
b. Hyperæmia in dependent organs of the body, caused by subsidence of the blood into these parts.
1855in Mayne Expos. Lex. 1866–80A. Flint Princ. Med. (ed. 5) 193 The prevention and removal of hypostasis in the dependent portions of the lungs. 1897Allbutt Syst. Med. II. 961 The skin and internal organs..as well as any post-mortem hypostases, exhibit a bright red colour.
†2. Base, foundation, groundwork, prop, support.
1577tr. Bullinger's Decades i. iv. 82 The substance, or hypostasis, is the foundation, or the unmoveable prop, which upholdeth us. 1621S. Ward Life of Faith (1627) 46 And is not Faith an Hypostasis and euidence to thee of an infallible inheritance?
3. Metaph. That which subsists, or underlies anything; substance: (a) as opposed to qualities, attributes, or ‘accidents’; (b) as distinguished from what is unsubstantial, as a shadow or reflection.
1605Timme Quersit. Ded. 1 That spirit of life..acteth in all creatures, giving them existence in three—to wit, salt, sulphure, and mercury, in one hupostasis. 1670Moral State Eng. 43 It commonly turneth even the souls of its votaries into its own Hypostasis. 1720Waterland Eight Serm. 155 The Ante-Nicene as well as Post-Nicene Writers understood the Phrases of Christ's being the Image of God, and express Image of his Hypostasis. 1817Coleridge Biog. Lit. I. viii. 130 Either as a property or attribute or as an hypostasis or self-subsistence. 1870Outl. Hamilton's Philos. 170 We cannot think a quality existing absolutely, in or of itself; we are constrained to think it as inhering in some basis, substratum, hypostasis, subject or substance.
4. Essence, principle, essential principle.
1678Cudworth Intell. Syst. i. i. §22 That Plato and his followers held τρεῖς ἀρχικὰς ὑποστάσεις, Three Hypostases in the Deity, that were the first Principles of all things, is a thing very well known to all. 1685Crowne Sir C. Nice ii. Dram. Wks. 1874 III. 276 A scholar..emptied by old suck-eggs of all that nature gave me, and crumbl'd full of essences, hypostases and other stuff o' their baking. 1688Norris Theory Love i. ii. 7 We know Love is made the first Hypostasis in the Platonic Triad. 1702tr. Le Clerc's Prim. Fathers 72 Three Hypostases, which are the Three Principles of all things. 1847Lewes Hist. Philos. (1867) I. 392 God therefore in his absolute state—in his first and highest hypostasis—is neither Existence nor Thought, neither moved nor mutable.
5. Theol. Personality, personal existence, person: (a) distinguished from nature, as in the one ‘hypostasis’ of Christ as distinguished from his two natures (human and divine), (b) distinguished from substance, as in the three ‘hypostases’ or ‘persons’ of the Godhead, which are said to be the same in ‘substance’.
[1747Johnson Plan Eng. Dict. Wks. 1787 IX. 170 Of those [words] which still continue in the state of aliens,..some seem necessary to be retained..such are some terms of controversial divinity, as hypostasis. ]
a1529Skelton Col. Clout 534 And what ipostacis Of Christes manhode is. 1565T. Stapleton Fortr. Faith 148 b, Those busy heads would for thre persons, saie thre hipostases. 1600J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa xvii. 391 The Cofti fearing, that to attribute two natures unto Christ, might be all one, as if they had assigned him two hypostases or persons, to avoid the heresie of the Nestorians, they became Eutichians. 1602W. Watson Quodlibets 49 (Stanf.) By reason of the hypostasis or hypostaticall vnion of his deitie to his humanity. 1620T. Granger Div. Logike 43 The Brutall soule is materiall,..not subsisting by it selfe (therefore a beast is not hypostasis, id est, a person). 1651Jer. Taylor Serm. for Year i. i. 2 That two natures could be concentred into one hypostasis (or person). 1682H. More Annot. Glanvill's Lux O. 95 There is no confusion of the Humane and Divine Nature in the Hypostasis of Christ. a1716South Serm. (1717) IV. 299 [It] is urged by some to relate..to the three Hypostases of the Godhead. 1782Priestley Corrupt. Chr. I. i. 103 The word hypostasis..we now render person. 1833R. Pinkerton Russia 46 The eternal beginning of the hypostasis of the Holy Ghost.
6. Bot. (See quot.)
1866Treas. Bot. 615/2 Hypostasis, the suspensor of an embryo.
7. Genetics. [Back-formation from hypostatic a. 3] The inhibition of the expression of one gene by the action of another non-allelic (epistatic) gene.
1917Genetics II. 615/1 (Index), Hypostasis. 1962I. H. Herskowitz Genetics vii. 53/1 Genes whose detection is hampered by nonallelic genes are said to be hypostatic, i.e., to exhibit hypostasis. As dominance implies recessiveness, so epistasis implies hypostasis.
8. Linguistics. The citing of a word, word-element, etc., as an example, a model, etc. Also, a linguistic element thus referred to.
1933L. Bloomfield Lang. ix. 148 Hypostasis, the mention of a phonetically normal speech-form, as when we say, ‘That is only an if’, or ‘There is always a but’, or when we talk about ‘the word normalcy’ or ‘the name Smith’. One may even speak of parts of words, as..‘the suffix -ish in boyish’. 1940Language XVI. 238 When the sign is combined with a morpheme or is used in another grammatical category (hypostasis)..it is said to be characterized or positivized. 1961Lingua X. 175 All I want to say is that the subject of this paper is..how to analyse linguistic signs occurring in suppositio materialis or (as I shall henceforth say) in hypostasis. 1963Ibid. XII. 211 Sometimes hypostasis forms are used in other syntactical functions than subject, object or part of an adverbial adjunct, but at least those three functions are the most frequent in English. 1967K. L. Pike Lang. in Rel. Human Behavior (ed. 2) 108 Spelling words aloud is a form of hypostasis. Ibid. 484 This is treating sentences in hypostasis. |