| 释义 |
▪ I. hydroplane, n.|ˈhaɪdrəpleɪn|
[f. hydro- + plane n.3 (in sense 2, after aeroplane).]
1. A movable horizontal plane (usually one of several) projecting from the side of a submarine and used to control movement in a vertical plane and to provide stability during motion under water.
1901Submarine Torpedo Boats (Lake Torpedo Boat Company) 19 The depth of submergence beneath the surface is maintained nearly constant by hydroplanes, one or more on each side of the vessel. 1902Sci. Amer. 22 Nov. 346/2 While submerged..the boat has a reserve buoyancy, and in order to totally submerge it is necessary to employ the hydroplanes. 1907S. Lake in Trans. Inst. Naval Archit. XLIX. 39 The practicability of navigating on the bottom and of opening a door for the purpose of conducting mining operations, &c, together with the hydroplanes, were the features most questioned in connection with my plans for a submarine torpedo-boat submitted to the U.S. Government in 1893. 1911Encycl. Brit. XXIV. 921/1 Another technical point in the design of submarines..is the desirability or otherwise of ‘bow-rudders’ or ‘hydroplanes’. 1919Jane's Fighting Ships 118 They..have large rudder and hydroplane areas and small reserve of buoyancy for quick diving and rapid handling. 1954K. C. Barnaby Basic Naval Archit. (ed. 2) vi. 93 In the submerged condition, there usually remains a small excess of buoyancy... This is overcome by means of the horizontal diving rudders or ‘hydroplanes’.
2. A motor boat designed to skim the surface of the water by means of a bottom that consists in part of one or more flat surfaces sloping upwards towards the bow. Also hydroplane boat.
1904Sci. Amer. 8 Oct. 250/3 Hydroplanes—new forms of gliding boats. This name, formed on the analogy of aeroplane, is suggested for vessels which, instead of floating in water, glide over its surface as sleighs glide over ice. 1907Engineering 4 Oct. 457/2 (heading) The Crocco and Ricaldoni hydroplane boat. 1909Westm. Gaz. 5 Jan. 4/2 We have exhibited marked enterprise in regard to the hydroplane. 1909Ibid. 9 Mar. 4/1 The Alla-Va, a hydroplane boat having more than ordinary pretensions to speed, has been placed in the unrestricted racer class. 1913W. Owen Let. 28 Sept. (1967) 199 Hydroplanes are in the habit of planing over the [River] Garonne. 1936E. G. Barrillon in W. F. Durand Aerodynamic Theory VI. 137 In a hydroplane in motion, the water does not act by static pressure alone, but also by a..dynamic force analogous to that on the wings of an airplane. 1957Times 8 Nov. 10/3 [Mr. Donald Campbell's] hydroplane Bluebird, which is powered by a Metropolitan-Vickers jet engine, was timed over the measured kilometre at 260·107 m.p.h. 1965R. Sheckley Game of X (1966) xviii. 127 The hydroplane climbed out of the water, balancing on her two sponsons.
†3. = hydro-aeroplane, seaplane. Obs. exc. Hist.
1911Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 9 Apr. 1/1 Glenn Curtiss, the aviator, gave a successful exhibition of his new hydroplane on the surface of Salt Lake this afternoon, ascending from and descending upon the water. 1913W. S. Churchill in Hansard Commons 17 July 1501 We have decided to call the naval hydroplane a seaplane, and the ordinary aeroplane or school machine, which we use in the Navy, simply a plane. 1913Q. Rev. Apr. 471 For reconnaissance, the work is better done by hydroplanes costing a few hundreds apiece. 1914Daily Express 19 Sept. 3/4 His flights in a hydroplane attracted the attention of the King at Weymouth a couple of years ago. 1969K. Munson Pioneer Aircraft 1903–14 161/2 Two other intermediate designs of 1907 were another airship, the No. 16, and a wingless hydroplane, the No. 18, which underwent taxying tests on the Seine.
▪ II. hydroplane, v.|ˈhaɪdrəpleɪn|
[f. prec. n.]
intr.
1. a. To travel in a hydroplane boat.
1909,1918[see hydroplaning vbl. n. below].
b. To skim the surface of the water by the use of hydroplanes.
1914Techn. Rep. Advisory Comm. Aeronaut. 1912–13 237 The machine at once hydroplaned on leaving its shed. 1928C. F. S. Gamble Story N. Sea Air Station i. 32 Having succeeded in making his machine hydroplane on her floats. 1936J. Grierson High Failure v. 91 Once one is hydroplaning it is much easier to go on accelerating until flying-speed is gained. 1938C. Winchester Wonders World Aviation I. 39 When the seaplane has gathered sufficient speed it climbs over its own wave and so hydroplanes or skims along the surface.
2. Of a motor vehicle, etc.: to aquaplane. Chiefly U.S.
1962Daily Tel. 17 May 17/5 Flooding on the Kingston by-pass caused a car travelling at speed to ‘hydroplane’ and..turn completely round. 1969C. Campbell Sports Car (ed. 3) vii. 179 Aquaplaning (hydroplaning in America)..is in effect a high-speed skating of the tyre on a film of water when travelling on wet roads. 1973R. Hayes Hungarian Game xxviii. 164 The 707 skipped once as its wheels hydroplaned on the wet runway.
So ˈhydroplaning vbl. n.
1909Westm. Gaz. 5 Jan. 4/3 It is due entirely to its performance at Southampton that hydroplaning has gained recognition in this country. 1918Chambers's Jrnl. 20 July 541/1 The water..provides the finest possible field for motor-boating in small craft, and, I should imagine, for hydroplaning. 1922Encycl. Brit. XXX. 50/2 Hydroplaning efficiency..could be sacrificed for sea-worthiness. 1938C. Winchester Wonders World Aviation I. 37 Running on the step is the expression used to describe the hydroplaning of a seaplane on the surface of the water. 1969[see sense 2 above]. |