| 释义 |
ˈfunctionalist, n. (and a.)
[f. functional a. + -ist.]
1. Social Sciences. An adherent or advocate of the functional approach (see functional a. 2 c). Also attrib. or as adj.
1914J. B. Watson Behavior i. 8 The difference between functional psychology and structural psychology, as the functionalists have so far stated the case, is unintelligible. Ibid., The terms sensation, perception, affection, emotion, volition are used as much by the functionalist as by the structuralist. 1931R. S. Woodworth Contemp. Schools Psychol. iii. 48 This attempt of the functionalists to revise the definition of psychology by lining it up with biology. 1933P. Radin Method & Theory Ethnol. ii. 24 The so-called functionalist school of Radcliffe-Brown and Malinowski. 1937R. H. Lowie Hist. Ethnol. Theory xiii. 236 There is only one natural unit for the ethnologist—the culture of all humanity at all periods and in all places; only when the functionalist has..defined his particular culture within that frame of reference, does he know what he is talking about. 1951R. B. MacLeod in Rohrer & Sherif Social Psychol. at Crossroads 224 For the functionalist perceiving is also a function, one of the organism's ways of adjusting itself. 1952W. J. H. Sprott Social Psychol. 221 The ‘Functionalists’—such as Malinowski and Radcliffe-Brown—come to our aid. At least every society must provide means of satisfying the basic needs of its members, and we can therefore explain many of their institutions in terms of the function they perform to this end. 1961Oxf. Mag. 1 June 387/1 Professor Evans-Pritchard's criticisms of ‘functionalist’ (i.e. unhistorical) anthropology have been made on earlier occasions. 1970E. Leach Lévi-Strauss i. 7 Most..social anthropologists..claim to be ‘functionalists’; broadly speaking they are anthropologists in the style and tradition of Malinowski. In contrast, Claude Lévi-Strauss is a social anthropologist in the tradition of Frazer.
2. An adherent of functionalism in design. Also attrib. or as adj., exhibiting functionalism.
1932H. Robertson Mod. Archit. Design iv. 140 The functionalist, in theory at any rate, seeks in design only the most effective expression of the use of any object, whether it be a house to live in, or a chair to sit on. 1934Archit. Rev. LXXV. 9 Having been first designed as a quasi ‘free classic’ building, it was, as it were, driven to re-designing itself in a more functionalist fashion by sheer pressure of circumstances. 1939O. Lancaster Homes Sweet Homes 78 Recent compliance on the part of the insular British with the extreme dictates of the continental functionalists. |