| 释义 |
hydrophilic, a.|haɪdrəˈfɪlɪk|
[f. hydro- + Gr. ϕίλ-ος loving + -ic.]
a. Having an affinity for water, readily absorbing water; relating to such an affinity.
1901Buck's Handbk. Med. Sci. (ed. 2) III. 694/1 The ear should be very carefully dried out, as of course the effectiveness of this solution depends upon the hydrophilic properties of the materials employed. 1954Kirk & Othmer Encycl. Chem. Technol. XIII. 919 The hydrophilic fibers can absorb and transfer water, and as such they are not naturally water-repellent. 1963R. R. A. Higham Handbk. Papermaking ii. 37 Because of the natural affinity of cellulose for water, paper is termed hydrophilic (water-receptive). 1971Nature 19 Nov. 126/3 Attached to their hydrocarbon tails phospholipid molecules also..have hydrophilic head groups.
b. spec. in Physical Chem. [after Fr. hydrophile (J. Perrin 1905, in Jrnl. de Chim. phys. III. 85)]: applied to a hydrosol that does not readily form a precipitate, and to a gel that readily forms a sol on the addition of water or on being warmed.
1915M. H. Fischer tr. Ostwald's Handbk. Colloid-Chem. ii. 50 Different names are employed in the literature for these two sets of colloids... J. Perrin [calls them] ‘hydrophilic’ and ‘hydrophobic’ colloids. 1936J. H. Parsons Dis. Eye (ed. 8) xvi. 322 It has all the properties of a hydrophilic gel, undergoing turgescence in an alkaline, deturgescence in an acid aqueous medium. 1948Glasstone Textbk. Physical Chem. (ed. 2) xiv. 1235 Sols of gums, starches, proteins and soaps, provide instances of hydrophilic systems. 1967M. E. Hale Biol. Lichens iv. 53 The imbibition of water by a hydrophilic gel.
Hence hydrophiˈlicity, hydrophilic quality.
1953Chem. Abstr. XLVII. 9035 ‘Hydrophil[ic]ity’ is defined as the ratio, by wt. of the hydrophilic to hydrophobic groups in the same mol. 1970R. D. Swisher Surfactant Biodegradation ii. 32 The nonionic hydrophilic groups have a multiplicity of elements..which have a cumulative effect; increasing their numbers in the group increases the hydrophilicity of the aggregate. |