| 释义 |
hydrocracking, vbl. n.|ˈhaɪdrəʊˌkrækɪŋ|
[f. hydro- + cracking vbl. n. (see crack v. 23).]
The catalytic cracking of crude petroleum or a heavy distillate by subjecting it to the action of gaseous hydrogen at a high temperature and pressure, so that long-chain paraffins and other hydrocarbons undergo hydrogenolysis; also called hydrogenation cracking.
1940Jrnl. Soc. Chem. Industry Japan (Suppl. binding) XLIII. 363/1 The ‘Hydro-Cracking’ is a method of cracking in which mineral oil is decomposed in the presence of high pressure hydrogen. 1955V. Haensel in B. T. Brooks et al. Chem. Petroleum Hydrocarbons II. xxix. 205 Hydrocracking produces lower boiling hydro⁓carbons which have higher octane numbers and lower densities than the parent hydrocarbons. 1970Adv. Chem. Ser. CIII. vi. 113 When the modern version of hydro⁓cracking was announced in 1959, capacity was 1000 barrels per day. As the decade ended capacity..was approaching 1,000,000 barrels per day.
Hence (as a back-formation) ˈhydrocrack v. trans., to subject to, or convert by means of, hydrocracking; ˈhydrocracked ppl. a., obtained by hydrocracking. Also ˈhydro-cracker, an apparatus or plant where hydro-cracking is carried out.
1940Jrnl. Soc. Chem. Industry Japan (Suppl. binding) XLIII. 363/1 The hydro-cracked gasoline is reputed to be of superior quality. 1959R. J. Hengstebeck Petroleum Processing xii. 274 Any heavy petroleum stock can be hydrocracked. 1965Chem. & Engin. News 29 Mar. 32/2 (heading) Gulf adds hydrocracker at Port Arthur refinery. 1970Adv. Chem. Ser. CIII. vi. 119 The feed is hydro⁓cracked efficiently to jet fuel with minimum formation of lighter products. Ibid. 120 The hydrocracker should be operated to give maximum liquid yields. |