| 释义 |
hyaline, a. and n.|ˈhaɪəlɪn, -aɪn|
[ad. L. hyalin-us, a. Gr. ὑάλινος of glass or crystal, f. ὕαλος, ὕελος glass (said to be originally an Egyptian word). Cf. F. hyalin (OF. ialin).]
A. adj. Resembling glass, transparent as glass, glassy, crystalline, vitreous. (Chiefly technical.) hyaline cartilage, ordinary cartilage, as distinguished from fibro-cartilage or other varieties; hyaline cast, a more or less transparent urinary cast composed mainly of precipitated protein; hyaline cell, (a) Bot., a cell without chlorophyll, found in the leaves and stem of certain mosses; † (b) Med. (also hyaline leucocyte), a type of white blood-cell; = monocyte (obs.); hyaline degeneration, a form of degeneration of various tissues in which they assume a glassy appearance; hyaline membrane disease (or syndrome), a condition in some newborn (esp. premature) babies in which the lung spaces are lined with a hyaline membrane, causing severe dyspnœa and often early death.
a1661B. Holyday Juvenal (1673) 174 Sprinkled over with hyaline or glass-colour'd dust. 1791E. Darwin Bot. Gard. i. 117 As below she braids her hyaline hair. 1828Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. II. 118 Body oblong, depressed..tunic whitish, hyaline. 1855Holden Hum. Osteol. (1878) 24 The..skeleton of the foetus..consists at first of hyaline cartilage. 1867H. Macmillan Bible Teach. ii. (1870) 30 Like the hyaline pavement which John saw in vision. 1870Jrnl. Bot. VIII. 229 In neither [species of Dicranum] do I find the beautiful chlorophyllose contents observable in the Finland specimens..nor are the longitudinal rows of hyaline cells, in the centre of the basal wing, so well defined. 1880W. B. Carpenter in 19th Cent. April 613 Near the surface of the water..the inter-spaces [of the iceberg] lose their dead whiteness, and become hyaline or bluish. 1881Practitioner Oct. 243 The urine contained red corpuscles, albumin, and hyaline casts. 1894Kanthack & Hardy in Jrnl. Physiol. XVII. 96 The hyaline cell occurs both in blood and in the extra-vascular spaces. 1896H. N. Dixon Student's Handbk. Brit. Mosses 9 The pores in the hyaline cells of the branch leaves [of Sphagnum species] are..occasionally found on the face of the hyaline cells. 1897Allbutt Syst. Med. II. 698 These hyaline or hyaloid degenerations are found..in aged dogs. 1906Jrnl. Pathol. & Bacteriol. XI. 67 The immature hyaline cell is an evenly round or oval cell. Ibid. 79 Others consider that the lymphocytes are the young forms of hyaline leucocytes. 1929Encycl. Brit. III. 742/1 The large hyaline cell may really include two quite different cells of similar appearance. 1931A. Piney Recent Adv. Hæmatol. (ed. 3) ii. 18 The large hyaline leucocyte or monocyte is not easy to place with complete certainty in either the group of granulocytes or of lymphocytes. 1938G. M. Smith Cryptogamic Bot. II. iv. 87 The hyaline cells of leaves and similar cells in the cortex of a stem play an important role in the absorption and retention of water. 1953Adv. Pediatrics VI. 173 If an infant does not exhibit respiratory difficulty within the first 12 hours of life I do not believe it will die of hyaline membrane disease. 1955Jrnl. Pediatrics XLVII. 40/1 The triad of pathologic changes in the lungs of infants who die with the pulmonary hyaline membrane syndrome consists of atelectasis, vascular engorgement, and an eosinophilic hyaline-like membrane which lines alveolar ducts and alveoli. 1958New Biol. XXVI. 102 The leaves [of Sphagnum] are composed of large empty ‘hyaline’ cells, with narrow green cells between them. 1966Lancet 24 Dec. 1384/2 Mid-stream urine showed small numbers of hyaline and granular casts. 1973Sci. Amer. Apr. 75/1 In the past some infants with hyaline membrane disease recovered spontaneously. Many became exhausted and died.
B. n.
1. ‘A sea of glass like unto crystal’ (θάλασσα ὑαλίνη, Rev. iv. 6); hence a poetic term for the smooth sea, the clear sky, or any transparent substance.
1667Milton P.L. vii. 619 On the cleer Hyaline, the Glassie Sea. 1827Montgomery Pelican Isl. i. 162 Through the clear hyaline the Ship of Heaven Came sailing. 1876M. Collins Fr. Midn. to M. II. Pref. Poem 186 Like halcyon brooding on the hyaline. 1876Blackmore Cripps II. xiv. 215 Meadows..fluttered with the pearly hyaline of dew.
2. Anat. and Biol.
a. The hyaloid membrane of the eye.
b. Hyaline cartilage (see A).
c. = hyaloplasm.
1864Webster, Hyaline,..the pellucid substance in cells in process of development. |