| 释义 |
▪ I. assess, v.|əˈsɛs|
Also 5 accesse, 5–6 assesse, 6–7 assease, 7 ascease. Aphet. cess, sess, q.v.
[a. OF. assesse-r:—late L. assessā-re, frequentative of assidēre to sit by (e.g. as an assessor or assistant-judge), in late L. to fix or apportion a tax, to assess, f. ad- to + sedēre to sit. In mod.Fr. asseoir (:—L. assidēre) is used in this sense: cf. assize v.]
1. trans. To settle, determine, or fix the amount of (taxation, fine, etc.) to be paid by a person or community, or by each member of a community.
1447–8J. Shillingford Lett. (1871) 81 Half a dym which was assessed and payd. 1581Lambarde Eiren. iv. xvi. (1588) 580 The same Justices..shall assesse the Fine at their wils and pleasures. 1628Coke On Litt. 33 a, Found the value of the land..and assessed damages for the deteyning of the Dower. 1852McCulloch Taxation Introd. 12 Taxes..that admit of being fairly assessed and collected.
2. To determine the amount of and impose (taxation, fine, etc.) upon (a person or community).
1495Act 11 Hen. VII, iv, Suche fynes and amerciamentis as upon them shalbe cessid. 1531Dial. Laws of Eng. ii. ix. (1638) 75 The neighbours by assent assesse a certaine summe upon every inhabitant. 1876Green Short Hist. vi. 319 A forced loan was assessed upon the whole kingdom.
3. a. To impose a fine or tax upon (a person, community, or property); to lay under contribution; to tax, fine. Const. in, at the amount.
1494Fabyan vii. 344 And after sessyd theym at greuouse fynys. 1564Haward Eutrop. vi. (1584) 52 He..assessed hym to pay a great summe of mony. 1660R. Coke Power & Subj. 180 An Englishman shall be assessed in a deeper mulct. 1711Steele Spect. No. 53 ⁋10 Where each Person shall be assessed but at two Shillings and six Pence. 1839Keightley Hist. Eng. I. 298 Each county was assessed in a certain number of carpenters, masons and tylers. 1863Cox Inst. Eng. Govt. iii. ii. 602 John Hampden was assessed twenty shillings.
b. fig.
1804W. Taylor in Ann. Rev. II. 220 Several of our country historians..might be assessed for tributary materials.
4. To estimate officially the value of (property or income) for the purpose of apportioning its share of taxation.
1809Bawdwen tr. Domesday Bk. 245 Each one..was assessed at as much as a house in the city. 1842Penny Cycl. XXIV. 112/1 After assessing the annual income of each person. 1870Daily News 18 Apr., Woodlands may be assessed..upon the amount for which they might reasonably be expected to let. Tithes should be assessed on the commuted value.
5. transf. To evaluate (a person or thing); to estimate (the quality, value, or extent of), to gauge or judge.
1934in Webster. 1948Assessment of Men (U.S. Office of Strategic Services) 3 A number of psychologists and psychiatrists attempted to assess the merits of men and women recruited for the Office of Strategic Services. 1955Bull. Atomic Sci. Apr. 108/2 It is impossible even for a scientist of genius to assess a lost opportunity of which he was unaware. 1958I. Murdoch Bell iii. 41 How could he assess her like this because of something which had happened in the past? 1963B.S.I. News May 14/2 Both specifications..include the Bacharach or Shell smoke scale for use in assessing smoke density. 1968S. Hill Gentleman & Ladies vi. 81, I doubt if she could assess a human situation very accurately, I doubt if she would know where the truth of a matter lay. 1976Daily Mirror 16 July 2/3 The 300 British citizens left in Uganda ‘know the risks they are running, and have assessed them,’ he said. 1979J. Heller Good as Gold (1980) v. 197 Dressing at his locker, he assessed the damage to his flesh, bones, and systems from the track.
▪ II. † aˈssess(e, n. Obs.;
but see the aphet. cess, sess.
[f. prec.]
= assessment.
1576Lambarde Peramb. Kent (1826) 183 Conteining the assesse of such particular watch and warde. 1586J. Hooker Girald. Irel. in Holinsh. II. 78/2 Vpholders of all Irish enormities, wringing from the poore tenants euerlasting sesse. 1649Princely Pelican ix. (1702) 294 Taking off Assesses, Levies, and Free-quarterings. |